PAGE1PAGE5英語II（1）第二階段學(xué)習(xí)小結(jié)深圳電大蘇曼華Units7-12中主要學(xué)習(xí)的語法項(xiàng)目：（重難點(diǎn)）therefore,although和however的用法（Unit7）*therefore意為“所以,因此”,表結(jié)果,比so更正式,在句中常和and連用。Heworkeddayandnight,andthereforehewasabletobuyanewsportscar.*although意為“雖然……,但是……”,不能和but連用。Althoughtheywere75yearsold,theystillplayedtenniseveryday.Theystillplayedtenniseverydayalthoughtheywere75yearsold.*however意為“然而,但是”,表示轉(zhuǎn)折，比but正式。位置較靈活，在句首時(shí)，后面常用逗號(hào)。Hewaswealthy.However,hewasverymean(吝嗇).Althoughhewaswealthy,hewasverymean.練習(xí)：1.Alltheteammemberstriedtheirbest.Welostthegame,___.a.therforeb.althoughc.butd.however2.Parliamentdidn’tthinkthePrimeMinisterdidenoughintheimprovementoffairemployment,___hewasaskedtowritetoParliamentforfurtherexplanation.a.sob.thereforec.sinced.asKey:DB現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)（Unit8）時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)舉例（write）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are+V-ing(現(xiàn)在分詞)am/is/arewriting過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+V-ing(現(xiàn)在分詞)was/werewriting*現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have/has+been+V-ing(現(xiàn)在分詞)have/hasbeenwritingI’vebeenworkinghereforthreeyears.Ihaven’tbeenworkinghereforverylong.Haveyoubeenworkinghereforthreeyears?Howmanyyearshaveyoubeenworkinghere?Whohavebeenworkinghereforthreeyears?現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的比較：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，并表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束；現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且還要持續(xù)下去。例如：Johnhaspaintedthedoor.（已漆完，動(dòng)作已結(jié)束）Johnhasbeenpaintingthedoor.（還在漆，動(dòng)作還要持續(xù)下去）We’vecleanedthehouse.Youmaycomeinnow.（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果）We’reverytired.We’vebeencleaningthehouse.（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作持續(xù)進(jìn)行）練習(xí)：1.I’mtired.I___workingveryhard.(Unit6題)A.haveB.havebeenC.had2.Pleasewakehimup.He___for4hours.A.issleepingB.wassleepingC.hadbeensleepingD.hasbeensleeping3.He___abook,andnowheneedsaholiday.A.hasbeenwritingB.hadbeenwritingC.willbewritingD.waswritingKey:BDA虛擬條件句（Unit10）真實(shí)條件句表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)砜赡馨l(fā)生的事情或存在的情況，虛擬條件句表示純屬假設(shè)的不可能發(fā)生的事情或存在的情況，它是與事實(shí)相反的愿望、假想。真實(shí)條件句的構(gòu)成：“If+從句主語+一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句主語+will/won’t+動(dòng)詞原形”Ifwebidforthegames,wewillpromotethecountry.虛擬條件句的構(gòu)成：“If+從句主語+動(dòng)詞過去式，主句主語+would(’d)+動(dòng)詞原形”IfIhadthetime,I’dmakesomethingbetter.注意：在這種與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句的if從句中，不論從句主語是什么人稱，be動(dòng)詞都常用were。Ifmygrandmotherwerealive,I’daskher.IfIwereyou,I’daskher.練習(xí)：1.IftheOlympics___here,thecity___greatlyimproved.(樣題)A.come…willbeB.come…willC.willcome…willbeD.willcome…is2.Ifmygrandmother___alive,I___her.(樣題)A.is…wouldaskB.were…wouldaskC.was…willaskD.were…willask3.IfI___time,I___somethingbetter.(04年7月題)A.have…willmakeB.willhave…willmakeC.had…wouldmakeD.hadhad…wouldmake4.IfI___you,I___studyEnglishharder.(05年1月題)A.am…wouldB.were…wouldC.am…willD.hadbeen…would5.IfI___timelastSunday,Iwouldhavegonetovisityou.(05年1月題)A.hadhadB.hadC.havehadD.wouldhave6.Ifthere___noair,there___nolivingthing.(05年7月題)A.were…wouldbeB.was…willbeC.is…isD.is…shouldbe7.IfyouhadwarnedJane,she___ontime,butshewaslate.(05年7月題)A.willcomeB.wouldcomeC.hadcomeD.wouldhavecome8.IfIgetthenewjob,I___buyabettercar.(Unit18題)A./B.willC.would9.Ifhewerefitter,he___livelonger.(Unit12題)A./B.willC.would10.I’llbuyapairofshoesifthestore___soon.A.openB.openedC.opensD.hasopened11.IfI___you,Iwoulddoitatonce.A.amB.wouldbeC.beD.were12.___,Iwouldgowithhim.A.IfhewantsB.IfhewantedC.WantedheD.WerehewantKey:ABCBA,ADBCC,D,B.進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)（Unit11）被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)(be+V-ed)舉例（write）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are+being+V-ed(過去分詞)is/arebeingwritten過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+being+V-ed(過去分詞)was/werebeingwrittenAnewhospitalisbeingbuilthere.Isanewhospitalbeingbuilthere?200peoplewerebeingtreatedinaGlasgowhospitallastweek.Were200peoplebeingtreatedinaGlasgowhospitallastweek?Wherewere200peoplebeingtreatedlastweek?練習(xí)：1.Theroadnearouruniversity___now.(05年1月題)beupsetby(心煩意亂)Thedoctorwasalways___thepoorandthesick,oftengivingthemfreemedicalservices.a.remindedofb.absorbedinc.tendedbyd.concernedaboutKey:DThepresidentclaimedtheterroristsshouldberesponsible___theexplosionsthathappenedlastmonthinLondon.a.forb.onc.atd.aboutKey:AJohnPrestonwastired___livingineastLondon,inwhichhehadmovedafterhiswife’sdeath.a.tob.ofc.atd.forKey:B2．描述位置、方位（Unit7）inthenorth/south/east/westof…,inthecentre/inthesuburbsontheedgeofthetown在城鎮(zhèn)的邊緣,furtherout較遠(yuǎn)離rural/urban/suburbanarea鄉(xiāng)下/市區(qū)/郊區(qū)1.Shanghaiis___theeastofChina.(06年1月題)A.atB.inC.onD.alongKey:B2.Thatplaceis___thesouthofthecity.(Unit12題)A.atB.inC.onKey:B3．表達(dá)數(shù)量（Units8）alargeproportionof(很大比例的),asmallproportionof(很小比例的)themajorityof(多數(shù)的),aminorityof(少數(shù)的)over(多于)…;under(少于)…;morethan(多于)…;lessthan(少于)…1.___majorityofstudentshavereadthenovel.(06年1月題)A.TheB.AC.OneD./Key:A2.___majorityofpeopleagreewithhim.(Unit12題)A.TheB.AC./Key:A4．與住房相關(guān)的詞匯（Unit7）chimney煙囪,doors門,gate大門,roof屋頂,path小路,windowframes窗框,windowpanes窗玻璃,steps臺(tái)階,bedroom臥室,dining-room餐廳,bathroom浴室,living-room起居室,kitchen廚房,lounge休息室,study書房,toilet廁所,hall門廳,garage車庫,garden花園,detachedhouse獨(dú)立式房,semi-detachedhouse半獨(dú)立式房,terracehouse連排房,towerblock塔樓,studioflat單室公寓,farmhouse農(nóng)舍,cottage村舍,別墅,bungalow平房,flat公寓5．描述體重和飲食的詞匯（Unit10）weightgoesup體重上升,weightgoesdown體重下降,toputonweight體重增加,toloseweight體重減輕,tobeonadiet節(jié)食(狀態(tài)),togoonadiet節(jié)食(行為),tokeepweightoff保持體重不增長Units7-12中談?wù)摰脑掝}：（每單元的題目）Unit7AnEnglishman’sHomeisHisCastle我愛我家Unit8Leisure,WorkandAnimals休閑活動(dòng)與寵物Unit9TheOlympicGames奧運(yùn)會(huì)Unit10HealthandLeisure健康與休閑Unit11HealthCare,andTravelandHealth保健與健康五、Units7-12中的CulturalNotes（文化點(diǎn)滴）Unit7DIY自己動(dòng)手做(P.95)Unit8VoluntaryWork志愿者工作(P.112)Unit9BarondeCoubertinandIOC顧拜旦與國際奧委會(huì)(P.130)Unit10OverweightandObese關(guān)于肥胖(P.146)Unit11AboutNHS國民保健制度(P.157)六、Units7-12中的書面表達(dá)練習(xí)1．《期末復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)》樣題（書面表達(dá)）假設(shè)你是一位顧客,在一家商店買了一臺(tái)彩色電視機(jī)?；丶液蟀l(fā)現(xiàn)沒有圖象，經(jīng)過與商場營業(yè)員交涉，沒有得到滿意解決，你向商場經(jīng)理MrGao寫一封70–90詞的投訴信，將你的問題和希望得到的解決方法告訴他。學(xué)生1：DearMrGao,I’mwritingtoyoutocomplainaboutthecolourTVsetwhichIboughtfromyourshoplastweek.AfterIbroughtithome,Ifoundthattherewasnoimageatall.Italkedtoyourshopassistantaboutthisproblem,butIhaven’treceivedanysatisfactoryreplyyet.SoIbringupthisissuetoyou.IhopetoexchangeitwithanewTVset.I’mlookingforwardtoyourpromptreply.Yourssincerely,MaryBrown學(xué)生2：DearMrGao,I’mwritingtoyoutocomplainaboutthebadqualityofthecolourTVsetwhichIboughtfromyoushoplastweek.Yesterday,Ifounditsimplydidn'twork.TherewasnopictureshownonthescreenwhenIswitchediton.AsthisTVsetisstillunderguarantee,Ihopeyoucansendmeanewone.Otherwise,I’llgetmymoneyback.I’mlookingforwardtohearingfromyouassoonaspossible.Yourssincerely,MaryBrown學(xué)生3：DearMrGao,Asacustomer,IamwritingtoyoutocomplainaboutthecolourTVsetthatIboughtfromyoumarket.WhenIbroughtitbackhome,Ifoundithadnopicture.AlthoughItalkedaboutthisproblemwiththesalesman,butIdidn’tgetasatisfactorysolution.SoIhavetowritetoyou.Youmustcheckitandputitrightorexchangeanotheroneforme.OtherwiseyoushouldrefundmethemoneyIpaid.Ilookforwardtohearingfromyou.Yourssincerely,MaryBrown2．中央電大2005年7月“開放本科”期末考試英語II（1）試題（書面表達(dá)）寫一段70-80詞的短文描述你是如何保持身體健康的。要求包括以下內(nèi)容：鍛煉身體的場所、方式。如何抓住余暇時(shí)間進(jìn)行鍛煉。保養(yǎng)身體的一些秘訣。學(xué)生1：IworkfortheBankofChina.Myworkisveryhard,butIdidn’tusetobehealthy,soIstartedgoingtothegymlastyear.SincethenIhavekeptdoingexerciseeverydayandIhavebeenonadiet.NowIamfeelingreallygood.Ifyouwanttobehealthy,youshoulddosomethinglikeme.Igotothegymandgetapersonaltrainer,andIalwayswalkthroughthepark.Ihavefruitforbreakfastandnevereattoomuchfat.Idon’tsmoke.Thatisveryimportanttokeepyouhealthy.學(xué)生2：IamveryhappybecauseIamhealthy.Doyouknowhowtokeepfit?Ifyoudointhefollowingways,youwillbeashealthyasme.1.Doexerciseatanyplaceallowed.Forexample,youcandoexerciseathome,atschool,inthepark.Youcanswiminthesea,playfootballontheschoolplayground,andevenonbed,youcandosomeexercise.2.Doexerciseatanytime.Itneednotkeepyouverylong.Forexample,youcanwalkupstairstotheoffice.Whenyoufeeltired,youcanstopyourworktodosomeexercise.3.Gotobedearlyandgetupearly.Don’teattoomuchfatfood.Drinkmorewaterandeatmorevegetables.That’smysecrettokeepfit.學(xué)生3：.Doingexerciseisgoodforhealth.Ilikedoingsports,forexample,playingtabletennis,swimming,runningandsoon.Iusuallydoexercisethreetimesaweek.Runningismyfavouritesport.Igetupearlyinthemorning,andthenIruntothepark.Thefreshairmakesmefeelgood.Afterfinishingrunning,Ifeelenergetic.Iknowonetiptokeepushealthy.What’sit?Keepdoingexercise,eatmorevegetablesanddrinkmorewater.3.寫投訴信假設(shè)你是A.Banister,你對(duì)正在你家進(jìn)行的裝修工程感到不滿意，你向經(jīng)理MrTownsend寫一封70-80詞的投訴信，將你的問題和所作的決定告訴他。（Unit7Activity19）假設(shè)你是游客MaryBrown,你曾于元月14，15日住在HotelRoyal，你對(duì)那里的住宿感到不滿意，你向經(jīng)理（不知姓名和性別）寫一封70-80詞的投訴信，將你遇到的問題和希望得到的解決方法告訴他。（Unit12Activity8）該題的具體要求內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)（1）你遇到的問題；（2）你的決定或希望得到解決的方法。運(yùn)用時(shí)態(tài)和語法結(jié)構(gòu)情況（1）時(shí)態(tài)主要是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)；（2）運(yùn)用表示不悅心情和不滿評(píng)價(jià)的詞語；（3）符合英文書信格式。DearMrTownsend,Iamwritingtoyoutocomplainabouttheworkonmyhouse.Iamnotpleasedwiththeworkyouhavedone.Thechimneyisnotsatisfactory,andIamunhappyaboutthepath.Iamalsoconcernedabouttheroof.Thequalityoftheworkisnotgoodenoughinmyopinion.Iamalsoappalledbythemessinthegarden.GenerallyIamverydissatisfiedwiththework.Iamthereforewithholdingpaymentuntilyouputitright.Yourssinc