Unit1EnergyandDailyLifeViewingandspeakingViewing11-5:FTFFT2ferns,plantsandtreesorganismsdecomposeagaseousformelectricityproductionplasticsindustrializationhumanhealthalternativesustainableTranscriptFossilfuelisatermusedtodescribeagroupofenergysources.Theywereformedfromancientplantsandorganismsduringthecarboniferousperiod(石炭紀(jì))—approximately360to286millionyearsago—evenbeforetheageofdinosaurs.Atthattimethelandwascoveredwithswampsfilledwithorganismsandplants.Astheydiedtheysanktothebottomoftheswampsandoceans,andovermillionsofyearsstarteddecomposingunderlayersofsand,clay,andotherminerals.Differenttypesoffossilfuelsformeddependingonthecombinationoforganicmatter,temperature,timeandpressureconditionswhiledecomposing.Therearethreemajortypesoffossilfuels:coal,oil,andnaturalgas.Coalwasformedfromferns,plantsandtreeswhichhardenedduetopressureandheat.Oilwasformedfromsmallorganismslikezooplankton(浮游動物)andalgae(藻類),forpressurecausedthemorecomplexorganicmattertodecompose.Naturalgaswasformedbythesameprocessasoil,(but)onlywasexposedtomoreheatandpressure,causingittofurtherdecomposeandturnintoagaseous(氣態(tài))form.Fossilfuelsaresought-afterenergysourcesbecausetheyhaveahighenergydensity.Theyaretheworld’sdominantenergysource.Fossilfuelshaveavarietyofapplicationsfromelectricityproductiontotransportfuels.Theycanalsobeusedtomakeavarietyofcommonproductsfromplastics,tocosmetics,toevensomemedicines.Theseresourceshavepoweredindustrializationoverhistoryandcontinuetodosotoday.Fossilfuelscanbeanabundantandcheap,orinsomecases,ascarceandexpensiveformofenergy,dependingongeographiclocation.Forthisreason,geopoliticalissuesariseduetoscarcitycausedbythenaturalgeographicallocationofthesehighlyvaluableresources.Fossilfuelsareconsiderednon-renewableresourcesbecausetheytakemillionsofyearstoform,whichmeansthatoncetheyareusedtheresourceswillnotbereplenishedinahumanlifetime.Thegradualdepletionofthemostaccessiblefossilfuelreserveshave[has]forcedcompaniestodeveloptechnologiesforextractingmorechallengingorunconventionalreserves.Inmanycases,thismeansadditionalsafetyandenvironmentalconcernsaswellashighercosts.Fossilfuelsarealsothelargestemittersofcarbondioxide—agreenhousegaswhichcausesclimatechange.Inaddition,theirproductioncausesbothenvironmentalandhumanhealthissues.Theseconcernshavetriggeredsocietytolookatalternativesourcesofenergythataremoreenvironmentallysustainableandrenewable.That’sfossilfuels.Speaking21Individualsmustmakemajorlifestylechangestoreducetheirgreenhousegasemissionsinameaningfulway.2Turnappliancesoffcompletelywhentheyarenotinuse,includingyourcomputer.Printonlywhennecessary.Adjustyourthermostat.Bike,walkortakepublictransport.Bringyourownreusablebagwhenyoushop.Takefewernapkins.3Refertothescriptinviewing.ExtensivereadingIntegratedExercises11-5:45109116-10:896122aggressiveenoughcomponentsincars,sneakers,backpacks,elastic,toothpaste,toothbrush,makeup,lipsticks,framesofglasses,waterbottles,cellularphones,asignificantportionofTVs,cablesgasoline-poweredcars,pumps,naturalgasstoves,naturalgasappliancesforheatingthehouseandwater,powerplantsPermanentUniversityFund,campusbuildings,RainyDayFundourdependenceonfossilfuelstheessentialrolesfossilfuelsplayinourdailylife3Moreexamples:Fossilfuelsareofgreatimportancebecausetheycanbeburnt,producingsignificantamountsofenergy:generateelectricity;powercars,trainsandairplanes;heatourhomes;cookourfood;Fossilfuelsarealsoimportantchemicals:Tarisusedinroadconstruction.Petroleumisalsousedintheproductionofplastics,textilefibersandsyntheticrubber,anditiswidelyusedinthepharmaceuticalindustry.Petrochemicalshaveadramaticimpactonourfood,clothing,shelterandleisure.Somesynthetics,tailoredforparticularuses,actuallyperformbetterthanproductsmadebynaturebecauseoftheiruniqueproperties.4電力公司電網(wǎng)提出的計(jì)劃可再生燃料發(fā)電部分地在某種程度上口腔衛(wèi)生就此而言源自于支撐眼鏡框太陽電池板一定會碳排放量無疑地；極大地我絕不想采掘稅汽車大軍燃油汽車蜂窩技術(shù)不禁納悶超過提到天然氣設(shè)備天然氣灶5farandawaythebestactressFarbeitfrommederivesgreatpleasurefromplayingtheviolinupwardsof30,000yuandestinednevertoseeeachotheragaininpartbecauseofthepostalstrikeforthatmatter,neitherwouldISpeakingofmoneyIntensivereadingWarmingupdailyactivitiesindividualpersonecologicalfootprintfossilfuelsnaturalresourceselectronicdeviceprocesstheenvironmentTeacher’sreferenceYourcarbonfootprintisthesumofallemissionsofCO2(carbondioxide),whichwereinducedbyyouractivitiesinagiventimeframe.Whenyoudriveacar,theengineburnsfuelwhichcreatesacertainamountofCO2,dependingonitsfuelconsumptionandthedrivingdistance.Whenyouheatyourhousewithoil,gasorcoal,thenyoualsogenerateCO2.Evenifyouheatyourhousewithelectricity,thegenerationoftheelectricalpowermayalsohaveemittedacertainamountofCO2.Whenyoubuyfoodandgoods,theproductionofthefoodandgoods，transportingthemtoourlocationsandtheamountoftimetheyneedtobreakdownanddegradealsoaffectthecarbonfootprints.Textunderstanding11toincreaserenewableenergyproductiontoincreaseenergyefficiencyintheelectricgridtomakebuildingsmoreenergyefficienttochangeourenergyconsumptionbehavior2Joinyourneighborsandsaveenergy.Saveenergytosavemoney.Saveenergytoprotecttheenvironment.Conserveenergy:forfuturegenerationsandthebenefitofsociety.Summerishereandit’stimetosaveenergy.2tochangehumanbehaviordramaticallydifferentamountsofenergyusemonthlybillonlineprofilesmorefrequentcontactsmileyfacestheyweremoreefficientthantheirneighborsmessagingonenergyusedestroymythsaddressour“statusquobias”themostpowerfulwedgeofalladdinguptheminutesavingsofindividualstoamassivescaleLanguageBuilding11-5:ceabi6-10:hdjfg21-5:CCCAC6-10:CBBBB3efficiencycompetitivenessmeasureresidentialprosperitymasspsychologistcomparisoninterventionseffective4implementhouseholdmonetaryminutecurrentdrastic5carbonfootprintrenewableenergyenergyefficiencyconserveenergymeterreadingchiefscientistresidentialcustomeronlineprofilemonetaryincentivecutbackratechangebecomparablewithpilotprogrampeaktimefalseclaimcommunicationstrategystatusquotakeaccountofparticipationlevelcarbonemissionhouseholdappliancelivesidebysidebehavioraldifferencemonthlybillthirdpartybackgroundinformationgothroughgodown6Thesebehavioraldifferencesweredemonstratedinafamouspsychologyexperimentthatfocusedonhomeenergyuse.Inspiredbythefindings,AlexLaskeyandDanYateslaunchedOpower,aUS-basedenergysoftwarecompany.That’scomparablewiththeaveragesavingsthecompanyexperiencedinitsfirstmunicipalpilotprograminwhichcustomerswereessentiallypaidtoturndowntheirACsduringpeaktimes.Messagesthatdestroymythscanbeeffectivebecausetheydonotrequiremuchbackgroundinformationordrasticchangesinbehaviortoimplement.Americanhouseholds,whichaccountforaround38%ofUScarbonemissions,couldsave20%ofhouseholddirectemissionsor7.4%ofUSnationalemissions.7California,alongwithFloridaandHawaii,isamongthemostpopularUStouristdestinations.Shevisitedmeonthedaypriortoherdeath.Theylookedtothegovernmentforadditionalsupport.Thezooneedsbettermanagementratherthanmoremoney.Ourpricesarecomparablewiththoseinothershops.AcademicwritingMicro-skill:Formality1provideinitiatepossessundertakeadoptdeemendeavorproveresolveconstitute2slightlymultipleIn

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sufficientdemandingabundantscarceapproach3Today’spowergridswillnotbeabletosupporttheenergygoalsofthefuture.Likeallgreatinventions,thelightbulbcannotbecreditedtooneinventor.Onecanhardlyimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutfossilfuels.Whenconsideringthingssuchasenergyindependence,onehastoconsiderallofthepotentialconsequencesinvolved.Theglobalwarmingproblemcannotbeseparatedfromtheenergyproblem.Noevidencehasbeenfoundofgroundwatercontamination.Nuclearenergyshouldbeanoption,butnottheonlyoneforthefuture.Itisobviousthattheglobaloilsupplywillnotsustainanoverpopulatedplanet.Macro-skill:Topicsentence1toospecifictoogeneralBestTSincomplete2properorder:31254;TS:23Example:2WeChatWeChathaschangedthewaywedodailybusinesstransactions.AddictingtoWeChatcanbeharmful.TherearesomesuggestionsashowtoovercometheaddictiontoWeChat.4Windindustryjobsaregrowingfast.Theworldisfacingthreegreatenergychallenges.Ageopoliticalmodelhasseveralpurposes.Sharing1ThepiechartillustratesthesourcesoftheaverageAmerican’scarbonemissions.Asisshowninthechart,transportation