2025學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期中杭州地區(qū)（含周邊）重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高二年級(jí)英語學(xué)科試題考生須知：1．本卷滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘；2．答題前，在答題卷指定區(qū)域填寫班級(jí)、姓名、考場(chǎng)號(hào)、座位號(hào)及準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)并填涂相應(yīng)數(shù)字。3．所有答案必須寫在答題卷上，寫在試卷上無效；4．考試結(jié)束后，只需上交答題卷。第I卷第一部分：聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)：（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A．￡19.15．B．￡9.18．C．￡9.15．答案是C。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Selectingacupboard. B.Sortingouttheclothes. C.Tidyingupthestoreroom.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Therearesomanyoptions.Ican’tdecidewhichonetobuy.W:Howaboutthisonewiththedeepdrawers?You’llhavealotofstoragespace.M:I’mworriedit’llbehardtoreachthebottomclothes.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Heishighlyfocused.B.Heispooratmultitasking.C.HeiseasilybotheredbytheTV.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Idon’tknowhowyoucanstudywhiletheTVison.M:Idon’tevennoticeit.It’sjustbackground.W:Itbothersme.ButI’mterribleatmultitaskinganyway.Icanonlydoonethingatatime.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Printnewspapersaremorereliable.B.Peopleshouldprotecttheireyesight.C.Digitalnewshasbeeverypopular.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Nowadays,nobodyreallyreadsprintnewspapersanymore.M:Exactly.It’sallaboutdigitalnewsnow—everyone’sjustgluedtotheirphones.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Wherearethespeakers?A.Inataxi. B.Inagiftshop. C.Inarestaurant.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:We’restuckinatrafficjam.W:Let’sjustpayandwalktherestofthewaytotherestaurant.Atleastwe’llbemoving.M:Don’tforgettograbthegiftforAnne.5.此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whydoesthemanplain?A.Hemetanunprofessionalworker.B.Hegottheinaccurateinformation.C.Hedidn’tgetareplytohismessage.【答案】B【解析】【原文】a.m.calledlastnightandtherewasarecordedmessagethatsaidyourshopopensat6a.m.W:I’mverysorrythathappened,butourhoursarefrom8a.m.to11p.m.everyday.M:Well,that’sprettyunprofessional.第二節(jié)：（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】6.WhatcanwelearnaboutthemanandSam?A.Theygetalongwell.BTheywilldoaprojecttogether.C.Theyhavetroubleworkingtogether.7.WhatdoesthemanthinkofSam?A.Heismean. B.Heisdirect. C.Heisfriendly.【答案】6.A7.B【解析】【原文】W:I’mgoingtobeworkingonagroupprojectwithSamFisher.M:I’msureyou’lllearnalotfromhim.W:What?Ithoughtyouguyshadtroubleworkingtogether.M:Oh,Iknowwhatyoumean.Yeah,wehadaconflictwhenwefirststarted,butwegotoverit.Sam’sjustverystraightforward,youknowwhatImean?W:Okay.Imean,I’mnotlookingtobehisfriend.M:Don’tgetmewrong.Ilikehim.He’sjust,youknow,straighttothepoint.聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】8.WhydoesJackmakethecall?A.Tokeepanappointment.B.Toconfirmanappointment.C.Torescheduleanappointment.9.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.TreatJackherself. B.Takealunchbreak. C.TellDr.Leetheemergency.【答案】8.C9.C【解析】【原文】M:Hi,thisisJackTaylor.I’msorrytocallonsuchshortnotice,butoneofmyfillingsjustcameoutandI’minabitofpain.IhaveanappointmentwithDr.LeethisSaturday,butcouldIpossiblyeintoday?W:Oh,I’msorrytohearthat.He’sprettybookedup,butforsomethinglikethis,I’msurehe’llbewillingtotakeashortlunchbreak.Howabout1:00?M:Thatwouldbeperfect,thankyou.I’mreallysorryfortheinconvenience,butIcan’tcheworeatanything.W:Oh,don’tworryaboutit.Thissortofthinghappens.LetmecheckwithDr.Lee,andwe’lltakecareofittoday.聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】10.WhatistherelationshipbetweenJaniceandMr.Franks?A.Bossandsecretary.B.Deliverymanandcustomer.C.Salesrepresentativeandcustomer.11.WhatproblemdidMr.Franksbringup?A.Alatedelivery. B.Amistakenorder. C.Anoverduepayment.12.WhodidJanicecontacttoday?A.AnITtechnician. B.Mr.Franks. C.Herworkmate.【答案】10.C11.A12.C【解析】【原文】W:Hello,thisisJaniceAndersoncalling.MayIspeaktoMr.Franks,please?M:I’mafraidMrFranksisoutoftheofficeatthemoment.Wouldyoulikemetotakeamessage?W:Uhm...actually,thiscallisratherurgent.WespokeyesterdayaboutadeliveryproblemthatMr.Franksmentioned.Didheleaveanyinformationwithyou?M:Yes,hedid.Hesaidthatasalesrepresentativefromyourpanymightbecalling.Healsoaskedmetoaskyouafewquestions.W:Great,I’dlovetoseethisproblemresolvedasquicklyaspossible.M:Well,wedidpayfortheputers,buttheshipmentexpectedlastTuesdayhasn’tarrivedyet.W:Yes,I’mterriblysorryaboutthat.Inthemeantime,I’vespokenwithourdeliverydepartmenttodayandtheyassuredmethattheputerswillbedeliveredbytomorrowmorning.M:Excellent,I’msureMr.Frankswillbepleasedtohearthat.聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】13.WhatdoesMaxthinkisthebestsolutiontohishomesickness?A.Keepinghimselfbusy.B.Goingbackhomeduringbreaks.C.Beingwithhisfamily’spany.14.WhatisMax’sopiniononfilmingunderwater?A.Easy. B.Stressful. C.Boring.15.Whatshouldanunderwaterfilmmakerbegoodat?A.Makingpredictions. B.Dealingwithemergencies. C.Handlingthepressure.16.WhatdoesMaxadviseawouldbefilmmakertodo?A.Investinthebestequipment.B.Practisemakingfilmsclosetohome.C.Traveltoaplacefarawaytomakeafilm.【答案】13.C14.A15.B16.B【解析】【原文】W:SoMax,asanunderwaterfilmmaker,youoftenspendmonthsfarfromhomefilming.Howisthat?M:IcanforgetaboutitondaysthatI’mreallybusy,buttherearen’tmanyofthoseonalongtrip.I’dliketoflybackduringshortbreaksinfilming,butwe’reoftentravelingtootherdestinationsthen.Theidealwouldbeformywifeandchildrentoewithme.I’msurethey’denjoyit.W:Arethereanyqualitieseverygoodunderwaterfilmmakershouldhave?M:Peoplewhodon’tdiveassumethatfilmingunderwaterisreallystressful,whereasIactuallyfeelasathomethereasIdoaboveit.Nature’sunpredictable,sothingsdon’toftengoaccordingtoplans.Anyoneworkinginmyfieldhastobegoodatsortingthesedifficultiesout,andquickly.W:Arethereanysuggestionsyou’dmaketopeoplewhowanttogetajoblikeyours?M:Yougetworkbycreatinggoodfilms.Themistakepeoplemakeistospendwhatevermoneytheyhavepayingforexpensivecamerasandaweekfilminginaremotelocation.Theyendupwithonefilm,whichmayormaynotbeanygood.Improvingyourabilitiesbyworkingonarangeofprojectsnearertowhereyouliveisamuchbetteridea.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】17.WhydoesDonwanttoattendthesale?A.Totrytohelpchildreninneed.B.Tocallfornatureconservation.C.Toattractattentiontohisdaughter’sillness.18.HowoldisJamesChangnow?A.56. B.65. C.69.19.Whosepicturesmightappealtoabstractartenthusiasts?A.DonStudley’s. B.NatalieStevens’s. C.JamesChang’s.20.WhataremostofNatalieStevens’sworksabout?A.Birds. B.People. C.Countries.【答案】17.A18.B19.C20.B【解析】【原文】M:Hereattheartsale,thereareworksofsomelocalartists.OneofthemisDonStudley,whohasaspecialinterestintheartsalebecausehisfiveyearolddaughterwasbornwithaseriousbackproblem.Afteranoperationearlierthisyear,she’snowdoingfine,butDonsayshewantstooffersomethingtohelpotherlessfortunatechildren.HispaintingspresentsomeofourNewZealandbirdsintheirnaturalhabitats.OnerelativenewertoNewZealandisJamesChang,whocameherefromSingaporenineyearsago.Attheageof56,MrChanghad13exhibitionsinSingaporerightbeforehecametolivehereinNewZealand.Hispaintingsarecertainlyworthlookingat—ifyoulikeabstractpictureswithstrongcolorbinations,you’lllovethem.NatalieStevenswasborninNewZealand,andhasexhibitedinChina,AustraliaandSpain.Mostofherworksfeaturelivelyfigures,sowatchout—someofthemmayevenbefriendsofyours.Well,that’sallIhavetimetotellyounow,buttherearemanyotherartistswhoseworkwillbeonsale,sodoealong.第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)：（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ASanFranciscohabitatStewardshelprestoreandpreservethenaturalareasofFortFunston,LandsEnd,andthePresidioofSanFrancisco.habitatrestorationisaproactive(積極行動(dòng)的),handsonwaytobreathenewlifeintodamagedecosystemsandpromoteenvironmentalhealthLearnabouttheplantsandanimalsfoundinourlocalstreams,dunes,grasslands,woodlands,andothernaturallandscapes.Activitiesoftenincludeweeding,planting,watering,debriscleanup,orspreadingmulch(護(hù)根).GroupsGroupsoffiveormorerequirespecialarrangementsandmustbeconfirmedinadvance.VisitourGroupsvolunteerpagetolearnmore.When:Thursdays,14pm;RegistrationRequired.Where:RotatingNationalParklandsinSanFrancisco,includingFortFunston,LandsEnd,CrissyFieldandotherPresidiosites.Specificmeetinglocationwillbelistedintheregistrationconfirmationemail.Age,Skills,WhattoBringVolunteersofallagesarewele.ReadourYouthPolicyGuidelinesforyoungeryouth.BringyourpletedVolunteerAgreementForm.Volunteersundertheageof18musthavetheparentapprovalsectionsigned.We’llbeworkingrainorshine.Wearclothesthatcangetdirty.Longpantsandclosedtoeshoesarerequired.Bringlayersforchangingweatherandraingearifnecessary.Bringapersonalwaterbottleandsunscreen.Noexperienceisnecessary.Trainingandtoolswillbeprovided.Fulfillmunityservicerequirements.21.WhatisthemainpurposeoftheSanFranciscohabitatStewardsprogram?A.Tohelpreconstructandprotectecosystems. B.Toteachpeopleaboutenvironmentalscience.C.Toorganizetouristactivitiesinnationalparks. D.ToprovidejobsforvolunteersinSanFrancisco.22.Whatcanwelearnaboutthevolunteeringactivity?A.Itisopenonlytogroups. B.Itisheldatvariousparksites.C.Itisorganizedindoorsonrainydays. D.Itisunavailableonweekdays.23.Whichofthefollowingisarequirementforvolunteersunder18?A.Theymusthavepreviousgardeningexperience.B.Theymustgetsignedpermissionfromparents.C.Theymustbeacpaniedbyafamilymember.D.Theymustwearclosedtoeshoesandshortpants.【答案】21.A22.B23.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹舊金山棲息地管理員項(xiàng)目的宗旨、志愿活動(dòng)安排及對(duì)志愿者的要求?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“SanFranciscohabitatStewardshelprestoreandpreservethenaturalareasofFortFunston,LandsEnd,andthePresidioofSanFrancisco.Habitatrestorationisaproactive,handsonwaytobreathenewlifeintodamagedecosystemsandpromoteenvironmentalhealth.(舊金山棲息地管理員幫助修復(fù)和保護(hù)芬斯頓堡、LandsEnd和舊金山普雷西迪奧的自然區(qū)域。棲息地修復(fù)是一種積極主動(dòng)、親身實(shí)踐的方式，為受損的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)注入新的活力，促進(jìn)環(huán)境健康)”可知，該項(xiàng)目的主要目的是幫助重建和保護(hù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選A項(xiàng)。【22題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Where部分中的“RotatingNationalParklandsinSanFrancisco,includingFortFunston,LandsEnd,CrissyFieldandotherPresidiosites.(在舊金山的國(guó)家公園輪流舉行，包括芬斯頓堡、LandsEnd、克里西菲爾德和其他普雷西迪奧遺址)”可知，志愿活動(dòng)在多個(gè)公園地點(diǎn)舉行。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Age,Skills,WhattoBring部分中的“Volunteersundertheageof18musthavetheparentapprovalsectionsigned.”(18歲以下的志愿者必須簽署家長(zhǎng)同意部分)”可知，18歲以下志愿者需獲得家長(zhǎng)的書面許可。故選B項(xiàng)。BWhilewalkingonthesidewalk,weoftenencountersmall,sharpstonesthatwemayjustkickaside.Yet,tostoneenthusiasts,theselittlerocksrevealafascinatingworld.JinHuilin,34,amemberoftheNanjingYuhuaStoneCulturalExchangeAssociationstartedobservingstonesattheageof23inNanjing,Jiangsu.HewasinstantlygrabbedbythebeautyofYuhuastones,describingthemas“exceptionallyenchanting”.NanjingYuhuastoneisatypeofornamentalwaterwornstonemainlyfoundinareaslikeNanjingandYizheng.Itisknownforitsjadeliketexture,brightcolors,delicatesize,andrichdesigns.WhenaYuhuastoneisdry,itappearsasnondescriptgrey,makingitdifficulttodetectitstruequality.JinandhisfriendsusedtogotominingsitesinLuhu,Nanjing,onrainydays,wearingrubbershoestocollectYuhuastones.Therainwaterbroughtoutdetailedpatternsonthestones.“Ifit’snotraining,it’sbesttocarryabottletospraythesurfaceofthesestoneswithwater.Youcansometimesuncoveragate(瑪瑙)orevenfossils.”Jinsaid.AccordingtoJin,appreciatingstonesstartswiththeirexternalqualitiesliketexture,color,andpatterns.However,“genuineappreciationoftheculturalreferencesofthestonesrequiresculturalknowledge;otherwise,theymightseemlikemereblocksofcolor,”saidJin.Withrelatedculturalknowledgeandimagination,peopleseedifferentpatternsaccordingtothetexturesandshapesofstones—suchasweatherbeatentrees,loftypeaks,roaringwaterfalls,greenlotus,oragedscholars.“So,observingstonesis,inaway,observingoneself.Thestonesapersonchoosesastheirfavoritesultimatelyreflecttheirculturalawareness.”Jinadded.Apartfromwaterappreciationinwhichpeopleobservepatternsofstonesinthewater,Jinmentionedthatenthusiastsalsohaveotherwaystoappreciatestones.Hegavesomeexamples.“Somepeopleenjoyholdingstonesintheirhand,appreciatingtheiruniquetextures,orusingstronglighttorevealhiddenpatternsthatareevenmorebeautiful.Otherschoosetoplacethestoneonthedesk,invitingadmirationfromguestswhoappreciatethestonefromvariousangles.”saidJin.ForJin,stoneobservationbringsjoyandfreshnesstohislife.“Somepeopleliketohavelivelypetsaspanions,whileIpreferstonesfortheireverlastingnature.”Jinnoted.24.WhydidJinandhisfriendscollectstonesonrainydays?A.Becauserainwatermadethestoneseasiertocarry.B.Becausewetstonesweremorevaluableinthemarket.C.Becauserainydayspreventedothersfromcollectingstones.D.Becauserainwaterrevealedthehiddenpatternsofthestones.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“nondescript”inparagraph4mostprobablymean?A.Plain. B.Shiny. C.Unique. D.Colorful.26.WhatdoesJinHuilinsuggestaboutstoneappreciation?A.Itessentiallyreliesontheobserver’sculturalperspectives.B.Itisideallyconductedamongenthusiastsonsocialoccasions.C.Itspeciallyfocusesonexaminingrocks’featuresonrainydays.D.Itgenerallyrequiresadvancedequipmenttoseetheirtruebeauty.27.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.AMasterofStoneAppreciation B.Observingstones,ReflectingSelfC.TheArtofMakingYuhuastones D.Identifyingstones,AppreciatingNature【答案】24.D25.A26.A27.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了南京雨花石愛好者金慧林的尋石、賞石經(jīng)歷，介紹了雨花石的特點(diǎn)、鑒賞方法及背后的文化內(nèi)涵?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“JinandhisfriendsusedtogotominingsitesinLuhu,Nanjing,onrainydays,wearingrubbershoestocollectYuhuastones.Therainwaterbroughtoutdetailedpatternsonthestones.(金和他的朋友們過去常在雨天穿著膠鞋去南京陸湖的礦區(qū)收集雨花石。雨水使石頭上的紋理更加清晰)”可知，雨水能顯現(xiàn)石頭上的細(xì)致紋路是金和他的朋友們?cè)谟晏焓占^的原因。故選D?！?5題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段劃線詞nondescript前面的“WhenaYuhuastoneisdry(當(dāng)雨花石干燥時(shí))”和后面的“makingitdifficulttodetectitstruequality(這使得很難察覺其真正的品質(zhì))”可知，干燥時(shí)的石頭難以察覺真實(shí)品質(zhì)。劃線詞nondescript應(yīng)含有“平淡的、沒有特色的”之意。故選A?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“genuineappreciationoftheculturalreferencesofthestonesrequiresculturalknowledge;otherwise,theymightseemlikemereblocksofcolor,saidJin.Withrelatedculturalknowledgeandimagination,peopleseedifferentpatternsaccordingtothetexturesandshapesofstones—suchasweatherbeatentrees,loftypeaks,roaringwaterfalls,greenlotus,oragedscholars.So,observingstonesis,inaway,observingoneself.Thestonesapersonchoosesastheirfavoritesultimatelyreflecttheirculturalawareness.(金說，要真正欣賞石頭所蘊(yùn)含的文化內(nèi)涵，需要具備文化知識(shí)；否則，它們可能看起來只是一塊塊彩色的石頭。有了相關(guān)的文化知識(shí)和想象力，人們會(huì)根據(jù)石頭的紋理和形狀看到不同的圖案，比如飽經(jīng)風(fēng)霜的樹木、高聳的山峰、轟鳴的瀑布、綠色的蓮花，或者年邁的學(xué)者。所以，賞石在某種程度上就是審視自己。一個(gè)人所鐘愛的石頭最終反映了他的文化意識(shí))”可推知，金慧林強(qiáng)調(diào)真正的鑒賞需要文化知識(shí)，且喜歡的石頭反映文化認(rèn)知，即鑒賞本質(zhì)依賴觀察者的文化知識(shí)與認(rèn)知。故選A?！?7題詳解】主旨大意題。本文的第五段是核心升華段，根據(jù)該段中的“So,observingstonesis,inaway,observingoneself.Thestonesapersonchoosesastheirfavoritesultimatelyreflecttheirculturalawareness.(所以，賞石在某種程度上就是審視自己。一個(gè)人所鐘愛的石頭最終反映了他的文化意識(shí))”是主旨句，是作者通過雨花石愛好者金慧林的經(jīng)歷想傳遞的核心思想。由此可知，B項(xiàng)Observingstones,ReflectingSelf(觀石見己)與之相吻合，可作本文標(biāo)題。故選B。CSHOULDchimpanzeeshaverights?Whataboutelephants?Orants?Ormicroorganisms(微生物)?ThesequestionsareattheheartofTheMoralCircle,acrisplyarguedbookbyJeffSebo,whohasspentyearsarguingthatconsciousnessiswidespreadintheanimalkingdomandthatweshouldextendourmoralcircletoenpassmanymoretypesofcreaturethanwedoatpresent.Sebosetsouttodemonstratethatweshouldtakeanimalconsciousnessseriouslywhenwedecidehowtotreatothercreatures.Thescientificevidenceforanimalconsciousnessisgrowing,fromreportsofmonkeysanddolphinsapparentlycallingeachotherbyname,aswellasevidenceofvividdreamsinoctopuses.However,Sebo’saimisn’ttoconvinceusthatparticularspeciesareconscious.Hemakesapointthatisbothsimpleandprofound:waitingforabsolutecertaintyisamistake.Wecanneverbe100percentsureifanotherbeingisconscious.Butmostofusstillactasifotherpeopleareconsciousbeingswithfeelingsandrights.Rightnow,wearen’tentirelysurewhetherchimpsorelephantsareconsciousandweareveryuncertainaboutants—butinallthreecases,itisadistinctpossibility.Thatmeanswemusttreatthemwithsomedegreeofmoralconcern.Thisprobabilisticargumentisbothrefreshingandmonsensical.Itreflectsthetruthofourexperienceofanimals,anditencouragesadegreeofkindnessandconsiderationwithoutimposingdogmatic(武斷的，自以為是的)standards.Seboisn’tsayingthatweshouldnecessarilytreatachimpanzeeoranantasequivalenttoahuman,butevenifwedon’t,thereisplentyofroomforustoextendthemmorecarethanwedoatthemoment.MyoneconcernisthatSebomaysimplybewritingatthewrongtime.Weliveinanagewheremanyofourleadersaretryingtotakerightsawayfrommanypeople,rangingfromtransgenderpeopleandmigrantstowomeninAfghanistan.Theprospectofextendingrightstoanimalslikechimpsandelephants,letalonesquidsandflies,seemsveryfaraway.Butperhapsitisintimeslikethesethatweneedcallsforwiderempathymostofall.28.WhatisthecentralthemeofJeffSebo’sbookTheMoralCircle?A.Thehistoryofanimalconsciousnessresearch.B.Thewidespreadconsciousnessofanimalrights.C.Theexpansionofthemoralconsiderationtomorecreatures.D.Theparisonofconsciousnessbetweenanimalandhuman.29.IfSebo’sargumentwerewidelyaccepted,whichofthefollowingwouldbealikelyresult?A.Thereductioninbiodiversity.B.Moreconcernsovernaturepreservation.C.Areevaluationofhumancenteredpolicies.D.Auniversalagreementontherightsofallspecies.30.Whatistheauthor’sworryaboutJeffSebo’sargument?A.Theproposalisshortsightedandimpractical.B.Peoplewouldnotconsideritworthwhiletodebate.C.Itistoughtoconductinsuchsociopoliticalclimate.D.Itisunnecessarygiventhecurrenthumanrightsissues.31.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?A.TointerpretthecorepointconveyedinTheMoralCircle.B.Topresentevidencethatallanimalspossessconsciousness.C.Tocriticizethecurrentpoliticalsystemsforneglectinghumanrights.D.Tohighlightrecentscientificdiscoveriesaboutanimalconsciousness.【答案】28.C29.C30.C31.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要圍繞JeffSebo的著作《道德圈》，探討應(yīng)將道德關(guān)懷擴(kuò)展到更多生物的核心觀點(diǎn)及相關(guān)思考。【28題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“ThesequestionsareattheheartofTheMoralCircle,acrisplyarguedbookbyJeffSebo,whohasspentyearsarguingthatconsciousnessiswidespreadintheanimalkingdomandthatweshouldextendourmoralcircletoenpassmanymoretypesofcreaturethanwedoatpresent.(這些問題是JeffSebo的著作《道德圈》的核心。他多年來一直認(rèn)為，意識(shí)在動(dòng)物界普遍存在，我們應(yīng)該擴(kuò)大道德圈，將更多種類的生物納入其中，而不僅僅是目前所涵蓋的)”可知，該書的核心主題是將道德關(guān)懷擴(kuò)展到更多生物。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thatmeanswemusttreatthemwithsomedegreeofmoralconcern.(這意味著我們必須給予它們一定程度的道德關(guān)懷)”和第四段中的“Seboisn’tsayingthatweshouldnecessarilytreatachimpanzeeoranantasequivalenttoahuman,butevenifwedon’t,thereisplentyofroomforustoextendthemmorecarethanwedoatthemoment.(Sebo并不是說我們必須把黑猩猩或螞蟻等同于人類，但即使不這樣做，我們也有很大的空間給予它們比現(xiàn)在更多的關(guān)懷)”可知，Sebo的核心主張是將道德關(guān)懷擴(kuò)展到更多生物，打破當(dāng)前以人類為中心的道德邊界。若該觀點(diǎn)被廣泛接受，人們會(huì)重新審視“人類優(yōu)先”的現(xiàn)有邏輯，進(jìn)而可能引發(fā)對(duì)人類中心主義政策的重新評(píng)估。故選C項(xiàng)。【30題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Weliveinanagewheremanyofourleadersaretryingtotakerightsawayfrommanypeople,rangingfromtransgenderpeopleandmigrantstowomeninAfghanistan.Theprospectofextendingrightstoanimalslikechimpsandelephants,letalonesquidsandflies,seemsveryfaraway.(我們生活在一個(gè)許多領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人試圖剝奪許多人權(quán)利，從跨性別者、移民到阿富汗婦女，的時(shí)代。將權(quán)利擴(kuò)展到黑猩猩和大象等動(dòng)物身上的前景，更不用說魷魚和蒼蠅了，似乎還很遙遠(yuǎn))”可知，作者擔(dān)心在當(dāng)前的社會(huì)政治環(huán)境下，Sebo的主張難以推行。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，并結(jié)合第一段“SHOULDchimpanzeeshaverights?Whataboutelephants?Orants?Ormicroorganisms(微生物)?ThesequestionsareattheheartofTheMoralCircle,acrisplyarguedbookbyJeffSebo,whohasspentyearsarguingthatconsciousnessiswidespreadintheanimalkingdomandthatweshouldextendourmoralcircletoenpassmanymoretypesofcreaturethanwedoatpresent.(黑猩猩應(yīng)該有權(quán)利嗎？大象呢？還是螞蟻？還是微生物？這些問題是杰夫?塞博在《道德圈》一書中的核心內(nèi)容。Sebo多年來一直在論證，意識(shí)在動(dòng)物王國(guó)中是普遍存在的，我們應(yīng)該擴(kuò)大我們的道德圈，將更多種類的生物納入其中)”可知，第一段引出《道德圈》的核心問題與作者觀點(diǎn)，第二至四段闡釋書中關(guān)鍵論證，第五段表達(dá)作者對(duì)該觀點(diǎn)推行的擔(dān)憂，整體圍繞解讀《道德圈》傳達(dá)的核心觀點(diǎn)展開。由此推知，作者寫本文的目的是解讀《道德圈》的核心觀點(diǎn)。故選A項(xiàng)。DInatwistofmodernconsumerpsychology,wearenowfortableinjectingsynthetic(人工合成的)substancesintoourfaces,yetshyawayfromthethoughtofputtingtheminourmouths.Whileweembracesyntheticswhenitestobeauty,wecontinuetodrawthelineatourlunch.Alternativeproteins,fromplantbasedfakemeattolabgrownmeat,struggleforpublicacceptancedespiteclearbenefits,includingfarlowergreenhousegasemissionsandnoanimalwelfareissues.Oneexplanationforthisisourstrangeadmirationfor“natural”asshorthandforpurity,authenticityandsafety.Thispreferenceisknownasthe“naturalnessbias”inpsychologyanditunderlieswhywedrawbackfrom“syntheticmeat”evenwhenitislessriskythanindustrialfarming.Thispreferenceisn’tunreasonablesomuchasoldfashioned.Forearlyhumans,avoidingunfamiliarfoodwasasurvivaltool,asastrongdisgustresponseprotectedusagainsttakingpollutedfood.Butourinstinctshaven’tkeptpacewithinnovationandwhatisnowconsideredthe“natural”choicemaybetheonecarryingsignificantrisk.Ifwearetomeettheproteinneedsofaglobalpopulationapproaching10billionbymidcentury,foodinnovationisn’tachoice,butanecessity.Livestockfarming’slanduse,waterconsumptionandemissionsfootprintsareunsustainableatscale.Cultivatedmeatareviablealternatives,butconsumerscepticism,fuelledbyoutdatedbeliefs,isslowingtheiradoption.Onewayforwardistransparency(透明度):explainingalternativeproteinproductionprocessestoconsumersandlinkingthesetofamiliaroneslikecheesemakingorbeerbrewing.Equally,wemustbewillingtobreakthemyththatmeat,asitisconsumedtoday,issomehow“natural”.Atypicalsupermarketpackofsausagesistheresultofalongprocessinvolvingfeedadditives,geneticselectionandindustrialkilling.Ifweareunfortablewiththeword“synthetic”,wemightdowelltoconsiderwhatconventionalmeatproductionactuallycontains.Ourbiastowardsthenaturaloncekeptusalive.Nowitmaybepreventingusfromembracingtheverytechnologiesthatareessentialtoourlongtermfoodsecurity,environmentalstabilityandevenpublichealth.Afterall,ifwehaveweledsyntheticsintoourlivesandourbodies,perhapsitistimetoextendthatpragmatism(實(shí)用主義)toourplates.32.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“atwistofmodernconsumerpsychology”?A.People’spsychologyhasnowbeetwistedandplicated.B.Psychologystudieshavetakenanewturninconsumerresearch.C.Alternativeproteinsarebeneficialyetundesirableamongconsumers.D.Consumersholdcontradictoryattitudestowardssyntheticsindifferentproducts.33.Accordingtoparagraphs2and3,whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthe“naturalnessbias”?A.Itisapletelyunreasonablefearofnewtechnology.B.Ithasbeeneasilyoverebyrecentfoodinnovations.C.Itwasoncealogicalsurvivaltoolbutmaybeunsuitabletoday.D.Itprotectspeoplefromsignificantrisksinthemodernfoodsystem.34.Whatisaremendedapproachtoincreasingpublicacceptanceofalternativeproteins?A.Makingtheunfamiliarproductionprocessmorerelatable.B.Focusingonbalancingtheflavourjustlikeconventionalmeat.C.Maintainingthemythabouttheirproductiontoavoidpublicfear.D.Adaptingtheirproductionprocesstobemoreindustrialandefficient.35.Whatistheauthor’soverallattitudetowardsalternativeproteins?A.Critical. B.Neutral. C.Uncertain. D.Supportive.【答案】32.D33.C34.A35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章指出消費(fèi)者對(duì)合成物存在“自然偏好”偏見，雖接受美容中的合成物，卻抗拒替代蛋白，而替代蛋白利于環(huán)保與動(dòng)物福利，是未來剛需，需通過提升透明度等方式增進(jìn)公眾接受度。【32題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段“Inatwistofmodernconsumerpsychology,wearenowfortableinjectingsyntheticsubstancesintoourfaces,yetshyawayfromthethoughtofputtingtheminourmouths.Whileweembracesyntheticswhenitestobeauty,wecontinuetodrawthelineatourlunch.(在現(xiàn)代消費(fèi)者心理的轉(zhuǎn)變中，我們現(xiàn)在敢于將人工合成的物質(zhì)注射到臉上，但卻不愿將它們放進(jìn)嘴里。在美容方面我們欣然接受人工制品，但在飲食方面我們卻始終堅(jiān)守底線)”可知，作者所說的“現(xiàn)代消費(fèi)者心理的一種扭曲”指的是消費(fèi)者對(duì)不同產(chǎn)品中的合成材料持有相互矛盾的態(tài)度。故選D。【33題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Forearlyhumans,avoidingunfamiliarfoodwasasurvivaltool,asastrongdisgustresponseprotectedusagainsttakingpollutedfood.(對(duì)于早期人類而言，避免食用陌生的食物是一種生存手段，因?yàn)閺?qiáng)烈的厭惡反應(yīng)能保護(hù)我們不食用受污染的食物)”以及第三段“Butourinstinctshaven’tkeptpacewithinnovationandwhatisnowconsideredthe“natural”choicemaybetheonecarryingsignificantrisk.(但我們的直覺卻未能跟上創(chuàng)新的步伐，如今被視為“自然的”的選擇，或許恰恰是風(fēng)險(xiǎn)最大的那一個(gè))”可知，C選項(xiàng)“它曾經(jīng)是一種有效的生存手段，但如今可能已不再適用”正確。故選C。【34題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Onewayforwardistransparency:explainingalternativeproteinproductionprocessestoconsumersandlinkingthesetofamiliaroneslikecheesemakingorbeerbrewing.(一種可行的途徑是提高透明度：向消費(fèi)者解釋替代蛋白質(zhì)的生產(chǎn)流程，并將其與人們熟知的諸如奶酪制作或啤酒釀造等流程相聯(lián)系)”可知，提高公眾對(duì)替代蛋白質(zhì)接受度的推薦方法是使不為人知的生產(chǎn)過程更具可理解性。故選A。【35題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Alternativeproteins,fromplantbasedfakemeattolabgrownmeat,struggleforpublicacceptancedespiteclearbenefits,includingfarlowergreenhousegasemissionsandnoanimalwelfareissues.(從植物基人造肉到實(shí)驗(yàn)室培育肉等各種替代蛋白質(zhì)產(chǎn)品，盡管具有諸多明顯優(yōu)勢(shì)（比如溫室氣體排放量極低且不存在動(dòng)物福利問題），但它們?nèi)噪y以獲得公眾的認(rèn)可)”可知，作者開篇指出替代蛋白的顯著優(yōu)勢(shì)（低排放、無動(dòng)物福利問題），強(qiáng)調(diào)其是滿足未來全球蛋白需求的必要選擇，批評(píng)“自然偏好”阻礙其推廣，并給出提升接受度的建議?？芍?，作者對(duì)替代蛋白質(zhì)的整體態(tài)度是支持的。故選D。第二節(jié)：（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該選項(xiàng)標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Breakingbadnewsisneveraneasytask.____36____