全國碩士研究生招生考試練習題卷附答案（2025年）一、政治理論（滿分38分）

1.選擇題（每題2分，共10分）

（1）中國共產(chǎn)黨第十九屆中央委員會第五次全體會議提出的我國發(fā)展的主要目標是（）

A.經(jīng)濟增長速度

B.科技創(chuàng)新能力

C.社會文明程度

D.生態(tài)文明建設

答案：B

（2）我國在2020年脫貧攻堅戰(zhàn)中取得了決定性勝利，下列哪項是脫貧攻堅戰(zhàn)的主要任務？（）

A.提高農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設施建設

B.實現(xiàn)農(nóng)村貧困人口全部脫貧

C.發(fā)展農(nóng)村產(chǎn)業(yè)

D.改善農(nóng)村生態(tài)環(huán)境

答案：B

（3）關(guān)于新時代我國社會主要矛盾，下列說法正確的是（）

A.人民日益增長的物質(zhì)文化需要同落后的社會生產(chǎn)之間的矛盾

B.人民日益增長的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的發(fā)展之間的矛盾

C.人民日益增長的精神文化需求同落后的社會生產(chǎn)之間的矛盾

D.人民日益增長的美好生活需要同落后的社會生產(chǎn)之間的矛盾

答案：B

（4）我國在推進全面深化改革中，要處理好改革、發(fā)展、穩(wěn)定的關(guān)系，下列說法錯誤的是（）

A.改革是發(fā)展的動力

B.發(fā)展是改革的目的

C.穩(wěn)定是改革的前提

D.穩(wěn)定是發(fā)展的前提

答案：D

（5）關(guān)于新時代中國特色大國外交，下列說法正確的是（）

A.堅持走和平發(fā)展道路

B.堅持維護國家主權(quán)、安全、發(fā)展利益

C.堅持互利共贏的開放戰(zhàn)略

D.所有以上選項

答案：D

2.簡答題（每題10分，共20分）

（1）簡述新時代我國社會主要矛盾及其內(nèi)涵。

答案：新時代我國社會主要矛盾是人民日益增長的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的發(fā)展之間的矛盾。這一主要矛盾具有以下內(nèi)涵：一方面，人民美好生活需要日益廣泛，包括經(jīng)濟、政治、文化、社會、生態(tài)等方面；另一方面，我國發(fā)展不平衡不充分，表現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展、收入分配、科技創(chuàng)新等方面。

（2）簡述新時代全面深化改革的總目標是完善和發(fā)展中國特色社會主義制度、推進國家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化。

答案：新時代全面深化改革的總目標是完善和發(fā)展中國特色社會主義制度、推進國家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化。具體包括以下幾個方面：完善和發(fā)展中國特色社會主義制度，使之更加成熟、更加定型；推進國家治理體系現(xiàn)代化，構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)完備、科學規(guī)范、運行高效的制度體系；推進國家治理能力現(xiàn)代化，提高黨同人民群眾的聯(lián)系，增強黨的執(zhí)政能力和領(lǐng)導水平。

二、英語（滿分100分）

1.完形填空（每題2分，共20分）

IhaveafriendnamedJerry.Heisaveryinterestingperson.Helikestotravelandhasbeentomanycountries.Lastsummer,hewenttoJapan.Hevisitedfamousplaces,suchasTokyo,Kyoto,andOsaka.HealsotrieddifferentkindsofJapanesefood.

Oneday,JerrytoldmeabouthisexperienceinJapan.HesaidthathewasimpressedbythekindnessoftheJapanesepeople.Theywerealwaysreadytohelphimwhenheneededit.Forexample,whenhegotlostinthesubwaystation,astrangerhelpedhimfindhisway.Anothertime,whenhewaslookingforarestaurant,ashopkeepershowedhimtheway.

JerryalsosaidthathewassurprisedbythecleanlinessofJapan.Thestreetswerealwaysclean,andpeopletookcareoftheirenvironment.Hesawmanypeoplepickinguplitterandrecycling.

Ithinkit'sgreatthatJerryhadsuchawonderfulexperienceinJapan.Itshowsthatpeoplecanhavedifferentculturesandstillbefriendlyandhelpfultoeachother.

（1）Jerryisafriendof______.

A.me

B.my

C.myself

D.mine

答案：A

（2）Jerrylikesto______.

A.travel

B.traveling

C.travels

D.traveled

答案：A

（3）Jerryhasbeento______countries.

A.alotof

B.lotof

C.many

D.much

答案：C

（4）Jerryvisited______placesinJapan.

A.famous

B.thefamous

C.afamous

D.anfamous

答案：A

（5）Jerrytried______kindsofJapanesefood.

A.different

B.thedifferent

C.adifferent

D.andifferent

答案：A

2.閱讀理解（每題5分，共30分）

Passage1

TheInternethaschangedthewaywelive,work,andcommunicate.Ithasbroughttheworldclosertogetherandmadeitpossibleforpeopletoconnectwitheachotherinstantly.However,theInternetalsohasitsdownsides.

OneofthemainproblemswiththeInternetisthatitcanbeadistraction.Peoplespendhoursonsocialmedia,playinggames,orwatchingvideos,whichcantakeawayfromtheirproductivity.AnotherproblemisthattheInternetcanbeasourceofmisinformation.Itisimportantforuserstobecriticaloftheinformationtheyfindonlineandtoverifyitbeforesharingit.

Despitetheseissues,theInternethasmanybenefits.Itprovidesaccesstoavastamountofinformationandresources.Ithasalsocreatednewopportunitiesforbusinessandeducation.TheInternethasmadeitpossibleforpeopletoworkfromhomeandforstudentstotakeonlineclasses.

Inconclusion,theInternethashadasignificantimpactonourlives.Itisuptoustouseitresponsiblyandtomakesurethatwearenotnegativelyaffectedbyitsdownsides.

（1）Whatisthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?

A.TheInternethaschangedourlives.

B.TheInternethasbothbenefitsanddrawbacks.

C.TheInternetisadistraction.

D.TheInternetisasourceofmisinformation.

答案：B

（2）WhatisoneofthemainproblemswiththeInternet?

A.Ithasbroughttheworldclosertogether.

B.Itcanbeadistraction.

C.Itprovidesaccesstoavastamountofinformation.

D.Ithascreatednewopportunitiesforbusinessandeducation.

答案：B

（3）WhyisitimportantforInternetuserstobecriticaloftheinformationtheyfindonline?

A.BecausetheInternetcanbeasourceofmisinformation.

B.BecausetheInternethaschangedthewaywelive,work,andcommunicate.

C.BecausetheInternethasbothbenefitsanddrawbacks.

D.BecausetheInternethasmadeitpossibleforpeopletoworkfromhomeandforstudentstotakeonlineclasses.

答案：A

（4）WhatisoneofthebenefitsoftheInternetmentionedinthepassage?

A.Itcanbeadistraction.

B.Itprovidesaccesstoavastamountofinformationandresources.

C.Itisasourceofmisinformation.

D.Ithasbroughttheworldclosertogether.

答案：B

（5）Whatistheauthor'soveralltonetowardstheInternet?

A.Positive

B.Negative

C.Neutral

D.Enthusiastic

答案：C

Passage2

Inthepastfewyears,therehasbeenagrowingtrendofpeopleadoptingplantbaseddiets.Moreandmorepeoplearechoosingtoeliminatemeatandanimalproductsfromtheirdietsforvariousreasons,includinghealth,environmentalconcerns,andanimalrights.

Oneofthemainreasonspeoplearechoosingplantbaseddietsisfortheirhealth.Studieshaveshownthatplantbaseddietscanhelpreducetheriskofheartdisease,cancer,andobesity.Theyarealsorichinnutrientsandfiber,whichcanimproveoverallhealth.

Anotherreasonfortheriseinplantbaseddietsisenvironmentalconcerns.Animalagricultureisamajorcontributortogreenhousegasemissionsanddeforestation.Bychoosingplantbasedfoods,peoplecanreducetheircarbonfootprintandhelppreservetheenvironment.

Animalrightsisalsoafactorinthegrowingpopularityofplantbaseddiets.Manypeopleareconcernedabouttheconditionsinwhichanimalsareraisedandslaughteredforfood.Theybelievethataplantbaseddietisamoreethicalchoice.

Inconclusion,thetrendofplantbaseddietsisontheriseforseveralreasons.Whetherforhealth,environmentalconcerns,oranimalrights,morepeoplearechoosingtoadoptthislifestyle.

（1）Whatisthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?

A.Peopleareadoptingplantbaseddietsforvariousreasons.

B.Plantbaseddietsarebecomingmorepopular.

C.Plantbaseddietsarehealthy.

D.Animalagricultureisharmfultotheenvironment.

答案：A

（2）Whyarepeoplechoosingplantbaseddietsfortheirhealth?

A.Theycanhelpreducetheriskofheartdisease,cancer,andobesity.

B.Theyarerichinnutrientsandfiber.

C.Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly.

D.Theyareamoreethicalchoice.

答案：A

（3）Whatisoneoftheenvironmentalconcernsassociatedwithanimalagriculture?

A.Itcontributestogreenhousegasemissionsanddeforestation.

B.Itisharmfultoanimalrights.

C.Itisnothealthyforhumans.

D.Itisnotsustainable.

答案：A

（4）Whatisoneofthereasonspeopleareconcernedaboutanimalrights?

A.Theybelievethatanimalsshouldnotbeusedforfood.

B.Theyareconcernedabouttheconditionsinwhichanimalsareraisedandslaughteredforfood.

C.Theythinkthatanimalsareintelligentanddeserverights.

D.Theybelievethathumansandanimalsareequal.

答案：B

（5）Whatistheauthor'soveralltonetowardsplantbaseddiets?

A.Positive

B.Negative

C.Neutral

D.Enthusiastic

答案：C

三、數(shù)學（滿分150分）

1.填空題（每題5分，共25分）

（1）若函數(shù)f(x)=2x^33x^2+x4在x=1處取得極值，則a=______。

答案：a=3

（2）若函數(shù)y=ln(x1)的定義域是（1，+∞），則函數(shù)y=ln(x1)^2的定義域是______。

答案：（1，+∞）

（3）已知函數(shù)f(x)=x^2+bx+c（b、c為常數(shù)）的圖像開口向上，且頂點在x軸上，則b、c的關(guān)系是______。

答案：b^2=4c

（4）直線y=2x+1與圓(x1)^2+(y2)^2=16相切，則切點的坐標是______。

答案：（3，5）

（5）已知等差數(shù)列{an}的前n項和為Sn，且S3=12，S6=27，則首項a1=______。

答案：a1=3

2.解答題（每題25分，共75分）

（1）已知函數(shù)f(x)=x^33x^2+4，求f(x)的單調(diào)區(qū)間。

答案：f(x)在（∞，0）和（2，+∞）上單調(diào)遞增，在（0，2）上單調(diào)遞減。

（2）解方程組：

\[

\begin{cases}

2x+3y=7\\

4x5y=1

\end{cases}

\]

答案：x=1，y=1

（3）已知函數(shù)f(x)=x^2+2x+k在區(qū)間（∞，3）內(nèi)單調(diào)遞減，求實數(shù)k的取值