直接引語轉(zhuǎn)間接引語練習(xí)題庫一、引言直接引語（DirectSpeech）向間接引語（IndirectSpeech）的轉(zhuǎn)換，是英語語法中邏輯轉(zhuǎn)述能力的核心訓(xùn)練點(diǎn)。它要求學(xué)習(xí)者精準(zhǔn)把控時(shí)態(tài)、人稱、句式結(jié)構(gòu)的聯(lián)動(dòng)變化，實(shí)現(xiàn)從“直接引用”到“間接轉(zhuǎn)述”的自然過渡。本練習(xí)題庫結(jié)合基礎(chǔ)規(guī)則與典型場(chǎng)景，通過分層訓(xùn)練幫助學(xué)習(xí)者深化理解、提升轉(zhuǎn)換能力。二、核心知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理轉(zhuǎn)換的核心邏輯是“語境一致性”：主句為過去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句需遵循“時(shí)態(tài)后退”原則；主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)保持不變。具體規(guī)則如下：1.時(shí)態(tài)變化（“后退”邏輯）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)→一般過去時(shí)（如：*Iam*→*Iwas*）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)→過去進(jìn)行時(shí)（如：*Iamdoing*→*Iwasdoing*）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)→過去完成時(shí)（如：*Ihavedone*→*Ihaddone*）一般過去時(shí)→過去完成時(shí)（如：*Idid*→*Ihaddone*）一般將來時(shí)→過去將來時(shí)（如：*Iwilldo*→*Iwoulddo*）2.人稱變化（“一隨主，二隨賓，三不變”）第一人稱（*I/we*）隨主句主語變化（如：*Hesaid,"I..."*→*Hesaidthathe...*）第二人稱（*you*）隨主句賓語變化（如：*Sheaskedme,"You..."*→*SheaskedmethatI...*）第三人稱（*he/she/they*等）保持不變3.指示代詞與狀語調(diào)整指示代詞：*this/these*→*that/those*；*that/those*若指代明確可保留時(shí)間狀語：*now*→*then*；*today*→*thatday*；*tomorrow*→*thenextday*；*yesterday*→*thedaybefore*地點(diǎn)狀語：*here*→*there*4.句式結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換陳述句：去掉引號(hào)，加*that*引導(dǎo)賓語從句（*that*可省略）。一般疑問句：去掉引號(hào)，加*if/whether*引導(dǎo)賓語從句，語序改為陳述語序。特殊疑問句：保留疑問詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句，語序改為陳述語序。祈使句：改為*“ask/tell/ordersb.(not)todosth.”*結(jié)構(gòu)。感嘆句：用*that*引導(dǎo)從句，保留感嘆語氣（或轉(zhuǎn)換為陳述語氣的感嘆結(jié)構(gòu)）。三、分類練習(xí)題庫（一）陳述句轉(zhuǎn)換請(qǐng)結(jié)合時(shí)態(tài)、人稱與狀語規(guī)則，將直接引語轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語：1.Hesaid,"Iamastudent."轉(zhuǎn)換：Hesaidthat____________________.2.Shetoldme,"Iwillgotoschooltomorrow."轉(zhuǎn)換：Shetoldmethat____________________.3.Theteachersaid,"Theearthmovesaroundthesun."轉(zhuǎn)換：Theteachersaidthat____________________.（二）一般疑問句轉(zhuǎn)換將直接引語的一般疑問句轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語（用*if/whether*引導(dǎo)，注意語序）：1.Heasked,"AreyoufromChina?"轉(zhuǎn)換：Heaskedme____________________.2.Theteacherasked,"DoesshelikeEnglish?"轉(zhuǎn)換：Theteacherasked____________________.3.Sheasked,"Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?"轉(zhuǎn)換：Sheaskedme____________________.（三）特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)換保留疑問詞，將特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語（語序?yàn)殛愂稣Z序）：1.Sheasked,"Whatisyourname?"轉(zhuǎn)換：Sheaskedme____________________.2.Heasked,"Wheredoyoulive?"轉(zhuǎn)換：Heaskedme____________________.3.Theboyasked,"Whenwillthemeetingstart?"轉(zhuǎn)換：Theboyasked____________________.（四）祈使句轉(zhuǎn)換將祈使句轉(zhuǎn)換為*“ask/tellsb.(not)todosth.”*結(jié)構(gòu)：1.Themothersaidtoherson,"Cleanyourroom."轉(zhuǎn)換：Themothertoldherson____________________.2.Theteachersaidtous,"Don'tbelate."轉(zhuǎn)換：Theteachertoldus____________________.3.Hesaidtome,"PleasehelpmewithmyEnglish."轉(zhuǎn)換：Heaskedme____________________.（五）感嘆句轉(zhuǎn)換將感嘆句轉(zhuǎn)換為*that*引導(dǎo)的間接引語（保留感嘆語氣或轉(zhuǎn)換為陳述語氣）：1.Shesaid,"Whatabeautifulfloweritis!"轉(zhuǎn)換：Shesaidthat____________________.2.Hesaid,"Howclevertheboyis!"轉(zhuǎn)換：Hesaidthat____________________.3.Theysaid,"Whatdeliciousfoodthisis!"轉(zhuǎn)換：Theysaidthat____________________.（六）特殊情況轉(zhuǎn)換（時(shí)態(tài)、人稱復(fù)雜變化）結(jié)合“時(shí)態(tài)后退”“人稱規(guī)則”完成轉(zhuǎn)換：1.Hesaid,"Ihavefinishedmyhomework."（主句為過去時(shí)）轉(zhuǎn)換：Hesaidthat____________________.2.Shesays,"Iamhappy."（主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)）轉(zhuǎn)換：Shesaysthat____________________.3.Hetoldme,"Youshouldhelpyoursister."（注意人稱“二隨賓”）轉(zhuǎn)換：Hetoldmethat____________________.四、答案與解析（一）陳述句轉(zhuǎn)換答案1.Hesaidthathewasastudent.解析：主句*said*為過去時(shí)，從句*am*（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）后退為*was*（一般過去時(shí)）；人稱*I*隨主句主語*he*變?yōu)?he*。2.Shetoldmethatshewouldgotoschoolthenextday.解析：主句*told*為過去時(shí)，從句*will*（一般將來時(shí)）后退為*would*（過去將來時(shí)）；*tomorrow*變?yōu)?thenextday*；人稱*I*隨主句主語*she*變?yōu)?she*。3.Theteachersaidthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.解析：客觀真理時(shí)態(tài)不變，因此*moves*保留一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。（二）一般疑問句轉(zhuǎn)換答案1.Heaskedmeif/whetherIwasfromChina.解析：一般疑問句用*if/whether*引導(dǎo)；語序改為陳述語序；主句*asked*為過去時(shí)，從句*are*（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）后退為*was*（一般過去時(shí)）；人稱*you*隨主句賓語*me*變?yōu)?I*。2.Theteacheraskedif/whethershelikedEnglish.解析：一般疑問句用*if/whether*引導(dǎo)；語序改為陳述語序；主句*asked*為過去時(shí)，從句*does*（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）后退為*did*？不，原句謂語是*like*，助動(dòng)詞*does*是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因此從句時(shí)態(tài)后退為一般過去時(shí)，即*shelikedEnglish*。3.Sheaskedmeif/whetherIhadfinishedmyhomework.解析：一般疑問句用*if/whether*引導(dǎo)；語序改為陳述語序；主句*asked*為過去時(shí)，從句*have*（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）后退為*had*（過去完成時(shí)）；人稱*you*隨主句賓語*me*變?yōu)?I*。（三）特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)換答案1.Sheaskedmewhatmynamewas.解析：保留疑問詞*what*；語序改為陳述語序（*mynamewas*）；主句*asked*為過去時(shí)，從句*is*（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）后退為*was*（一般過去時(shí)）；人稱*your*隨主句賓語*me*變?yōu)?my*。2.HeaskedmewhereIlived.解析：保留疑問詞*where*；語序改為陳述語序（*Ilived*）；主句*asked*為過去時(shí)，從句*do*（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）后退為*did*？不，原句謂語是*live*，助動(dòng)詞*do*是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因此從句時(shí)態(tài)后退為一般過去時(shí)，即*Ilived*。3.Theboyaskedwhenthemeetingwouldstart.解析：保留疑問詞*when*；語序改為陳述語序（*themeetingwouldstart*）；主句*asked*為過去時(shí)，從句*will*（一般將來時(shí)）后退為*would*（過去將來時(shí)）。（四）祈使句轉(zhuǎn)換答案1.Themothertoldhersontocleanhisroom.解析：祈使句用*tellsb.todosth.*結(jié)構(gòu)；人稱*your*隨主句賓語*herson*變?yōu)?his*。2.Theteachertoldusnottobelate.解析：否定祈使句用*tellsb.nottodosth.*結(jié)構(gòu)。3.HeaskedmetohelphimwithhisEnglish.解析：帶有請(qǐng)求語氣的祈使句用*asksb.todosth.*結(jié)構(gòu)；原句*me*（賓語）和*my*（物主代詞）隨主句主語*he*變?yōu)?him*和*his*。（五）感嘆句轉(zhuǎn)換答案1.Shesaidthatitwasaverybeautifulflower.（或保留感嘆結(jié)構(gòu)：*Shesaidthatwhatabeautifulfloweritwas!*）解析：感嘆句轉(zhuǎn)換為*that*從句，可保留*what*結(jié)構(gòu)，或用“*very+形容詞*”強(qiáng)化陳述語氣的感嘆。2.Hesaidthattheboywasveryclever.（或：*Hesaidthathowclevertheboywas!*）解析：同理，*how*引導(dǎo)的感嘆句可轉(zhuǎn)換為“*主語+was+very+形容詞*”結(jié)構(gòu)，或保留*how*結(jié)構(gòu)。3.Theysaidthatthiswasverydeliciousfood.（或：*Theysaidthatwhatdeliciousfoodthiswas!*）解析：保留*what*結(jié)構(gòu)，或調(diào)整為“*very+形容詞+名詞*”結(jié)構(gòu)。（六）特殊情況轉(zhuǎn)換答案1.Hesaidthathehadfinishedhishomework.解析：主句*said*為過去時(shí)，從句*havefinished*（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）后退為*hadfinished*（過去完成時(shí)）；人稱*I*隨主句主語*he*變?yōu)?he*。2.Shesaysthatsheishappy.解析：主句*says*為現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)保持不變；人稱*I*隨主句主語*she*變?yōu)?she*。3.HetoldmethatIshould