UNIT5

HUMANSANDNATUREcomment

n.

評論；意見Comments評論·The

director

was

not

available

for

comment.

經(jīng)理抽不出時間來評論。makeacomment/commentson/about對……作出評論commenton/upon對……作出評論nocomment無可奉告·She

made

helpful

comments

on

my

work.

她對我的工作提出了有益的意見?！

don’t

feel

I

can

comment

on

their

decision.

我覺得我無法對他們的決定作出評論。·No

comment.

I

don’t

know

anything.

無可奉告。我什么都不知道。shockvt.

使震驚；使難以置信The

two

students

were

shocked

at

the

lecture

on

nature.

這兩個學(xué)生對那個有關(guān)自然的講座感到震驚?！he

news

shocked

the

public,leading

to

great

concern

about

students’safety

at

school.

這則新聞令公眾震驚，人們也因此更加關(guān)注學(xué)生的在校安全。inshock震驚地；休克·He

isn’t

seriously

injured

but

he

is

in

shock.

他傷得不重，但處于休克狀態(tài)。beshockedby/at...對……感到震驚beshockedtodo...因做……而震驚·We

were

all

shocked

at

the

news

of

his

death.

聽到他的死訊，我們都感到震驚?！isitors

to

the

slums

were

clearly

shocked

to

see

so

many

families

living

in

want.

到訪貧民窟的人看到有這么多的家庭生活在貧苦之中顯然震驚不已。

shocked&shockingshockedadj.

驚愕的，(感到)震驚的，常用來修飾人。shockingadj.

令人震驚的，常用來修飾事或物?！his

was

a

nasty

attack

and

the

woman

is

still

very

shocked.

這是一次惡意襲擊，那個女人仍然驚駭不已?！t

is

shocking

that

they

involved

children

in

the

crime.

令人發(fā)指的是，他們教唆兒童參與犯罪活動。millionn.

百萬Amazing,isn’t

it？

And

there

are

three

million

private

gardens.

很神奇，不是嗎？(這座城市里)有三百萬座私人花園?！illions

of

people

all

over

China

were

watching

TV

when

the

spaceship

landed

safely.

當(dāng)宇宙飛船安全著陸時，全中國數(shù)百萬人都在看電視。

million&millions

of1.

當(dāng)million前帶有具體的數(shù)詞，表示具體的數(shù)目時，用單數(shù)形式。2.

當(dāng)million后接of表示籠統(tǒng)數(shù)目時，用復(fù)數(shù)形式?！ast

year

the

company

returned

a

loss

of

￡157

million.

去年，公司的虧損達1.57億英鎊。·The

programme

attracted

millions

of

viewers.

這個節(jié)目吸引了數(shù)百萬電視觀眾。turn

one’s

back

(on

sb/sth)

對……置之不理，對……撒手不管Nature

got

hurt,felt

pain,and

finally

turned

its

back

on

us.大自然受到傷害，感到痛苦，最終拋棄了我們?！ow

can

you

turn

your

back

on

your

own

mother？你怎么能夠不管你的媽媽呢？turnoff關(guān)掉turndown調(diào)低(音量)；拒絕(建議、要求等)turnout結(jié)果是；證明是turnto求助于；轉(zhuǎn)向inturn依次byturns輪流；交替地·The

light’s

a

bit

too

harsh.

You

can

turn

it

off.

燈光有點太刺眼了。你可以把燈關(guān)掉?！efore

this

I’d

have

smiled

and

turned

her

down.

在這之前，我本該笑著拒絕她。·They

think

it’ll

turn

out

for

the

best.

他們覺得結(jié)果會是最好的?！n

times

of

crisis

I

know

which

friends

I

can

turn

to.在危難關(guān)頭我知道能投靠哪些朋友?！he

girls

took

it

in

turn

to

wipe

down

the

tables

after

meals.女孩子們飯后輪流擦桌子?！he

suggestion

that

we

clean

the

classroom

by

turns

is

very

good.我們輪流打掃教室的這個建議很好。

have

learnt

from

a

lecture

about

nature.兩個學(xué)生正在談?wù)撍麄儚囊粓鲫P(guān)于自然的講座中學(xué)到的東西。

本句中what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中作learnt的賓語。what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句相當(dāng)于名詞的作用，可作主語、賓語或表語?！hat

you

have

done

might

do

harm

to

others.

你所做的事情可能會傷害別人?！eading

her

biography,I

was

lost

in

admiration

for

what

Doris

Lessing

had

achieved

in

literature.

讀了多麗絲·萊辛的傳記，我對她在文學(xué)上獲得的成就欽佩不已?！e

isn’t

what

he

used

to

be.

他不再是以前的他了。escape

vi.

&

vt.

逃離；逃避Without

waiting,I

jumped

into

the

sea

to

try

and

escape.

我沒有等下去，而是跳入海中試圖逃生?！e

escaped

being

killed

in

the

explosion

because

he

had

not

gone

to

work.

他因沒有去上班而在那次爆炸中幸免于難。escapefrom/outof...從……中逃脫escape(doing)

sth避免/逃脫(做)某事makeone’sescape逃走·He

escaped

from

prison

this

morning.

他今天早上從監(jiān)獄里逃跑了?！e

narrowly

escaped

being

killed.

他險些喪命?！he

man

made

his

escape.

那個男人逃跑了。survivevi.

&

vt.

活下來；幸存A

fisherman

is

trying

to

survive

a

storm.

一個漁民正試著在暴風(fēng)雨中掙扎求生。·Life

isn’t

about

how

to

survive

the

storm；

it’s

about

learning

to

dance

in

the

rain.

生活不在于如何在暴風(fēng)雨中幸存，而在于學(xué)會在雨中起舞。survivesb

(by...)

比……活得長(多長時間)surviveon...靠……存活下來survivefrom...從……存活下來/流傳下來·She

survived

her

husband

by

ten

years.

她丈夫死后她又活了十年?！

can’t

survive

on

￡40

a

week

(＝

it

is

not

enough

for

my

basic

needs).

一星期40英鎊，我無法維持生活。·Some

strange

customs

have

survived

from

earlier

times.

有些奇怪的風(fēng)俗是早年留存下來的。survivorn.

幸存者survivaln.

幸存；生存·There

are

only

a

few

survivors

from

the

original

team.

最初的隊員只剩下幾名了。·His

only

chance

of

survival

was

a

heart

transplant.

只有進行心臟移植，他才有望活下去。frightenedadj.

受驚的，害怕的The

moment

I

heard

the

word

I

became

very

frightened.

一聽到這個詞，我感到十分害怕?！

was

so

frightened

that

I

closed

my

eyes.

我是如此的害怕以至于我閉上了眼睛。befrightenedtodo...嚇得不敢做……befrightenedof/that...害怕……·She

was

frightened

that

the

plane

would

crash.

她害怕飛機會墜毀。frighteningadj.

令人驚恐的，駭人的frightenv.

使驚恐，使害怕·It’s

frightening

to

think

it

could

happen

again.

想到此事可能再次發(fā)生就使人不寒而栗。curiousadj.

好奇的After

a

while,I

became

curious

about

the

whirlpool

itself.

過了一會兒，我開始對漩渦本身感到好奇?！ぁ癢hy

do

you

want

to

know

that？”

he

demanded.

“Just

curious.

That’s

all.”

“你為什么想了解它？”他質(zhì)問道?！爸皇呛闷?。僅此而已?！眀ecuriousabout...對……感到好奇becurioustodosth

很想做某事·They

were

very

curious

about

the

people

who

lived

upstairs.

他們對住在樓上的人感到很好奇?！

was

curious

to

find

out

what

she

had

said.

我很想弄清楚她說了些什么。curiouslyadv.

好奇地curiosityn.

好奇心outofcuriosity出于好奇showcuriosityabout...對……顯示出好奇心·His

clothes

were

curiously

old-fashioned.

他的衣服式樣陳舊古怪?！ophie’s

curiosity

was

aroused

by

the

mysterious

phone

call.

那通神秘的電話引起了索菲的好奇心。·I

asked

out

of

curiosity.我出于好奇問了問。·Children

show

curiosity

about

everything.

兒童對一切事物都顯露出好奇心。observationn.

觀察；觀察結(jié)果I

then

made

three

important

observations.

之后，我得出了三個重要的觀察結(jié)果。·He

has

good

powers

of

observation.

他有很強的觀察力。observev.

看到，注意到；觀察，注視，監(jiān)視；遵守(規(guī)則、法律等)；慶祝，慶賀；說話，評論observesbdo/doingsth看到某人做/正在做某事observethat...注意到……observern.

觀察者；目擊者·The

police

observed

a

man

enter

the

bank.

警察注意到一個男人走進了銀行?！he

observed

that

all

the

chairs

were

already

occupied.

她注意到所有的椅子都已經(jīng)有人坐了?！ccording

to

observers,the

plane

exploded

shortly

after

take-off.

據(jù)目擊者說，飛機起飛后不久就爆炸了。equaladj.

相等的；相同的...

the

second,between

two

objects

of

equal

extent,round

objects

fell

down

more

rapidly...

……第二，在兩個同等面積的物體之間，圓形物體下落得更快……·He

is

equal

to

Tom

in

ability.他和湯姆能力相當(dāng)。beequalin在……方面相等/比得上beequaltosth/doingsth

等于……；與……相等；勝任……betheequalof...與……相等/不相上下·We

are

equal

in

every

way.

我們在各個方面都是平等的?！

hope

that

he

proves

equal

to

the

challenge.

我希望他最后能應(yīng)對這一挑戰(zhàn)?！ur

cars

are

the

equal

of

those

produced

anywhere

in

the

world.

我們的汽車可與世界上任何地方生產(chǎn)的汽車媲美。equallyadv.

相等地；同樣地equalityn.

平等·Diet

and

exercise

are

equally

important.

飲食和鍛煉同樣重要?！on’t

you

believe

in

equality

between

men

and

women？難道你不相信男女平等嗎？on

the

edge

of在……邊緣；某事快要發(fā)生(尤指不好的事)...

when

we

were

on

the

edge

of

the

whirlpool,I

felt

calmer

than

when

we

were

moving

towards

it.

……當(dāng)我們在漩渦邊緣的時候，我覺得自己比向它移動時更平靜?！lthough

the

old

man

was

on

the

edge

of

death,he

still

fought

with

the

disease

bravely.

雖然這個老人生命垂危，但他仍然勇敢地與疾病斗爭。ontheedgeof&attheedgeof1.ontheedgeof在……的邊緣；某事快要發(fā)生(尤指不好的事)，可以指抽象事物的邊緣。2.attheedgeof在……邊上，只能指現(xiàn)實事物的邊緣?！ang

Ping’s

team

was

on

the

edge

of

falling

apart,but

she

never

lost

heart

and

led

her

team

to

victory

one

after

another.郎平的隊伍處于崩潰的邊緣，但她從不灰心，帶領(lǐng)她的隊伍贏得了一個又一個的勝利。·He

came

to

a

halt

at

the

edge

of

a

steep

incline.他在一個陡坡邊上停住了。pick

up拾起，撿起；開車接人；學(xué)會；接收；好轉(zhuǎn)；營救，搭救In

the

end,a

boat

picked

me

up.

最后，一條船上的人把我救了起來?！t

is

surprising

that

your

brother

picked

up

Russian

so

quickly.

你弟弟學(xué)習(xí)俄語很快，真是令人驚奇。pickon挑選；故意挑刺；欺負pickout選出；辨別出·It’s

time

you

pick

on

someone

your

own

size！你是時候挑個跟你差不多大的人了！·He

could

pick

out

a

good

cook

in

a

crowd.他能在一群人中選出一個好廚師來。

“Ittakessbsometimetodosth”句型中的it是形式主語，真正的主語是后面的動詞不定式?！t

takes

about

half

an

hour

to

get

to

the

airport.

到機場大概花了半小時。take/pay/spend/cost詞語主語賓語常用結(jié)構(gòu)take事時間Ittakessbsometimetodosthpay人金錢sbpaysmoneyforsthspend人時間/金錢sbspendsmoney/time(in)doingsth/onsthcost物金錢sthcostssbsomemoney·It

took

the

expert

3

years

to

build

the

bridge.

那位專家花了3年時間建造這座橋。·He

paid

his

workers

a

200

yuan

bonus

for

the

recent

national

holiday.

在過去的這個國慶假期里，他付給他的工人們200元的獎金?！e

spent

all

his

savings

on

a

new

car.

他把全部積蓄都花在一輛新車上了。·Books

on

computers

cost

me

￥100

each

month.

我每月花100元購買電腦方面的書。

?

本句含有句式“thereasonwhy...isthat...”，意為“……的原因是……”，reason是定語從句的先行詞，why引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作狀語，that引導(dǎo)表語從句?！he

only

reason

why

I

came

was

that

I

wanted

to

meet

your

friends.

我來這里的唯一理由是我想見你的朋友們。reason常用句式：

thereason后面用why或forwhich還是用that或which,取決于其在定語從句中所作的句子成分。缺少主語、賓語或表語時用that或which,不缺少主語、賓語或表語時用why或forwhich?！here

are

various

reasons

why

people

write

poetry.

人們寫詩的原因是多種多樣的?！here

are

various

reasons

that

impel

me

to

that

conclusion.有各種原因促使我得出那個結(jié)論。rescue

n.

&

vt.

營救；救援Search

and

rescue

vehicles

are

brought

into

destroyed

areas.

搜索和救援車輛開到了破壞嚴重的地區(qū)。·The

car

was

buried

by

the

landslide,and

then

the

rescue

team

came

to

its

rescue.

這輛車因滑坡被埋，隨后救援隊前來救援。come/gotoone’srescue來/去營救某人rescuesbfrom將某人從……中解救出來·A

wealthy

benefactor

came

to

their

rescue

with

a

generous

donation.

一位富有的贊助人慷慨解囊挽救了他們?！e

rescued

a

child

from

drowning.

他救起了一名落水兒童。rescuern.

營救人員·Rescuers

found

victims

trapped

several

feet

underground.營救人員發(fā)現(xiàn)有受害者被困在地下幾英尺處。attemptn.

&

vt.

努力，嘗試，企圖Then

decide

if

the

sentences

contain

a

main

idea(MI)

about

rescue

attempts

or

a

detail(D).

然后判斷句子中是否包含關(guān)于救援嘗試的主旨或細節(jié)。·Two

factories

were

closed

in

an

attempt

to

cut

costs.

為削減費用，關(guān)閉了兩家工廠。

Mattempt

todo...嘗試(試圖)做……makeanattempttodo/atdoing...嘗試做……·They

attempted

to

climb

that

hill./They

made

an

attempt

to

climb/at

climbing

that

hill.

他們試圖攀登那座小山?！he

couple

made

an

unsuccessful

attempt

at

a

compromise.

這對夫婦試圖和解但未成功。attemptedadj.

未遂的·Part

Three

is

on

the

investigated

duty

of

unit

attempted

crime.第三部分是有關(guān)單位犯罪未遂的調(diào)查責(zé)任。damagen.

傷害，損傷，損害v.

損害，傷害；損壞，破壞...

can

cause

death

and

other

loss

and

damage

that

is

hard

to

measure.

……可以造成死亡以及其他難以估量的損失和破壞?！he

accident

did

great

damage

to

the

environment.

這起事故對環(huán)境造成了很大的破壞?！moking

seriously

damages

your

health.

吸煙嚴重危害你的健康。bebadlydamaged遭受嚴重損害do/causedamageto...給……帶來傷害/造成毀壞·He

called

in

and

told

us

that

the

machine

had

been

badly

damaged.他打電話來告訴我們機器受到了嚴重損壞?！he

earthquake

caused

damage

to

property

estimated

at

$6

million.

地震造成大約600萬美元的財產(chǎn)損失。measurevt.

估量，衡量；測量n.

措施，辦法；衡量...

floods

and

landslides

can

cause

death

and

other

loss

and

damage

that

is

hard

to

measure.

……洪水和滑坡可以造成死亡以及其他難以估量的損失和破壞?！t’s

difficult

to

measure

the

success

of

the

campaign.

難以估量這場運動的成敗。measure...in...以……測量……takemeasures/steps/actiontodosth采取措施做某事·A

ship’s

speed

is

measured

in

knots.

船速以節(jié)測量?！

number

of

measures

were

taken

to

alleviate

the

problem.采取了很多措施緩解這個問題。measurementn.

尺寸；度量·Do

you

know

your

measurements

(＝

the

size

of

parts

of

your

body)？你知道自己的尺寸嗎？processn.

過程，進程Sounds

like

a

very

challenging

process.

聽起來是一個很有挑戰(zhàn)性的過程。·The

museum

is

in

the

process

of

being

restored

these

days.

這幾天博物館正在修復(fù)中。intheprocess在進行中intheprocessof在……過程中·I

was

moving

some

furniture

and

I

twisted

my

ankle

in

the

process.我在挪動家具時崴了腳。·We’re

in

the

process

of

selling

our

house.

我們正在出售自家的住宅。1.

表示做某事的方法或程序時，process后可以接of/fordoingsth,但一般不接動詞不定式。2.process作先行詞，引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作狀語時，用關(guān)系副詞where?！e

was

in

a

continual

process

of

rewriting

his

material.他一直在不斷地改寫他的材料?！t’s

a

painful

process

where

we

can

learn

a

lot.

這個過程很痛苦，我們可以學(xué)到很多東西。sufferingn.

(肉體或精神上的)痛苦；折磨But

it’s

our

duty

to

try

our

best

to

reduce

suffering

and

the

loss

of

life.

但是盡我們所能減少痛苦和生命損失是我們的職責(zé)?！any

of

his

novels

have

described

the

suffering

of

his

race.

他的許多小說都描述了他的種族遭受的苦難。sufferv.

(因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等)受苦；遭受，蒙受sufferfrom遭受……之苦；患……病sufferloss/pain/hardship/defeat...遭受損失/痛苦/困境/失敗……

·I

hate

to

see

animals

suffering.

我不忍心看動物受苦?！anycompaniesaresufferingfromashortageofskilledstaff.

許多公司正苦于缺乏熟練員工?！hecompanysufferedhugelossesinthelastfinancialyear.

公司在上一財政年度出現(xiàn)巨額虧損。conductvt.

實施；進行；執(zhí)行vi.

&

vt.

指揮You’ve

told

us

a

lot

about

how

you

conduct

rescue

attempts...

你已經(jīng)告訴我們很多關(guān)于你如何進行營救的事情了……·So

far

we

have

conducted

a

variety

of

activities

on

English

learning.

目前我們已經(jīng)開展了各種各樣的英語學(xué)習(xí)活動?！y

friend

went

home,leaving

me

to

conduct

the

band.

我朋友回家了，留下我指揮樂隊。conductoneself舉止，表現(xiàn)conductsbtosp

帶領(lǐng)某人去某地·The

easiest

way

to

accomplish

this

is

to

make

sure

you

conduct

yourself

as

a

good

neighbour

should.

完成這件事最容易的方法就是確保你表現(xiàn)得像好鄰居應(yīng)該表現(xiàn)的那樣?！e

asked

if

he

might

conduct

us

to

the

ball

which

was

to

bring

the

proceedings

to

an

end.

他問是否可以帶我們?nèi)ノ钑F(xiàn)場，所有活動將在那兒結(jié)束。as

well

as既……又……；除……之外(也)；此外Mr

Wang,I

know

you

have

been

part

of

many

rescue

operations

overseas,as

well

as

in

China...

王先生，我知道你在海外和中國都參加過許多救援行動……·He

as

well

as

his

brothers

is

coming

to

see

you.他和他的兄弟們要來看你。1.

當(dāng)aswellas連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞與前面的主語保持一致。用法類似的有：with,together

with,alongwith等。2.aswellas在意義上通常強調(diào)前者，而notonly...butalso...在意義上強調(diào)后者。3.aswellas也可表示比較，意為“和……一樣好”。4.aswellas有時相當(dāng)于一個介詞短語，意為“除……之外(也)”，后面跟動名詞、名詞或代詞作賓語?！he

mind

needs

exercise

as

well

as

the

body.大腦同身體一樣需要鍛煉?！he

doesn’t

play

as

well

as

her

sister.

她演奏得不如她姐姐。·The

outcome

depends

on

conditions

as

well

as

how

events

unfold.

結(jié)果取決于條件，還取決于事件的進展。run

out用完；耗盡Well,I’d

love

to

know

more,but,unfortunately,we’ve

run

out

of

time.

好吧，我很想知道更多，但是，可惜的是，我們已經(jīng)沒有時間了?！e

have

run

out

of

milk

and

juice.

我們的牛奶和果汁都喝完了。詞組run

out

of&run

out用法runoutof是及物動詞短語，表示主動含義，其主語一般是人。runout是不及物動詞短語，其主語通常為時間、食物、金錢等名詞?！hey

have

run

out

of

ideas.

他們已經(jīng)想不出任何辦法了?！onditions

are

getting

worse

and

supplies

are

running

out.

情況越來越糟糕，儲備物資也快用完了。

本句中it是形式主語，真正的主語是后面的動詞不定式totryourbesttoreducesufferingandthelossoflife。tryone’sbesttodosth意為“盡某人最大努力做某事”?！t

is

important

for

us

to

learn

English

well.

對我們來說，學(xué)好英語很重要。·It

is

necessary

for

us

to

study

hard

at

this

important

stage.

我們有必要在這個重要的階段努力學(xué)習(xí)?！t

is

a

pleasure

to

write

to

you.

我很高興能給你寫信。preparation

n.

預(yù)備，準備During

the

polar

summer

of

1910—1911，both

teams

organised

food

bases

in

preparation

for

their

journeys

the

next

year.

在1910至1911年的極地夏天，兩支隊伍都組建了食品儲備點，為來年的旅程做準備。·They’vesoldtheirhouseandcarinpreparationforleavingthecountry.他們已經(jīng)賣掉了房子和汽車準備出國?！s

the

final

exam

is

coming,students

are

making

preparations

for

it.

期末考試快要到了，學(xué)生們正在為之準備。inpreparationfor...＝makepreparationsfor...為……做準備makepreparationstodosth

準備做某事·Rub

the

surface

of

the

wood

in

preparation

for

the

varnish.

打磨木頭的表面，為刷清漆做準備?！he

United

States

is

making

preparations

for

a

large-scale

airlift

of

1，200

American

citizens.

美國正在為運送1200名美國公民的大規(guī)?？者\做準備?！e

made

preparations

to

move

to

new

offices.

我們已準備好要搬到新辦公室。preparev.

準備preparesth

準備某物/事preparefor...為……做準備(強調(diào)動作)preparesbforsth

使某人為某事做好準備bepreparedforsth

為某事做好準備(強調(diào)狀態(tài))bepreparedtodosth

愿意做某事·I

had

no

time

to

prepare

at

that

time.

我當(dāng)時沒時間準備。·He

was

in

the

kitchen

preparing

lunch.

他在廚房做午飯?！he

college

prepares

students

for

a

career

in

business.

這個學(xué)院是培養(yǎng)商務(wù)人才的?！he

police

are

preparing

themselves

for

trouble

at

the

demonstration.

警察正在準備防范示威時可能出現(xiàn)的騷亂?！

was

not

prepared

for

all

the

problems

it

caused.我對這事引起的諸多麻煩毫無防備?！hey

are

not

prepared

to

give

ground

on

tax

cuts.

他們不準備在減稅方面讓步。basen.

基地，大本營；基礎(chǔ)vt.

以……為基地...

both

teams

organised

food

bases

in

preparation

for

their

journeys

the

next

year.

……兩支隊伍都組建了食品儲備點，為來年的旅程做準備?！he

family

base

was

crucial

to

my

development.家庭基礎(chǔ)對我的發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。atthebaseof在……的底部base...on/upon...以……為基礎(chǔ)；把……建立在……的基礎(chǔ)之上base...in...以……為據(jù)點；把總部設(shè)在……·The

squirrel

disappeared

into

a

hollow

at

the

base

of

the

tree.松鼠鉆進了樹根處的一個洞?！hey

often

base

their

estimate

on

the

figures

for

the

last

three

years.

他們經(jīng)常以過去三年的數(shù)字為基礎(chǔ)進行估算。·They

decided

to

base

the

new

company

in

York.他們決定將新成立的公司總部設(shè)在約克郡。prove

vt.

證明；證實Later,these

rocks

proved

that

at

one

time

in

the

distant

past,the

continent

of

Antarctica

was

covered

by

plants.

后來，通過這些石塊可以證實，在遙遠的過去，南極洲曾經(jīng)被植被覆蓋?！e

proved

himself

to

be

a

better

driver

than

the

world

champion.

他證明了自己的駕駛技術(shù)勝過世界冠軍。Itisprovedthat...已經(jīng)證實……prove(tobe)＋n./adj.

證明是(此處prove是系動詞)provesb/sth

(tobe)＋n./adj.

證明某人/某物……·Can

it

be

proved

that

he

did

commit

these

offences？能證明他確實犯了這些罪嗎？·The

promotion

proved

to

be

a

turning

point

in

his

career.

這次晉升最后證明是他職業(yè)生涯的一個轉(zhuǎn)折點?！hey

hope

this

new

evidence

will

prove

her

innocence.

他們希望這項新證據(jù)會證明她無罪。break

down停止運轉(zhuǎn)，出故障；身體垮掉；失??；崩潰；拆除；分解First,his

two

sledges

broke

down

and

then

the

horses

began

to

have

serious

difficulties

with

the

snow

and

the

cold.

先是他的兩輛雪橇壞了，后來馬匹開始在大雪和嚴寒的天氣下出現(xiàn)嚴重問題?！is

health

broke

down

under

the

pressure

of

work.

他的身體在工作壓力下垮掉了。breakup分手；粉碎，破碎；解散breakawayfrom從……中突然掙脫/擺脫breakinto破門而入，強行闖入(后接賓語)breakout(壞事)突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)·The

ice

will

break

up

when

the

warm

weather

comes.

天氣轉(zhuǎn)暖，冰層就會破裂?！

luckily

managed

to

break

away

from

my

awful

marriage.

我幸運地從糟糕的婚姻中解脫了出來?！here

was

no

one

nearby

who

might

see

him

trying

to

break

into

the

house.

附近沒有人可能看見他試圖闖入房子里?！e

was

29

when

the

war

broke

out.

那場戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)時他才29歲。carry

on繼續(xù)，堅持；開展，參與Scott

and

two

of

his

team

members

carried

on

and

got

within

eleven

miles

of

one

of

their

food

bases.

斯科特上校和兩名隊員繼續(xù)向前，到達距離食品儲備處不足11英里的地方?！lthough

faced

with

so

many

difficulties,they

still

carried

on

with

their

research.

盡管面臨許多困難，他們?nèi)匀焕^續(xù)進行他們的研究。carryonwith繼續(xù)做carryaway強行拿走carryback將……送/帶回原地；使某人記起carryout執(zhí)行；實施；履行；完成carrythrough順利完成；使渡過難關(guān)·Her

bravery

has

given

him

the

will

to

carry

on

with

his

life

and

his

work.

她的勇氣激發(fā)了他繼續(xù)生活和工作的意愿。·The

first

thing

to

be

done

is

to

carry

away

the

earth.第一件要做的事是搬走泥土。·I

have

only

been

here

for

a

few

days,but

I

really

like

London

and

will

carry

back

many

good

memories

of

it.我在此地只有幾天，但我真的很喜歡倫敦，我會帶回許多美好的回憶?！he

company’s

doctor

found

that

she

was

unfit

to

carry

out

her

normal

work.

公司的醫(yī)生認為，她不宜從事正常工作?！e

are

determined

to

carry

through

all

our

plans.我們下定決心完成我們所有的計劃。

極地的冬季來臨，四處一片漆黑。?

這是一個完全倒裝句，時間狀語then位于句首，構(gòu)成完全倒裝?！ere

comes

the

bus.公交車來了。完全倒裝的幾種情形：1.

表示地點的介詞短語位于句首且謂語為be,lie,stand,come

等不及物動詞時。2.

地點副詞(here,there)、方向性副詞(out,in,down)及時間副詞(now,then)等位于句首且謂語為be,go,come等不及物動詞時。3.

在一些表示祝愿的句子中，主謂也經(jīng)常完全倒裝。4.

為強調(diào)表語或保持句子平衡，形容詞短語/分詞短語提至句首時，句子的主謂經(jīng)常完全倒裝。注意：當(dāng)主語是代詞時，句子不需要完全倒裝。·There

rings

the

bell.

鈴聲響了?！n

came

Peter’s

wife

with

a

wallet

in

her

hand.

彼得的妻子手里拿著一個錢包進來了?！way

she

ran,crying.

她哭著跑開了。

?

本句中出現(xiàn)了havesb/sthdoingsth的用法，賓語sb/sth后面用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語，賓語與現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動作之間為主謂關(guān)系，且動作正在進行。·My

mum

has

me

reading

the

poem.

我媽媽讓我一直讀那首詩。1.havesthdone過去分詞作賓補，意為“使某事被做”“請人做某事”或“遭遇到某事”。2.havesbdosth讓某人做某事，動詞不定式必須省略to,賓語是動作的執(zhí)行者。3.havesb/sthdoingsth讓某人一直做某事或讓某事處于某種狀態(tài)；用于否定句時，have表示“容忍，容許”。4.havesthtodo有某事要做，have意為“有”，動詞不定式在句中作后置定語?！e

had

the

machine

mended

just

now.我們剛才請人把機器修好了。·She

had

her

daughter

dance.

她讓她的女兒跳舞。·We

shouldn’t

have

the

water

running.

我們不應(yīng)該一直開著水龍頭。·I

have

something

important

to

do

tomorrow.明天我有重要的事情要做。shelter

n.

避難所If

possible,find

a

strong

shelter

nearby

which

will

cover

your

whole

body.

如果可能的話，在附近找一個可以覆蓋住全身的堅固的遮蔽物。·The

sand

dunes

provided

shelter

from

the

wind.

這些沙丘可擋風(fēng)。undertheshelterof在……的庇護下take/seekshelterfrom...躲避……·Under

the

shelter

of

a

tent,a

crowd

gathered

for

a

brunch.

在帳篷的庇護下，一群人聚在一起吃早午餐?！eople

were

desperately

seeking

shelter

from

the

gunfire.

人們正拼命地找地方躲避炮火。observevt.

觀察，注意Observe

carefully

before

you

move

away.

在你離開之前要仔細觀察?！ave

you

observed

any

changes

lately？最近你注意到什么變化沒有？observesbdo/doingsth觀察某人做了/正在做某事observesthdone觀察某事被做·He

observed

a

stranger

hanging

around

the

store.

他觀察到一個陌生人正在商店附近閑逛。observationn.

觀察；評論beunderobservation在觀察中，在監(jiān)視下·We

managed

to

escape

observation.

我們設(shè)法避開了人們的注意?！he

suspect

is

under

observation.嫌疑人正受到監(jiān)視。be

home

to＝be

the

home

of是……的棲息地/產(chǎn)地/發(fā)祥地New

Zealand

is

home

to

nearly

5

million

people,31

million

sheep

and

10

million

cows.

新西蘭有將近500萬人口，3100萬只綿羊和1000萬頭奶牛?！his

region

is

home

to/the

home

of

many

species

of

wild

flowers.

這個地區(qū)是很多種野花的家園?！he

Rockies

are

home

to

bears

and

mountain

lions.

落基山脈是熊和美洲獅的棲息地。athome在家；在國內(nèi)athomeandabroad國內(nèi)外be/feelathome感覺舒適；不拘束·They

had

got

too

used

to

the

soft

life

at

home.他們實在是過慣了家里的安逸生活?！he

gives

frequent

performances

of

her

work,both

at

home

and

abroad.

她經(jīng)常在國內(nèi)外演出自己的作品?！e

had

a

genius

for

making

people

feel

at

home.他有一種能夠使人感覺輕松自在的本領(lǐng)。protect...

from/against...保護……不受(危害)If

you

are

near

objects

that

can

fall,find

a

shelter

to

protect

yourself

from

them.

如果你離可能墜落的物體很近，找個地方躲避它們?！hey

set

up

a

wildlife

reserve

to

protect

animals

from

being

hunted.

他們建立了一個野生動物保護區(qū)以保護動物不被獵殺?！白柚鼓橙俗瞿呈隆钡亩喾N表達法：keepsbfromdoingsthstopsb

(from)doingsthpreventsb

(from)doingsthdiscouragesbfromdoingsth

·I

hope

you

will

keep

yourself

from

doing

anything

rash.我希望你克制自己不去做任何魯莽的事?！here’s

nothing

to

stop

you

from

doing

a

bit

of

exploring

further

afield.

沒有什么會阻止你到更遠的地方探險?！o

one

can

prevent

us

from

doing

the

experiment.誰也不能阻止我們做實驗?！

think

we

should

discourage

people

from

using

their

cars.

我認為我們應(yīng)該阻止人們使用他們的汽車。關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句本單元學(xué)習(xí)關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句，現(xiàn)將有關(guān)要點歸納如下：1.

當(dāng)先行詞為表示地點的名詞且在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c狀語時，該定語從句使用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。例如：·A

classroom

is

a

place

where

we

have

classes.

教室是我們上課的地方。·After

he

finished

college,he

went

to

work

in

the

town

where

he

had

grown

up.

大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，他去了他長大的鎮(zhèn)上工作。常見的地點名詞有：place,room,city,village,school,factory,station,country,library等。2.

當(dāng)先行詞為表示時間的名詞且在定語從句中充當(dāng)時間狀語時，該定語從句使用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)。例如：·It

happened

in

the

year

when

our

village

was

liberated.

這件事發(fā)生在我們村解放的那一年。·She

was

still

afraid

of

mentioning

that

terrible

day

when

she

had

an

accident.

她仍然害怕提及她出事故的那個可怕日子。常見的時間名詞有：day,hour,morning,night,week,year,term等。3.where和when引導(dǎo)的定語從句一般可用“介詞＋which”結(jié)構(gòu)來替換。例如：·This

is

the

room

where

he

has

lived

for

5

years.

＝This

is

the

room

in

which

he

has

lived

for

5

years.這是他住了5年的房間。·He

will

never

forget

the

day

when

his

father

passed

away.

＝He

will

never

forget

the

day

on

which

his

father

passed

away.他永遠也不會忘記他父親去世的那一天。4.

先行詞雖為地點或時間名詞，但其在定語從句中不是充當(dāng)(地點/時間)狀語，而是充當(dāng)賓語時，不能使用where/when,而應(yīng)使用that/which。例如：·Is

this

the

factory

(that/which)

you

visited

last

year？這是你去年參觀的那個工廠嗎？·I

sti