高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1河北省部分地區(qū)2025-2026學年高三上學期11月階段性測試英語試卷第一部分聽力(略)第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AScientistshaveproposedanewwaytodefinedomestication(馴化).Unlikeolderviewsthatfocusedonhumancontrolorgeneticchanges,thenewdefinitionfocusesondependency.Aspeciesisconsidereddomesticatedifitssurvivalandreproductiondependonanenvironmentcreatedbyhumans.Itcannotthriveindependentlyinthewild.Thisnewdefinitionhelpsscientistsunderstandhowhumanactivitiesshapethenaturalworld.Ashumanschangeenvironments,morespeciesmaybecomedependentonusforsurvival.Italsochallengesourideasaboutwhichspeciesweconsider“domesticated,”expandingtheconceptbeyondjustanimalswekeepaspetsorfarmanimals.Thenewdefinitionofdomesticationexpandsourunderstandingofhowspeciesevolveinrelationtohumanenvironments.Byfocusingondependencyandadaptationratherthanhumanintentionorutility,wecanrecognizeabroaderrangeofdomesticatedorganisms.Dogs,bedbugs,andcornallsharethecorecharacteristicofhavingchangedovertimetodependonhumanenvironmentsforsurvival.Whiletheyrepresentdifferenttypesofrelationshipswithhumans—fromcompanionshiptoparasitismtoagriculture—theyallfitthemodernbiologicaldefinitionofdomestication.Thisperspectivechallengestraditionalcategorizationsandhighlightshowhumanactivityshapesevolutionacrossdiversespecies,whetherintentionallyorasabyproductofourenvironmentalfootprint.1.Whatisanecessityofthenewlydefined“domestication”?A.Geneticchanges. B.Artificialenvironment.C.Specialfoods. D.Self-sufficiency.2.Howdoesthenewdefinitionexpandourunderstanding?A.Itbroadenedtheconceptintoplants. B.Itchallengesourideasofdomesticated.C.Itfocusesontheadaptationofanimals. D.Itwillchangeovertimes.3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Cornsaredifferentfromdogsandbedbugs.B.Humanactivitiescanformthedevelopmentofspecies.C.Domesticationexpandsviaadaptation.D.Speciesavoidhumans.【答案】1.B2.B3.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了科學家提出馴化新定義（強調(diào)依賴性）及其對理解物種與人類關系的影響?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Aspeciesisconsidereddomesticatedifitssurvivalandreproductiondependonanenvironmentcreatedbyhumans.(如果一個物種的生存和繁殖依賴于人類創(chuàng)造的環(huán)境，則被視為馴化)”可知，新定義的核心必要條件是依賴人工環(huán)境。故選B。【2題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Italsochallengesourideasaboutwhichspeciesweconsider“domesticated,”expandingtheconceptbeyondjustanimalswekeepaspetsorfarmanimals.(它也挑戰(zhàn)了我們對“馴化物種”的認知，將這一概念拓展到寵物或農(nóng)場動物之外)”可知，新定義通過挑戰(zhàn)原有認知來拓展我們的理解。故選B。【3題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thisperspectivechallengestraditionalcategorizationsandhighlightshowhumanactivityshapesevolutionacrossdiversespecies,whetherintentionallyorasabyproductofourenvironmentalfootprint.(這種觀點挑戰(zhàn)了傳統(tǒng)的分類方式，突顯了人類活動如何塑造不同物種的進化，無論是否出于有意，還是我們環(huán)境足跡的副產(chǎn)品)”可知，人類活動影響物種發(fā)展。故選B。BOnOctober24,1975,ahistoriceventtookplaceinIceland—90%ofitswomenjoinedtogetherforashared“dayoff”toprotestthegreatunfairnesstheyfaced.Formanyyears,theyhadputupwithlowerpaythanmen,commondiscriminationatwork,andpeoplealwayslookingdownontheworktheydidathome.Fedupwithbeingpushedaside,theylefttheirhousesandjobs,wantingtoshowsocietyhowimportanttheyreallywere.Thestrike’seffectwasquickandwide-ranging.Daycarecentersandschoolsclosed,makingmentakecareoftheirchildren—manyevenbroughtkidstotheiroffices.Shops,theaters,andimportantfishingfactoriesstoppedworkingwithoutwomenemployees.InReykjavík’smainsquare,25,000womengottogether,holdingsignsthatcalledforequality.Femalepoliticiansstoodonstage,encouragingmorewomentotakepartinpubliclife.Eventhoughitwasofficiallycalleda“dayoff”togetaroundlegalrulesagainststrikes,itwasastrongactofprotestthatshookthewholecountry.Thisimportantdaystartedrealchanges.Onlyoneyearlater,Icelandpassedanimportantequalrightslaw.Fiveyearsafterthat,itmadehistorybyelectingtheworld’sfirstfemalepresidentchosenthroughdemocraticvotes.Today,Icelandhasbeennamedtheworld’smostgender-equalcountryfor16yearsinarow.Womenholdkeypositionsfromprimeministertouniversityleaders,supportedbypolicieslikepaidtimeoffforparentsandrulesthatrequireequalpayforthesamework.Thestrike’sinspirationspreadbeyondIceland,givingenergytowomen’smovementsinPoland,Spain,andothercountries.Fiftyyearslater,whilecompletegenderequalityisstillsomethingtoworktoward,the1975strike’sinfluenceliveson—itremindstheworldthatworkingtogethercanfightunfairnessandbuildamorejustfuture.4.WhatdidIcelandicwomenprotestin1975?A.Prejudicedtreatmentintheworkera. B.Ashared“dayoff”forwomen.C.Thelowerpayofmen. D.Prejudicedtreatmentinthehistory.5.Whathappenedduringthe1975strike?A.Lawschangedimmediately. B.Womencontrolledgovernment.C.Menbalancedworkandkids. D.Factoriesfiredmaleworkers.6.Whatfollowedthestrikesoonafter?A.Alljobspreferredwomenfirst. B.Femalepresidentassumedoffice.C.Freechildcarewasoffered. D.Unbiasedrightslawwasmade.7.What’sthepassagemainlyabout?A.Icelandwomen’sequalityfight. B.Globalwomen’sstrikehistory.C.Iceland’sfemaleleaders’deeds. D.Genderrulesinworkplaces.【答案】4.A5.C6.D7.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了1975年冰島女性罷工抗議不公的事件及其帶來的國內(nèi)變革和國際影響?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“90%ofitswomenjoinedtogetherforashared‘dayoff’toprotestthegreatunfairnesstheyfaced.Formanyyears,theyhadputupwithlowerpaythanmen,commondiscriminationatwork,andpeoplealwayslookingdownontheworktheydidathome.(90%的女性共同休了一天“假”，抗議她們所面臨的巨大不公。多年來，她們一直忍受著比男性低的工資、職場中普遍存在的歧視，以及人們對她們家務勞動的輕視)”可知，冰島女性在1975年抗議的是職場中的歧視性待遇、薪資不公以及家務勞動被輕視等不公平對待。故選A項?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Daycarecentersandschoolsclosed,makingmentakecareoftheirchildren—manyevenbroughtkidstotheiroffices.(日托中心和學校都關閉了，這使得男性不得不照顧孩子——許多人甚至把孩子帶到了辦公室)”可知，罷工期間男性不得不兼顧工作和孩子。故選C項。【6題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Onlyoneyearlater,Icelandpassedanimportantequalrightslaw.(僅僅一年后，冰島就通過了一項重要的平等權(quán)利法)”可知，罷工后不久冰島便制定了公平的權(quán)利法案。故選D項?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，尤其是第一段中“90%ofitswomenjoinedtogetherforashared‘dayoff’toprotestthegreatunfairnesstheyfaced.(90%的女性共同休了一天“假”，抗議她們所面臨的巨大不公)”以及第三段中“Thisimportantdaystartedrealchanges.(這個重要的日子開啟了真正的變革)”和第四段中“Thestrike’sinspirationspreadbeyondIceland(這次罷工的影響力蔓延到了冰島之外)”可知，文章圍繞1975年冰島女性罷工事件展開，講述了她們?yōu)闋幦⌒詣e平等所做的斗爭及后續(xù)影響。故選A項。CAmericansliketobestraightforwardwhenitcomestogettingtoknowsomeone.Theirpersonalquestionsmightseemoffensiveinsomecultures.Forexample,“Wheredidyougotoschool?”mightannoyanEnglishman,becausetheanswerrevealshissocialstatus.Here,itissimplyanattempttospeedupthegetting-to-know-youprocess.WhilemanyAmericansareverywell-traveled,they’reintheminority.Don’tbeoffendedifacommentaboutyourcountryorcultureseemsinsulting—it’susuallyjustalackofinformation,andagentlecorrectionwillbewellaccepted.Whatiftheconversationgoeswrongtoatopicthatyoufindprivate,suchashealthorpolitics?Americanscan’talwaystakeasubtlehintwhenthey’rebeingdisturbing—alight-heartedcommentandachangeofsubjectwillprobablywork.Ifyou’refromEurope,expecttohearhowmanyfamousancestorsofyourcountryappearintheirfamilytree.Andifyou’refromBritain,thatsuddenoddwayofspeakingisprobablyanAmerican’sattempttoimitateyouraccent—it’smeanttobejoking.ThesedaysthereislittleintheUnitedStatesthattrulyoffends.Asauniversalrule,itisalsowisetoavoidtalkingaboutreligion,money,andpolitics.So,nowthatyouknowwhattoexpect,howdoyougoaboutmeetingoneofthose315millionAmericans?Aswehaveseen,Americansaredoers,joiners,andorganizers.Accordingtotheoldjoke,ifyouputtwoBritishpeopleonadesertisland,they’llformacommittee.TwoAmericansaremorelikelytosetupaboat-buildingclub,oraprofessionalassociationforsurvivors.Theycan’tresisttalkingtosomeonewhosharestheirparticularpassion,sowhateveryourprofessionalorleisureinterest,findagroupandgetinvolved.8.WhatwouldAmericansmostprobablydowhentheymeetaEuropean?A.TheywouldcorrecthisEnglishaccent.B.TheywouldhearhisopinionofAmerica.C.TheywouldinquireaboutEurope’shealthsystem.D.TheywouldboastabouttheirEuropeanancestors.9.Accordingtothewriter,whatshouldaEuropeandotogetalongwithAmericans?A.Jointheirgroups. B.Setupaclubforthem.C.Talkabouttheirhistory. D.Keepthematadistance.10.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardsAmericans?A.Indifferent. B.Objective.C.Critical. D.Disappointed.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.WorkingwithEuropeans B.FindingoutAmericans’PassionsC.GettingtoKnowAmericans D.LearningaboutEuropean【答案】8.D9.A10.B11.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。本文介紹美國人直接的溝通特點、交往中的常見情況與禁忌，建議通過加入相關團體與美國人相處，助力讀者了解并順暢結(jié)交美國人?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Ifyou’refromEurope,expecttohearhowmanyfamousancestorsofyourcountryappearintheirfamilytree.(如果你來自歐洲，你可能會聽到他們說自己的家譜中有多少位你國家的著名祖先。)”可知，美國人遇到歐洲人時，很可能會吹噓自己有歐洲著名祖先。故選D項?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Theycan’tresisttalkingtosomeonewhosharestheirparticularpassion,sowhateveryourprofessionalorleisureinterest,findagroupandgetinvolved.(他們無法抗拒與分享自己特定愛好的人交談，所以無論你有什么職業(yè)或休閑興趣，找到一個團體并參與其中。)”可知，歐洲人要與美國人相處，應該加入他們的團體。故選A項?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Americansliketobestraightforwardwhenitcomestogettingtoknowsomeone.Theirpersonalquestionsmightseemoffensiveinsomecultures.(美國人在認識他人時喜歡直截了當。他們的個人問題在某些文化中可能顯得冒犯。)”、第二段“Don’tbeoffendedifacommentaboutyourcountryorcultureseemsinsulting—it’susuallyjustalackofinformation(如果關于你的國家或文化的評論聽起來帶有冒犯性，不要生氣——這通常只是因為信息不足)”、第三段“Andifyou’refromBritain,thatsuddenoddwayofspeakingisprobablyanAmerican’sattempttoimitateyouraccent—it’smeanttobejoking(如果你來自英國，那種突然奇怪的說話方式可能是美國人試圖模仿你的口音——這是開玩笑的意思。)”及下文可知，作者既客觀描述了美國人直接、可能因信息不足發(fā)表不當言論等特點，也說明了他們的社交習慣和相處方式，沒有加入主觀的贊美或批評，態(tài)度是客觀的。故選B項?！?1題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文特別是第一段“Americansliketobestraightforwardwhenitcomestogettingtoknowsomeone.Theirpersonalquestionsmightseemoffensiveinsomecultures.Forexample,“Wheredidyougotoschool?”mightannoyanEnglishman,becausetheanswerrevealshissocialstatus.Here,itissimplyanattempttospeedupthegetting-to-know-youprocess.(美國人在結(jié)識他人時喜歡直截了當。他們的一些個人問題在某些文化中可能顯得冒犯無禮。例如，“你畢業(yè)于哪所學校？”這樣的問題可能會惹惱英國人——因為答案會暴露其社會地位，而在美國，這僅僅是為了加快彼此熟悉的進程。)”可知，文章開篇介紹美國人認識他人時的直接溝通特點及可能引發(fā)的文化差異問題，接著說明與美國人交往中可能遇到的情況（如不當評論、模仿口音）和禁忌（避免宗教、金錢、政治話題），最后給出“找到相關團體并參與其中”的相處建議，全文圍繞“了解美國人”展開，核心是幫助讀者認識美國人的社交特點并順暢與之相處。故選C項。DWhenyouopenavideoappandfindexactlythecontentyouwanttowatch,whatfeelslikea“perfectmatch”mayactuallybeacarefullydesignedtrapthatslowlylimitsyourabilitytochoosefreely.AteamofsocialscientistsfromStanfordUniversity,whospenttwoyearsanalyzingthebehaviorof10,000appusersacrossdifferentagegroups,recentlypublishedastudythatchallengesthewidelyheldbeliefthatpersonalizedrecommendationalgorithmsonlymakeourlivesmoreconvenient.Thestudyfoundthatwhilethesealgorithms,whichareprogrammedtoprioritizeuserengagement,initiallykeeppeopleinterestedbyshowingthemcontenttheylike,theygraduallypushusersintonarrowerandnarrower“informationbubbles”wheretheyareexposedtofewerandfewerideasthatdifferfromtheirown.Whatismoreworryingisthatmostusersdonotrealizethisprocessishappeningbecausethechangeinthecontenttheyseeissoslowthatitisalmostunnoticeabledaybyday.Dr.MayaCarter,theleadresearcher,explainedthatthedangerofthesebubblesisnotjustthattheylimitknowledgebutthattheyweakenpeople’sabilitytounderstandandrespectviewsthatconflictwiththeirpreferences—askillthatisessentialforlivinginadiversesociety.Shegaveanexample:auserwholikessportsmaystartseeingonlysportsvideos,thenonlyvideosaboutonesport,andfinallyonlycontentthatsupportsasingleteam,withoutevennoticingthattheirworldofinformationisshrinking.Thestudydoesnotsuggestthatpeopleshouldstopusingtheseapps,whichhavebecomeanimportantpartofmodernlife,butitdoescallonuserstoactivelyseekoutdifferenttypesofcontentandondeveloperstoadjusttheiralgorithmssothattheybalancepersonalizationwiththeneedtoexposeuserstoawiderrangeofinformation.“Truefreedomofchoice,”Dr.Carterconcluded,“comesnotfrombeinggivenwhatyouwantnowbutfromhavingthechancetodiscoverwhatyoumightneedlater.”12.Whatcoreissuedoesthestudyfocuson?A.AIapps’dailyconvenience B.Algorithms’effectonchoiceC.Users’preferenceforsports D.Apps’popularagegroups13.Whatmakes“informationbubbles”harmful?A.Theyreduceusers’socialskills B.TheyslowdownapprunningC.Theylimitdiverseviews D.Theywasteusers’time14.Whatdoes“shrinking”meaninParagraph3?A.Becomingsmaller B.GrowingfasterC.Beingclearer D.Turningsimpler15.WhatisDr.Carter’sadvice?A.StopusingAIappstotally B.SeekdiverseappcontentC.Chooseonlypersonalizedapps D.Developnewappalgorithms【答案】12.B13.C14.A15.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。主要說明了斯坦福大學研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，個性化推薦算法雖初期便捷，卻會緩慢將用戶推入“信息繭房”，限制多元觀點接觸與自由選擇，呼吁用戶主動尋求多樣內(nèi)容、開發(fā)者調(diào)整算法?！?2題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Whenyouopenavideoappandfindexactlythecontentyouwanttowatch,whatfeelslikea“perfectmatch”mayactuallybeacarefullydesignedtrapthatslowlylimitsyourabilitytochoosefreely.(當你打開視頻應用程序，發(fā)現(xiàn)正是你想要觀看的內(nèi)容時，那種看似“完美匹配”的感覺實際上可能是一個精心設計的陷阱，它會逐漸限制你自由選擇的權(quán)利)”可知，該研究關注的核心問題是算法對選擇的影響。故選B。【13題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thestudyfoundthatwhilethesealgorithms,whichareprogrammedtoprioritizeuserengagement,initiallykeeppeopleinterestedbyshowingthemcontenttheylike,theygraduallypushusersintonarrowerandnarrower“informationbubbles”wheretheyareexposedtofewerandfewerideasthatdifferfromtheirown.(該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，盡管這些算法旨在優(yōu)先考慮用戶參與度，它們起初會通過向用戶展示他們喜歡的內(nèi)容來保持他們的興趣，但隨著時間的推移，它們會將用戶逐漸推向越來越狹小的“信息繭房”之中，在那里他們接觸到的與自己觀點不同的想法越來越少)”可知，“信息繭房”限制了不同的觀點。故選C?！?4題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“auserwholikessportsmaystartseeingonlysportsvideos,thenonlyvideosaboutonesport,andfinallyonlycontentthatsupportsasingleteam(一個喜歡體育的用戶可能會開始只看體育相關的視頻，然后只看關于某項體育運動的視頻，最后只看到支持某一支球隊的內(nèi)容)”可知，前文舉例提到喜歡體育的用戶，會從看到各類體育視頻，逐漸縮小范圍到某一項運動，再到僅支持某一支球隊的內(nèi)容。這種情況下用戶接觸的信息范圍不斷變小，故劃線詞意思是“變得更小”。故選A?！?5題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段““Truefreedomofchoice,”Dr.Carterconcluded,“comesnotfrombeinggivenwhatyouwantnowbutfromhavingthechancetodiscoverwhatyoumightneedlater.”(卡特博士總結(jié)道：“真正的選擇自由，并非源于當下就能得到自己想要的東西，而是源于有機會去探尋自己日后可能所需的東西。”)”可知，卡特博士的建議是尋找多樣化的應用程序內(nèi)容。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。TheArtofMindfulReadingintheDigitalAgeInaworldfilledwithshort-formcontentanddigitaldistractions,mindfulreading—deliberate,focusedengagementwithatext—hasbecomeavaluablepractice.Unlikepassivescrolling,itrequiresintentionalityandpresence.___16___Itenrichesthinking,deepensempathy,andfosterscalm.Topracticemindfulreading,firstcreateadistraction-freeenvironment.___17___Turnoffphonenotifications,findaquietspace,andsetaside20-30minutesdaily.Thisdedicatedtimehelpsyourbrainshifttocontemplationmodefordeeperengagement.Next,approachthetextwithcuriosity,nota“finishquickly”goal.___18___Pausetoreflectonunfamiliarconcepts,rereadconfusingparts,andask:Whatistheauthorconveying?Howdoesthisconnecttomyexperiences?Activeengagementturnsreadingintoadialogue.Embracesilenceandpatiencetoo.___19___Inaspeed-obsessedculture,it’seasytofeelanxiousifyoudon’t“get”atextimmediately.Butmindfulreadingencouragessittingwithuncertainty,lettingideasunfoldnaturally.Thisreducesstressandimprovescomprehension.Finally,reflectafterreading.Jotdownkeyinsightsorquestionspost-chapter.___20___Writingsolidifiesunderstandingandmakestheexperiencepersonal.Mindfulreadingisaboutcultivatingadeeperrelationshipwithwords.Itoffersachancetoslowdown,thinkdeeply,andreconnectwiththepowerofideas.A.Thisreflectiondoesn’thavetobeformal—notesworkfine.B.It’saskillthatcanbedevelopedwithregularpractice.C.Avoidmultitasking—readingwhileeatingdividesattention.D.Manystrugglewithitduetoconstantdigitalstimulation.E.Itprioritizesdepthoverspeed,unlikeskimming.F.Thisintentionalfocushelpsabsorbandretaininformationbetter.G.Rushingtomeeta“readinggoal”defeatsmindfulengagement.【答案】16.E17.C18.G19.B20.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了在數(shù)字時代如何進行有意識的閱讀，強調(diào)專注、環(huán)境、好奇心、耐心及閱讀后的反思的重要性?！?6題詳析】由上文“Inaworldfilledwithshort-formcontentanddigitaldistractions,mindfulreading—deliberate,focusedengagementwithatext—hasbecomeavaluablepractice.Unlikepassivescrolling,itrequiresintentionalityandpresence.(在一個充斥著短內(nèi)容和數(shù)字干擾的世界里，有意識的閱讀——刻意、專注地參與文本——已經(jīng)成為一種有價值的實踐。與被動滾動不同，它需要主動性和專注于當下)”可知，本空需承接上文對正念閱讀的定義，進一步說明其核心特征，同時引出下文的益處。E選項“Itprioritizesdepthoverspeed,unlikeskimming.(與略讀不同，它更注重深度而非速度)”能夠承上啟下，符合語境。故選E。【17題詳析】由上文“Topracticemindfulreading,firstcreateadistraction-freeenvironment.(要進行有意識的閱讀，首先要創(chuàng)造一個不受干擾的環(huán)境)”可知，本空應具體說明如何創(chuàng)造無干擾環(huán)境。C選項“Avoidmultitasking—readingwhileeatingdividesattention.(避免一心多用——邊吃邊讀會分散注意力)”能夠承接上文，進一步說明如何避免干擾，符合語境。故選C。【18題詳析】由上文“Next,approachthetextwithcuriosity,nota“finishquickly”goal.(接下來，帶著好奇心去閱讀文本，而不是以“快速完成”為目標)”及下文“Pausetoreflectonunfamiliarconcepts,rereadconfusingparts,andask:Whatistheauthorconveying?Howdoesthisconnecttomyexperiences?Activeengagementturnsreadingintoadialogue.(停下來思考不熟悉的概念，重讀令人困惑的部分，并問：作者在傳達什么？這與我的經(jīng)歷有何聯(lián)系？積極參與將閱讀變成一場對話)”可知，本空應強調(diào)快速完成閱讀目標與專注閱讀的矛盾，G選項“Rushingtomeeta“readinggoal”defeatsmindfulengagement.(急于完成“閱讀目標”會破壞專注閱讀)”能承上啟下，符合題意。故選G。【19題詳析】由上文“Embracesilenceandpatiencetoo.(也要擁抱沉默和耐心)”及下文“Inaspeed-obsessedculture,it’seasytofeelanxiousifyoudon’t“get”atextimmediately.Butmindfulreadingencouragessittingwithuncertainty,lettingideasunfoldnaturally.Thisreducesstressandimprovescomprehension.(在一個癡迷于速度的文化中，如果你不能立即“理解”一篇文章，很容易感到焦慮。但是有意識的閱讀鼓勵人們接受不確定性，讓想法自然展開。這可以減輕壓力，提高理解力)”可知，本空應強調(diào)如何培養(yǎng)“耐心”。B選項“It’saskillthatcanbedevelopedwithregularpractice.(這是一種可以通過定期練習培養(yǎng)的技能。)”能承上啟下，符合題意。故選B?！?0題詳析】由上文“Finally,reflectafterreading.Jotdownkeyinsightsorquestionspost-chapter.(最后，閱讀后要反思。在章節(jié)后寫下關鍵的見解或問題)”及下文“Writingsolidifiesunderstandingandmakestheexperiencepersonal.(寫作鞏固理解，使體驗個性化)”可知，本空需補充說明“反思”的形式，消除讀者對“反思”的正式化顧慮，同時銜接下文“書寫”的作用。A選項“Thisreflectiondoesn’thavetobeformal—notesworkfine.(這種反思不一定要很正式——做筆記就可以了)”能夠承接上文，說明反思的形式可以靈活，做筆記即可，同時引出下文對寫作（即做筆記的一種形式）的好處的描述，符合語境。故選A。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。TheNaturestudy,conductedbySriramSankararamanofHarvardMedicalSchoolandhiscolleagues,lookedatthegenomes(基因組)of1,004___21___(live)peopleofEuropeanandAsiandescentandcomparedthemwithNeanderthalDNA___22___a50,000-year-oldtoebonefoundinaSiberiancave,andalsowiththegenomesof176westAfricans.This___23___(late)group,Dr.Sankararamanassumed,couldhavelittleNeanderthalDNAinthembecauseNeanderthals,asfarascanbedeterminedfromthefossilrecord,livedonlyinEuropeandwesternAsia,___24___meanttheyhadnochancetointerbreed(雜交)withtheancestorsofmodernwest___25___(African).TheanalysisrevealedthatpeopleofEuropeanandAsiandescentcarry___26___(rough)1.5%to2.1%NeanderthalDNA,atinyproportionthatstillexertsmeasurableeffectsoncontemporaryhealth.GenesinheritedfromNeanderthals___27___(link)tovariationsinhowmodernhumansrespondtocertaininfections,suchasthosecausedbycoronaviruses,andtheyalsoinfluencetraitslikeskin___28___(thick)andhairtexturethathelpedourancestorsadapttocoldclimatestensofthousandsofyearsago.WhatisevenmorefascinatingisthatsomeNeanderthalgeneswhichonceboostedsurvivalnowposerisks,___29___theyareassociatedwithanincreasedlikelihoodofdevelopingconditionsliketype2diabetesandrheumatoidarthritis(類風濕關節(jié)炎).Thesefindingsprovethatourancientrelativesarenotentirelylost,___30___liveoninourDNAandcontinuetoshapeourlivestoday.【答案】21.living22.from23.latter24.which25.Africans26.roughly27.arelinked28.thickness29.because/as30.but【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。介紹了哈佛醫(yī)學院團隊的一項自然研究：通過對比歐亞裔、西非裔人群基因組與尼安德特人DNA，發(fā)現(xiàn)歐亞裔攜帶1.5%-2.1%尼安德特人基因，這些基因既影響現(xiàn)代人對感染的反應、皮膚厚度等特征，部分曾助力生存的基因如今也與糖尿病等疾病相關，證明遠古親屬的基因仍在影響現(xiàn)代人。【21題詳析】考查形容詞。句意：這項由哈佛醫(yī)學院的斯里拉姆?桑卡拉拉曼及其同事開展的《自然》研究，分析了1004名在世的歐洲和亞洲后裔的基因組，并將其與來自西伯利亞洞穴中一塊5萬年前的趾骨的尼安德特人DNA，以及176名西非人的基因組進行了對比。所填空修飾名詞people，需用動詞live的形容詞形式living，表“在世的、活的”，符合語境。故填living。【22題詳析】考查介詞。句意：這項由哈佛醫(yī)學院的斯里拉姆??？ɡ捌渫麻_展的《自然》研究，分析了1004名在世的歐洲和亞洲后裔的基因組，并將其與來自西伯利亞洞穴中一塊5萬年前的趾骨的尼安德特人DNA，以及176名西非人的基因組進行了對比。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處表“來自……（的DNA）”，應用介詞from。故填from。【23題詳析】考查形容詞。句意：桑卡拉拉曼博士推測，后一組（西非人群）的基因組中可能幾乎沒有尼安德特人DNA，因為根據(jù)化石記錄可以確定，尼安德特人僅生活在歐洲和西亞，這意味著他們沒有機會與現(xiàn)代西非人的祖先雜交。所填空修飾名詞group，指代前文“176westAfricans”，應用形容詞latter，表“后者的”，符合語境。故填latter?！?4題詳析】考查定語從句。句意：?？ɡ┦客茰y，后一組（西非人群）的基因組中可能幾乎沒有尼安德特人DNA，因為根據(jù)化石記錄可以確定，尼安德特人僅生活在歐洲和西亞，這意味著他們沒有機會與現(xiàn)代西非人的祖先雜交。所填空引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞是前文整個句子（尼安德特人僅生活在歐洲和西亞這一事實），且在從句中作主語，應用關系代詞which引導。故填which?！?5題詳析】考查名詞復數(shù)。句意：?？ɡ┦客茰y，后一組（西非人群）的基因組中可能幾乎沒有尼安德特人DNA，因為根據(jù)化石記錄可以確定，尼安德特人僅生活在歐洲和西亞，這意味著他們沒有機會與現(xiàn)代西非人的祖先雜交?！皐estAfrican”（西非裔人士）為可數(shù)名詞，此處表“現(xiàn)代西非人的祖先”，應用復數(shù)形式Africans。故填Africans。【26題詳析】考查副詞。句意：分析顯示，歐洲和亞洲后裔攜帶大約1.5%至2.1%的尼安德特人DNA，這一微小比例仍對當代人的健康產(chǎn)生可測量的影響。所填空修飾數(shù)詞范圍“1.5%to2.1%”，需用形容詞rough的副詞形式roughly，表“大約、粗略地”，符合語境。故填roughly。【27題詳析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：從尼安德特人那里繼承的基因與現(xiàn)代人對某些感染（如冠狀病毒引起的感染）的反應差異有關，它們還影響皮膚厚度和發(fā)質(zhì)等特征，這些特征在數(shù)萬年前幫助我們的祖先適應了寒冷氣候。此空考查謂語動詞，句子描述客觀研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，應用一般現(xiàn)在時；Genes與link為被動關系，主語為復數(shù)。故填arelinked?！?8題詳析】考查名詞。句意：從尼安德特人那里繼承的基因與現(xiàn)代人對某些感染（如冠狀病毒引起的感染）的反應差異有關，它們還影響皮膚厚度和發(fā)質(zhì)等特征，這些特征在數(shù)萬年前幫助我們的祖先適應了寒冷氣候。所填空與“hairtexture”并列，需用形容詞thick的名詞形式thickness，表“厚度”，不可數(shù)名詞作賓語，符合語境。故填thickness。【29題詳析】考查連詞。句意：更有趣的是，一些曾經(jīng)有助于生存的尼安德特人基因現(xiàn)在卻帶來了風險，因為它們與2型糖尿病和類風濕關節(jié)炎等疾病的患病風險增加有關。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處表因果關系，“帶來風險”是“與疾病相關”的結(jié)果，應用連詞because或as，表“因為”，符合語境。故填because或as?！?0題詳析】考查連詞。句意：這些發(fā)現(xiàn)證明，我們的遠古親屬并未完全消失，而是活在我們的DNA中，繼續(xù)影響著我們今天的生活?！皀ot...but...”，為固定搭配，意為“不是……而是……”，符合語境。故填but。第四部分寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(滿分15分)31.假定你是高中生李華，你校計劃舉辦“校園讀書分享季”活動，現(xiàn)需招募10名學生主持人。請你根據(jù)以下要求寫一封申請信：1.說明你申請主持人的優(yōu)勢；2.提出讓分享會更吸引人的創(chuàng)意建議；3.表達你對擔任主持人的期待。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應為80左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。Dearsir:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考范文】Dearsir:I’mLiHua,aseniorthreestudent.I’mapplyingtobeahostofthe“CampusReadingSharingSeason”formyadvantages:I’moutgoing,fluentinEnglish,andhavehostedclassactivities.Tomakethesharingsessionmoreattractive,Isuggestaddinga“bookblinddate”section—studentsexchangebooksrandomlyandsharetheirfeelings.Also,invitingteacherstoshareclassicworkscanincreaseprofessionalism.I’meagertotakethisroletoimprovemyselfandhelpcreateawonderfulreadingatmosphere.Lookingforwardtoyourreply.Yourssincerely,LiHua第二節(jié)(滿分25分)32.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Theoldlighthousekeeper,EliasVoss,hadlookedafterthecoastallightfor42years.Hisroughhands,wornbysaltwindandage,movedeasilyasheturnedthemachinethatkeptthelightspinning—animportantsafetyguideforthevillage’sfishermenandsailorssailingpasttherockyshores.Buttonight,anextremelystrongstormhitthecoast,wavescrashingagainstthelighthouse’sstonebaselikeloud,angrygiants.Eliashadcheckedthefuelsupplythatmorning—enoughforthreenights,he’dthought.Butatmidnight,thelightstartedtoflicker.Heclimbedtheironstairsandfoundtheoiltankleaking;by1a.m.,thelightwentoutcompletely.Inthetotaldarkness,heheardadistantship’shorn—itwasofftrackandheadingstraightfordanger.Grabbinghisraincoat,herushedtotheboathouse.Hisstrongwoodensmallboat,theSeabird,washisonlyhope.Butavoicestoppedhim:“Grandpa?”Lila,his16-year-oldgranddaughter,stoodinthedoorway,holdingacanvasbag.She’darrivedwithouttellinganyonethatafternoon,runningawayfromherparents’divorce.“Ihavetowarnthatship,”Eliassaid,tyingtheboattothedock.“Stayhereforthecoastguard—they’llcomeatdawn.”ButLilahadalreadyclimbedonboard.“YoutaughtmetosailwhenIwas10.Iwon’tslowyoudown.”Thewindhowledastheypushedoff.Eliasheldtheboat’ssteeringsticktightly,staringattheship’sfaintlightinthedistance.Lilascoopedwateroutoftheboat,herhandsshakingbutsteady—untilawavetallerthanthelighthousecrashedoverthem.WhenEliasopenedhiseyes,t