考點(diǎn)分類練(九)詞句猜測(cè)題(3)高考總復(fù)習(xí)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)GAOKAOZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI2025Passage

1(2024山東德州一模)主題:英文句子

詞數(shù):372

難度:★★☆☆☆ThinkyouhaveagoodgraspofEnglish?Good.Readthesixsentencesbelow,then.Sentence1:Theoldmantheboat.Sentence2:ThecottonclothingismadeofgrowsinMississippi.Sentence3:Timeflieslikeanarrow;fruitflieslikeabanana.Sentence4:Fatpeopleeatcollects.Sentence5:Themanwhohuntsducksoutonweekends.Sentence6:Thecomplexhousesmarriedandsinglesoldiersandtheirfamilies.Linguists(語(yǔ)言學(xué)家)callthese“gardenpathsentences”,whichtakeyoubythehandandleadyoudownawindingpathtoadeadend.Despitethis,

they’reallgrammaticallycorrect.Let’sseewhy.Sentence

1:The

old

man

the

boat.BesidessoundinglikearejectedHemingwaytitle,thissentenceisindeedgrammaticallycorrectthankstosomewell-placedhomonyms—wordsthatsharethesamespellingsbuthavedifferentmeanings.Homonym1hereis“old”,usedasanoun,meaning“oldpeople”;homonym2is“man”,usedasaverb,meaning“toservein/on”.Withthatinmind,thesentencemeans“Theoldpeopleserveontheboat.”Sentence

2:The

cotton

clothing

is

made

of

grows

in

Mississippi.Atfirstread,you’dthink“ismadeof”isthemainverbofthissentence.

Butit’snot.Thesimplestformofthissentenceis“ThecottongrowsinMississippi”;confusingly,“clothingismadeof”isusedtotelluswhatcottonwe’retalkingabout.Thissentencewouldmakewaymoresenseifwritten“ThecottonthatclothingismadeofgrowsinMississippi”,butEnglishallowsustoremovecertainconjunctionslike“that”,withitsmeaningmaintained.Sentence

3:Time

flies

like

an

arrow;fruit

flies

like

a

banana.Thefirsthalfofthissentenceiseasytocatch.Sowhendealingwiththeotherhalf,peopleusuallyfollowthestructureofthefirsthalf,andit’dbeunderstoodas“fruitsflylikebananas”.Thisisobviouslyunreasonable.Onlywhenpeoplerethinkcantheyrecognizethetruemeaningofthesentence.

Therefore,suchsentencesmanagetomakepeopleignorethestructureofthesentenceitself,thusdepartingfromitsoriginalmeaning.Comeon!Takeawalkdownthegardenpathwiththerestofthesentences.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了對(duì)特殊的英文句子的理解。1.What’s

the

characteristic

of

“garden

path

sentences”

according

to

linguists?A.Misleading

but

error-free.B.Accurate

and

plain.C.Improperly-worded

and

meaningless.D.Ungrammatical

but

comprehensible.答案

A解析

推理判斷題。由文章第八段“Linguists

call

these‘garden

path

sentences’,which

take

you

by

the

hand

and

lead

you

down

a

winding

path

to

a

dead

end.Despite

this,they’re

all

grammatically

correct.Let’s

see

why.”可知,這些句子的特點(diǎn)是誤導(dǎo)但沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤。2.Which

word

is

an

example

similar

to

the

homonym

of

“man”

in

sentence

1?A.“grows”

in

sentence

2.B.“eat”

in

sentence

4.C.“hunts”

in

sentence

5.D.“houses”

in

sentence

6.答案

D解析

推理判斷題。由文章第一個(gè)標(biāo)題“Sentence

1:The

old

man

the

boat.”下的“Homonym

1

here

is‘old’,used

as

a

noun,meaning‘old

people’;

homonym

2

is‘man’,used

as

a

verb,meaning‘to

serve

in/on’.”和第七段“Sentence

6:The

complex

houses

married

and

single

soldiers

and

their

families.”可知,第6句中的“houses”可以是名詞“房子”,本句中用作動(dòng)詞“給(某人)提供住處”與第1句中“man”都是具有名詞詞性,在句子中用作動(dòng)詞。3.Which

of

the

following

correctly

interprets

“fruit

flies

like

a

banana”

in

sentence

3?A.“fruitflies”referstoasortofinsect.B.“flies”servesastheverbofthesentence.C.“flieslike”explainswhatfruitistalkedabout.D.“l(fā)ike”hasthesamemeaningasthe“l(fā)ike”beforeit.答案

A解析

詞句猜測(cè)題。由文章第三個(gè)標(biāo)題“Sentence

3:Time

flies

like

an

arrow;fruit

flies

like

a

banana.”下的內(nèi)容可知,句子應(yīng)該理解為“fruit

flies”為句子主語(yǔ),意為“果蠅”,指的是一種昆蟲(chóng);謂語(yǔ)是“l(fā)ike”意為“喜歡”;賓語(yǔ)是“a

banana”,意為“香蕉”。4.What

can

be

the

troublemaker

in

sentence

4?A.The

ill-placed

verbs.B.The

removal

of

“that”.C.The

grammar

mistakes.D.The

lack

of

noun

behind

“collects”.答案

B解析

推理判斷題。由文章第五段中“Sentence

4:Fat

people

eat

collects.”可知,people前省略了that,that

people

eat為定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞Fat,“Fat”此處作名詞,意為“脂肪;肥肉”,所以“that”的省略導(dǎo)致句子不好理解。Passage

2

(2024貴州貴陽(yáng)一模)主題:蜜蜂

詞數(shù):303

難度:★★★☆☆

Beesaremorethanjusthoney-makers.Theyareessentialpollinators(傳粉者)thathelpmaintainthebalanceofourecosystemsandthediversityofourcrops.BeesareamongthemostdiverseandplentifulinsectsonEarth,withover20,000speciesworldwide.TheybelongtotheorderHymenoptera(膜翅目昆蟲(chóng)),whichalsoincludeswasps,ants,andsawflies.Beeshaveevolvedtofeedonnectar(花蜜)andpollenfromflowers,andindoingso,theytransferpollenfromoneflowertoanother,enablingfertilization(受精)andreproduction.Thisprocess,calledpollination,isessentialforthesurvivalofmanyplants,especiallythosethatproducefruits,nuts,seeds,andvegetablesthatweeat.AccordingtotheFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO),beesandotherpollinatorsaffect35%ofglobalagriculturalland,supportingtheproductionof87%oftheleadingfoodcropsworldwide.Pollinationalsoenhancesthequalityandquantityofthecrops,aswellastheirresistancetopestsanddiseases.Withoutbeesandotherpollinators,ourfoodsupplyandourbiodiversitywouldbeatrisk.Unfortunately,beesarefacingmanythreats,suchashabitatloss,pesticideuse,climatechange,diseases,andinvasivespecies.TheFAOestimatesthat16.5%ofvertebrate(脊椎動(dòng)物)pollinatorsand40%ofinvertebratepollinators,suchasbees,arefacingextinction.Thiscouldhaveseriousconsequencesforourfoodsecurity,ourlivelihoods,andourenvironment.Therefore,itisimportanttoprotectthebeesandtheirhabitats,andtoraiseawarenessabouttheirroleandvalue.Onewaytoappreciateandsupportthebeesistolearnhowtoidentifythemandobservetheirbehavior.Youmightbesurprisedbythediversityandbeautyofthebeesthatvisityourbackyard,garden,orbalcony.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了蜜蜂不僅是蜂蜜制造者,更是至關(guān)重要的傳粉者,對(duì)于維護(hù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)平衡、豐富農(nóng)作物多樣性起著不可或缺的作用,同時(shí)指出蜜蜂面臨的生存挑戰(zhàn)及保護(hù)蜜蜂的緊迫性。5.Why

are

pollinators

important?A.They

help

the

bees

fertilize.B.They

keep

the

crops

diverse.C.They

support

the

bees

to

make

honey.D.They

protect

insects

such

as

wasps.答案

B解析

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Bees

are

more

than

just

honey-makers.They

are

essential

pollinators

that

help

maintain

the

balance

of

our

ecosystems

and

the

diversity

of

our

crops.”可知,傳粉昆蟲(chóng)很重要是因?yàn)樗鼈冊(cè)诰S持生態(tài)系統(tǒng)平衡和農(nóng)作物多樣性方面至關(guān)重要。6.What

is

the

second

paragraph

mainly

about?A.How

pollination

works.B.How

the

flowers

attract

bees.C.How

the

bees

reproduce.D.How

the

plants

produce

fruits.答案

A解析

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知,第二段主要介紹了蜜蜂通過(guò)取食花蜜和花粉進(jìn)行傳粉,從而幫助植物受精和繁殖的過(guò)程,即“傳粉是如何運(yùn)作的”。7.What

does

the

underlined

word

“This”

in

paragraph

5

probably

refer

to?A.Climatechange.B.Pesticideuse.C.Pollinators’survivalcrisis.D.Bees’habitatloss.答案

C解析

詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段的“The

FAO

estimates

that

16.5%

of

vertebrate

pollinators

and

40%

of

invertebrate

pollinators,such

as

bees,are

facing

extinction.”可知,蜜蜂和其他傳粉者面臨滅絕的危機(jī),“這種危機(jī)”可能導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的后果,因此,“This”指代的是“傳粉者生存危機(jī)”。8.Which

would

be

the

best

title

for

the

text?A.A

duty:Protect

Bees’

HabitatB.A

Means:Observe

Bees’

BehaviourC.Bees:Maintainers

of

the

EcosystemD.Bees:Consumers

at

the

Top

of

the

Food

Chain答案

C解析

主旨大意題。通讀全文,尤其根據(jù)第一段以及倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容可知,文章主要圍繞蜜蜂作為生態(tài)系統(tǒng)維護(hù)者的核心角色展開(kāi),論述了其傳粉功能對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)、生物多樣性和環(huán)境穩(wěn)定性的重大意義,同時(shí)指出蜜蜂面臨的生存挑戰(zhàn)及其保護(hù)的緊迫性。所以“蜜蜂:生態(tài)系統(tǒng)維護(hù)者”適合作本文的標(biāo)題。Passage

3(2024四川成都二模)主題:保護(hù)個(gè)人隱私

詞數(shù):303

難度:★★★☆☆There’sanenormousamountofpersonalhealthinformationpeoplenowfeedortapintodigitalmonitors,healthapps,searchenginesandotheronlinetools.Ifthesameinformationwereprovidedinyourdoctor’soffice,yourprivacywouldbesafeguarded.Butthat’snothowthedigitizedhealthworldworks.Instead,wehaveanecosystemofabuseinwhichhealthtechnologycompaniesoperatelargelyoutsidethelawthatrequiresdoctorsandothermedicalpersonnel,hospitalsandinsurerstoprotectanindividual’shealthinformation.Thatmeanstechnologycompaniescan—anddo—digyourdigitaldataforcluesaboutyourhealthstatus,accessinginformationlikeprescriptionsyouhavepurchasedandotherhealthservicesyoumighthavesought,andpotentiallylinkthisinformationtoyourname,address,emailaddressandotherpersonallyidentifyinginformation.ThedatacanthenbeusedbyplatformsincludingMetaandGoogletohelpadvertiserstargetpromotionsorothercommunicationstoyou.It’sagapingholeinhealthprivacyprotectionsthatcomesfromtheprivacylaw,whichprotectsinteractionsbetweenpatients,medicalprofessionalsandinsurersbutdoesnot,inmostcases,protectpatienthealthdatathatisrecordedonnewtechnologies.Closingthepatientprivacygapcan-andshould-beapriorityforlawmakers.Theconsequencesofdigitalexposureforthoseseekingreproductiveserviceshavedrawnsignificantconcernandattention.Theseworriesarereasonable.Butreproductivecareisonlyoneareaofhealthserviceswhereprivatepatientinformationisdigitallydisclosed.Therefore,lawmakersmusttakeactiontoprotecttheprivacyofpeoplewhoarenowonlineforallmannersofpersonal,professionalandotherreasons.Untilthen,anarrowlytargetedapproachthatprotectshealthprivacymaybepoliticallyeasiertocomeintoeffect.Theexplosionofdigitalhealthtechnologyandthedramaticincreaseinitsuseinthepastfewyearsrequireitgreatly.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要圍繞數(shù)字化健康世界中個(gè)人隱私保護(hù)的問(wèn)題展開(kāi)論述,分析了當(dāng)前健康技術(shù)公司在處理個(gè)人健康信息時(shí)存在的法律漏洞和濫用現(xiàn)象,并強(qiáng)調(diào)了立法者需要采取行動(dòng)來(lái)保護(hù)個(gè)人隱私的重要性。9.What

can

we

learn

about

the

present

situation

of

the

digitized

health

world?A.Personal

health

data

is

used

for

other

purposes.B.Personal

health

information

is

difficult

to

identify.C.Targeted

promotions

are

used

to

improve

people’s

health.D.Medical

personnel

protect

the

personal

health

information

well.答案

A解析

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段和第三段內(nèi)容可知,現(xiàn)在我們的個(gè)人健康信息沒(méi)有得到應(yīng)有的保護(hù),這些數(shù)據(jù)反而被包括Meta和谷歌在內(nèi)的平臺(tái)使用,以幫助廣告商向你定向促銷或其他通信。10.What’s

the

author’s

attitude

towards

the

present

privacy

law?A.Approving.

B.Critical.C.Cautious.