第九講：介詞

一、【考點(diǎn)解讀】

介詞是一種用來(lái)表示詞與詞、詞與句之間的關(guān)系的虛詞，在句子中不能單獨(dú)作成分。介

詞后面一般有名詞代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類，短語(yǔ)或從句作它的賓語(yǔ)。介詞和它的賓語(yǔ)

構(gòu)成介詞詞組，在句中作狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)。介詞可以分為時(shí)間介詞、地點(diǎn)介詞、

方式介詞、原因介詞和其他介詞。

介詞是英語(yǔ)中最活躍的詞類之一，特別是一些常用介詞的搭配力特別強(qiáng)，可以用來(lái)表示

各種不同的意思。

二、【知識(shí)講解】

Mrs.Smith’skitchen

Mrs.Smith’skitchenissmall.

Thereisarefrigeratorinthekitchen.

Therefrigeratoriswhite.

Itisontheright.

Thereisanelectriccookerinthekitchen.

Thecookerisblue.

Itisontheleft.

Thereisatableinthemiddleoftheroom.

Thereisabottleonthetable.

Thebottleisempty.

Thereisacuponthetable,too.

Thecupisclean.

知識(shí)點(diǎn)1——時(shí)間介詞at,on,in的用法

1.at

（1）表示具體時(shí)刻，如：

atthreeo’clock在三點(diǎn)鐘athalfpasteight在八點(diǎn)半

（2）固定搭配：

atnoonatnightatdawnatdusk

atthemomentatfirstatthebeginningatpresent

atlastatsunriseatsunsetattheageof

atthesametimeatdinner-timeattheendofatChristmas

2.on

（1）表示具體某一天（包括節(jié)假日），如：

onMarch8th,2016在2016年3月8日

onChildren’sDay在兒童節(jié)(attheSpringFestival)

onSunday在星期天

（2）表示具體某一天的早、中、晚，如：

onSaturdaymorning在周六早上

onarainyevening在一個(gè)下雨的傍晚

onahotafternoon在一個(gè)炎熱的下午

3.in

（1）表示月份，季節(jié)，年，年代，世紀(jì)，如：

inJuly在七月insummer在夏天in2016在2016年

inthe1990s在20世紀(jì)90年代inthe21stcentury在21世紀(jì)inhistwenties在他20

多歲

（2）后面跟一段時(shí)間，表示“…..之后”，指將來(lái)的時(shí)間，如：

inaweek一周之后inafewmonths幾個(gè)月之后

I’llbebackinafewminutes.我?guī)追昼姾蠡貋?lái)。

（3）固定搭配

inthemorninginEnglishinaminute

inahurryintimeintheend

注意：this,that,last,next,every,one,yesterday,today,tomorrow,tonight,all,most等詞之前一般

不加介詞。如：

thismorning今天早晨（on）thatday在那天（thatday更常用些）

lastweek上周nextyear明年

nextmonth下個(gè)月everyday每天

onemorning一天早晨yesterdayafternoon昨天下午

tomorrowmorning明天早晨allday/morning/night整天/整個(gè)早晨/整晚

知識(shí)點(diǎn)2——地點(diǎn)、方位介詞at,in,on,above,below的用法

1.at表示在某個(gè)具體地點(diǎn)，即“小地方”（比城市?。纾?/p>

athomeatschoolatthebusstation

atthecorneratthetopofattheschoolgate

atthecrossroadsatthefootofattheairport

2.in“在…之中”，表示在某范圍之內(nèi)，或某個(gè)地方（城市，國(guó)家等大地方），如：

Therearemanybooksinmyschoolbag.

MygrandparentsareinBeijingnow.

固定搭配：

inthecarinthemiddleofinthelibrary

inthehospitalinShanghaiinChina

intheworldintheeastinthesky

注意：在某個(gè)地理范圍內(nèi)的“東、南、西、北”方，也用in,如：

ShanghaiisintheeastofChina.

3.on“在…之上”，表示某物體上面并與之接觸，如：

Mybookisonthetable.

固定搭配：

onthedeskonthewallontheplayground

ontheroadontheright/leftonabus/train

ontheshelfonone’swaytoonbothsidesoftheriver

注意：地理上與某個(gè)地方接壤的“東、南、西、北”方，用on,如：

ShanghaiisonthesouthofJiangsu.

補(bǔ)充：地理上與某個(gè)地方不接壤的“東、南、西、北”方，用to,如：

JapanistotheeastofChina.

4.above意為“高出…”，“超過(guò)…”，指在……上方，不一定在正上方（正上方用over），

與below相對(duì)，如：

Theplaneisflyingabovetheclouds.

5.below意為“在……之下，低于”，不一定在正下方（正下方用under），如：

Thefishwereswimmingbelowthesurfaceofthewater.

圖示總結(jié)

over

above

below

under

三.表運(yùn)動(dòng)方向和位置的介詞：

1.across/through/over/by經(jīng)過(guò)

①across指橫穿,穿過(guò).表示動(dòng)作從某一物體表面上經(jīng)過(guò).②through指穿過(guò),透過(guò),表示從某一

物體空間內(nèi)通過(guò).

③over表示從某人或某物的上空經(jīng)過(guò)或越過(guò),不與表面接觸.④by/past表示從某人/某物的

旁邊經(jīng)過(guò).

Canyouswim______theriver?/Theelephantissobigthatitcan’tgo_____thegate.

Idon’tthinkanyonecanjump___thefence./Iwalked_____thebankofChinayesterday.

2.between,among

1between指在兩個(gè)人或兩個(gè)事物之間；Thereisabankbetweenthepostofficeandthepolice

station.

②among指在三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或事物之間eg:Theteacherisstandingamongthestudents.

3.in,into,outof

①in：在……里面，用于表示靜止的位置。Hermotherworksinthehospital.

②into：進(jìn)入，用于表示有特定終點(diǎn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)方向，經(jīng)常與表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞連用如,come,go,run,

rush等。

Thechildranintohismother’sarms.這小孩跑進(jìn)了它媽媽的懷里

③outof：從……里出來(lái)，與into一樣，也表示有一定的運(yùn)動(dòng)方向。如：

Allthechildrenrushedoutoftheclassroomwhenthebellrang.

四.表示方式的介詞with/in/by表示“用……”（注意格式要對(duì)齊）

1.with表示“用…”一般指有形的工具/手段/人體器官.

Hecuttheappleintohalves____aknife.注:with表伴隨,“帶有,含有”

Hecamein_____abigsmileonhisface.

2.ina)表示用某種語(yǔ)言,方式,途徑.或書寫/繪畫所用的材料..

Canyousayit_____English?/Hewrotealetter____blueink.

b)以…方式inthisway用這種方法behaveinapoliteway

c)也可表交通方式travelinacard)“穿著”inred穿紅色的衣服

3.bya)表示乘坐交通工具,travelbybus

b)以……方式、方法或手段Istudyforatest_____workingwithagroup.

4.ona)通過(guò)studyontheair/radio通過(guò)廣播學(xué)習(xí)b)乘坐onabus/onabike

注意:1).byphone=onthephone2).bycar=inacar3).inpen=withapen=withpens

五．范圍介詞

In在......里邊inourclassbetween在兩者之間betweenus

among在三者或三者以上的中間amongstudents

besides除了......之外還有（包括后面的賓語(yǔ)）Tom,JimbesidesLily.

except除了......之外（不包括后面的賓語(yǔ)）Tom,JimexceptLily.

including包括Allthestudentsincludingme.

六．介詞詞組辨析

1.onthetree/inthetree

①onthetree表示“樹上本身長(zhǎng)的東西”在樹上.②inthetree表示“外界的物體進(jìn)入樹

中”人或物在樹上.

Therearesomeapples_____thetree./Thereisaboy____thetree.

2．inthewall/onthewall

①inthewall表示“門窗在墻上”②onthewall表示“某東西張貼或掛在墻上”

apicturethewallthewindowthewall

3.except/besides/exceptfor

1).except除了…之外,都…不包括在范圍之內(nèi)，排除同類的.Weallwentswimmingexcept

Lucy.

注:nothingbut…除了…之外,什么也沒(méi)有.Thereisnothingbutaletterinthebox.

2).besides除了…之外,還有…包括在范圍之內(nèi).WestudyJapaneseandFrenchbesidesEnglish

3)exceptfor句中的主語(yǔ)與exceptfor后的賓語(yǔ)不同類：

Smithisagoodman,exceptforhisbadtemper.史密斯除了脾氣不好外，是個(gè)好人

4.with/without

1).with具有,帶有反義詞:without沒(méi)有詞組:withthehelpof=withone’shelp

反義詞：withoutone’shelp

2).without的用法:A).without+sb./sth.沒(méi)有某人或某物

B).without+doingsth.Heleftherewithout____(say)“Goodbye”tous

C).withoutsth常與if引導(dǎo)的否定的條件句.Ifthereisnowater,wecan’tlive.=We

can’tlive_____________.

5.bemade+介詞的區(qū)別:

bemadeof由…制成(看得見原材料)；bemadefrom由…制成(看不見原材料)

bemadein+地點(diǎn)由哪兒生產(chǎn)；bemadebysb.由某人制造

bemadeinto+成品制成某種產(chǎn)品

6.since/for（常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）.

1).since:a).since+表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間短語(yǔ)（since+yesterday/twoyearsago/lastweek）

b)since+過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的句子

2)for:for+段時(shí)間=since+過(guò)去的時(shí)間

7．其他固定搭配

befullof充滿；befilledwith裝滿……；bebornin出生于；besureof確信；

beusedto習(xí)慣于…；belatefor遲到；bestrictwithsb對(duì)某人要求嚴(yán)格；beexcitedabout

對(duì)…感到激動(dòng)。

介詞與動(dòng)詞的固定搭配:

arrivein/at到達(dá)大/小地方；agreewith同意，贊同；askfor要求，請(qǐng)求

catchupwith趕上，追上；comefrom來(lái)自;dowellin在……做得好；

decideon決定;fallbehind落后;getto到達(dá)；gotoschool去上學(xué)；

getonwith與某人相處；goonwithsth.繼續(xù)做某事；gotobed(sleep)去睡覺(jué)；

gotothecinema去看電影;havenothingwith與……無(wú)關(guān)；hearof聽說(shuō);

hearfrom收到…來(lái)信;help...with...在(某方面)幫助;handin交上來(lái)。

8、常用的詞組

athome在家inEnglish用英語(yǔ)

atnight在夜里intheend最后

atwork上班inthestreet在街上

atschool上學(xué)introuble有麻煩

beafraidof害怕knockat敲（門）

befullof充滿laughat嘲笑

begoodat擅長(zhǎng)listento聽.........

bytheway順便提一下lookafter照料

bekindto對(duì)..........好lookat看……

belatefor遲到ofcourse當(dāng)然

getreadyfor為.........做準(zhǔn)備onone'swayto在去某地的路上

goover復(fù)習(xí)ontheleft/right在左/右邊

handin上交ontime準(zhǔn)時(shí)

helponeselfto隨便吃.........takepartin參加

hundredsof成百的talkabout談?wù)?/p>

inahurry匆匆忙忙地takecareof照料

inaminute一會(huì)兒后waitfor等待

9.不用介詞的情況:

1.當(dāng)時(shí)間狀為:tonight,today,yesterday,tomorrow等時(shí),不用介詞.Whatareyougoingtodo

tonight?

2.含有this,that,these,those,last,next,every,each等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ).HewenttoWuhanlastweek.

3.以all開頭的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)前面不用介詞.Hehasworkedallday.

4.以some,any,one等構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)前不用介詞.

Hemetabadmanonecoldmorning.=Hemetabadmanacoldmorning.

三、【典例探究】

【例題1】：

()1.BettyArrivedParistheeveningofJune1.

A.at;inB.on;onC.in;inD.in;on

答案：D（解析：本題主要考查國(guó)家和城市前面需要加介詞in，在具體的某一天的早上、中

午、晚上，要用介詞on。）

()2.Mymotherisusuallybusyhouseworkatnome.

A.doB.withC.inD.for

答案：B（解析：本題主要考查關(guān)于busy的固定搭配“bebusy(in)doing/withsth.”(忙于做某事。）

學(xué)生只要掌握這個(gè)用法就可以輕而易舉的解題了。)

()3.Itwassofoolishhimtoaskhersuchaquestion.

A.ofB.forC.toD.with

答案：A（解析：本題主要考查關(guān)于it的固定搭配“Itis+adj.+todosth”其中Itis+adj.+of

sbtodosth前面的形容詞主要是表示人的品行的，如：kind,good,nice,wrong,careless,

wise,foolish,polite,clever…….則由of連接人若形容詞僅僅是描述事物，不是對(duì)不定式行

為者的品格進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)，用forsb.，這類形容詞有difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous，

（im）possible等等。

()4.TheGreatGreenWallcanstopthewindandsand____movingtotherichlandinthesouth

ofChina.

A.fromB.withC.atD.on

答案：A（解析：本題主要考查stop的用法“stop...fromdoingsth.阻止某事的發(fā)生”，建議學(xué)

生能夠積累一些關(guān)于介詞的固定搭配）

四、【課堂運(yùn)用】

【基礎(chǔ)】

【練習(xí)1】

I.Fillintheblankswithproperprepositions

1.TheplanearrivedatLondonairport__________Wednesday.

2.Whatdoyouusuallydo__________Christmas?

3.Thefirstclassbegins__________8o’clock__________themorning.

4.WewillbeinNanjing__________Tuesday.

5.Mr.Blackwillvisitournewschoolbuilding__________twodays.

6.__________theendoflastspringWanghaijoinedthearmy__________theend.

7.Wewillhaveafootballmatch__________thisSaturdayafternoon.

8.Theplaneisflying__________themountains.

9TheDeadSeais__________thesealevel.

10.Taiwanis__________thesoutheastofChina.

11.Childrengetgifts__________NewYear’sDayand__________theirbirthdays.

12Thesportsmeetingwasheld__________asunnyday.

13.Thereisawindow__________thewall.

14.Thereisamapandaclock__________wall__________ourclassroom.

15.Tomgoestoschool__________hisfather’scareveryday.

【答案】1.on2.at3.at,in4.on5.in6.At,in7./

8.above9.below10.in11.on,on12.on13.in14.on,in15.in

II.Choosethebestanswer.（選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福?/p>

1.Wetraveledovernightandarrived______home______themorning.

A.on;inB.at;inC.in;inD.at;on

2.Look______themapofChina______thewall,please.

Aat;inB.for;atC.at;onD.on;in

3.Thecarisstarting______fiveminutes.

A.atB.onC.inD.of

4.Wereturnedtoourhometown______.

A.inlastweekB.inthelastweek

C.lastweekD.foraweek

5.Childrenwakeupveryearly______themorningofChristmasDay.

A.inB.onC.forD.at

6.Whydidyougetupsoearly______thismorning?

A.onB./C.atD.in

7.Hearrived______Shanghai______9:30______March5.

A.at;in;atB.to;on;at

C.in;on;atD.in;at;on

8.MissWangiscomingtoBeijing______twodays.

A.afterB.inC.onD.before

9.TheAmericanCivilWarlastedfouryearsbeforetheNorthwon______theend.

A.byB.atC.inD.on

10.______NewYear’sEve,peopleusuallydon’tgotobeduntilmidnight.

A.inB.atC.onD.for

【答案】1.B;2.C;3.C;4.C;5.B;6.B;7.D;8.B;9.C;10.C

【鞏固】

【練習(xí)1】

I.填入適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~

1.Mypencil-caseis__________LiLei’sdesk.

2.Thereisabridge__________theriver.

3.Theplaneisflying__________theclouds.

4.Pleasedonotwrite__________thisline.

5.Thefishswim__________thebridge.

6.Wewillhaveafootballmatch__________thisSaturdayafternoon.

7.Heonlywatchesbasketballgame__________TV.

8.Englandis__________thesouthofIrelandand__________theeastofEurope.

9.__________theafternoonofthisSunday,myuncleisarriving__________Shanghai.

10.Iamgoingtomeethim__________thestation__________thisevening.

【答案】1.on2.over3.above4.below5.below6./7.on8.on,to9.on,in10.at,/

II.Choosethebestanswer.（選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福?/p>

1.SouthKorealies______theeastofAsia,______thesouthofNorthKorea.

A.in;onB.on;inC.in;toD.on;on

2.Jiangsuis______theeastofChina,butJapanis______theeastofChina.

A.to;inB.in;toC.on;toD.to;on

3.TheUnitedStatesis______thesouthofCanadaand______theeastofJapan.

A.to;inB.on;toC.in;besideD.at;on

4.Therewasabigsmile______ourteacher'sface.

AoffB.nearC.onD.between

5.Theywillhaveamathtest______twodays.

A.forB.atC.inD.after

6.Wehadourbreakfast______aquarter______seven.

A./,toB.in;toC.at,toD.on,to

7.Don'tshout______theoldwoman.Youshouldbemorepolite______her.

A.to;atB.at;toC.in;forD.from;for

8.Hastheteachergivenyouanyadvice______yourEnglishstudy?

A.fromB.withC.onD.in

9.Alittlemonkeyisplaying______atreeandtherearealotofbananas______it.

A.on;onB.in;onC.on;inD.in;in

10.Whoaretheboys______greensportsshirts?

A.withB.inC.atD.from

【答案】1.A;2.B;3.B;4.C;5.C;6.C;7.B;8.C;9.B;10.B

【拔高】

【練習(xí)1】

1.Alargegroupofstudentsarewaiting______thebusstopfortheschoolbus.

A.forB.atC.toD.on

2.Tom,youarethepersonI’mlooking______!Cometohelpmedealwiththecase.

A.atB.forC.afterD.up

3.PeopleonChongmingIslandcangotoShanghai______undergroundsoon.

AinBbyCatDon

4.Australiaisfamous______itsPinkLake,butnowpeoplecan’tenjoythesceneryanylonger.

A.forB.withC.ofD.from

5.Theliftinourbuildingsuddenlybrokedownandwegottrappedfloors.

A.inB.onC.betweenD.among

6.Thelocalgovernmentisplanningtodig_______themountaintomakeatunnel（隧道）.

A.acrossB.throughC.aboveD.throughout

7.ThefilmWolfWarriors11turned_______tobeabigsuccessin2017.

A.outB.overC.onD.down

8.Itwasabsolutelyimpossibletobuildafire________thatcoldwinternight.

A.onB.inC.ofD.by

9.Franceisfamous________itsgreatwine,touristattractionsandfashionshows.

A.asB.forC.toD.with

10.A:I'mthirsty.I’dlikeaglassoforangejuice.Whataboutyou,Dad?

B:Ipreferacupofcoffeenothinginit.

A.withB.withoutC.forD.to

11.ThetourguidehappenedtomeetahugefiercemonsterMysteryIsland.

A.inB.onC.atD.by

12.Iwasangry______myselfformakingsuchastupidmistake.

A.ofB.atC.withD.for

13.Leadersfrom20countriesandorganizationattendedtheHangzhouG20

Summit___September,2016.

A.onB.inC.atD.for

14.Nicholsset___earlythismorningforhisfarmhouseinCalifornia.

A.withBoffCaboutDup

15.Pleaseconnectthespeakers_____theCDplayersothatwecanhearthesongsclearly.

A.byB.ofC.atD.to

16.Let’shavearestthetimebeing,thenwewillcontinuetodiscusstheplan

A.onB.inC.atD.for

17.USpresidentDonaldTrumpstartedhisvisittoChinaNovember8,2017.

A.withB.inC.onD.of

18.Ourheadmasteralwaysencouragestheschoolcookstoservehealthymeals________junk

food.

A.underB.ofC.withD.without

19.Instead_______tellinghimtheanswer,theteacherhelpedhim

toreadthetextagain.

A.ofB.forC.atD.to

20.Lilyspentyearscaring____________hersickuncle.

A.ofB.atC.forD.with

21.AgroupofteacherswenttoGuangzhouforanimportantactivity__________Dec.20th.

A.inB.onC.toD.at

22.Someyoungparentsareunaware______thedangerofgivingtheirbabiessmartphones.

A.withB.forC.inD.of

23.Therewere22medicalserviceareas________theroutein2017ShanghaiMarathon.

A.alongB.withC.throughD.across

24.Sue'sstillveryangry______meforforgettingherbirthday

A)forB)toC.withD)by

25.Theworld'ssmallestlizardhasbeendiscovered________asmallCaribbeanisland.

A)onB)inC)forD)at

26.IrememberthatmycousinPetercametoseeus______averycoldnightlasttime.

A)inB)onC)atD)with

27.It’scommonknowledgethatleaveschangefromgreentobrownautumn.

A)atB)onC)byD)in

28.Withanaveragetemperatureof20degrees,springis______itswaytoShanghai.

A)onB)inC)ofD)by

29.Thestorysoundsquitefamiliar______me,andIgotalittlebored.

A)offB)forC)toD)with

30.Tomysurprise,theanswerturned____________tobequiterightatlast.

A)intoB)downC)outD)in

31.The24thWinterOlympicswillbeheldinBeijing____________February,2022.

A)inB)onC)atD)by

32.Iapologizedtotheteacher______notfinishingtheexercisesintime.

A)forB)atC)asD)of

33.Howmuchtimedoyouspend______yourstudyeveryday?

A)inB)onC)atD)with

34.Themanagerwasangry________Morrisbecausehesente-mailstothewrongcustomer

again.

A.atB.toC.withD.from

35.Zhujiajiao,anoldtownwithahistoryofhundredsofyears,lies________thewestof

Shanghai.

A.onB.inC.toD.among

36.Thetravelerasked________somewaterwhenhepassedGrannyLi’shouse.

A.byB.forC.withD.of

37.WeallknowMother’sDayiscelebrated________thesecondSundayofMay.

A)inB)toC)onD)at

38.Thelawpreventsbusinessmen_______buyingandsellingivory,toothoftheelephant.

A.byB.ofC.againstD.from

39.LastweekendImetaforeignerinthestreetandshowedhimtheway______English.

A)withB)onC)inD)by

40.Arightfashionablescarf,necklace,beltetc.canaddvariety______simpleclothes.

A)forB)byC)withD)to

41.Jerrylosthiswayinthefield,________thegroundwascoveredwiththicksnow.

A.orB.forC.butD.so

答案：BBBAABAABABCBBDDCDACBDACABDACCAABCB

BCDCDB

五、【課后鞏固】

【習(xí)題1】

一、填入正確的介詞。

1.Thereisamapoftheworldthewall.

2.Thestationismyhome.Ittakesonlyafewminutestogetthere.

3.Thesunrisestheeastandgoesdown._______thewest.

4.ShecomesEngland.

5.Who'sknocking___________thedoor?

6.It'susuallyquiethere_________Sundaymorning.

7.__________school,theboysplayfootball.

8.It’shalffivenow.

9.It'snicetogooutforawalksummerevenings.

10.