項(xiàng)目八：常規(guī)物理常數(shù)與性能分析任務(wù)三：沸點(diǎn)和沸程的測(cè)定煤油沸程的測(cè)定課程：工業(yè)分析中文Scenario8:PhysicalconstantsandperformancetestingTask3DeterminationofboilingpointandboilingrangeDeterminationofboilingrangeofkeroseneCourse:IndustrialAnalysisEglish一、煤油沸程測(cè)定裝置沸程測(cè)定裝置圖中文一、DeviceformeasuringtheboilingrangeofkeroseneEglish裝好儀器后，先記錄大氣壓力，后開始對(duì)蒸餾瓶均勻加熱。第一滴餾出液從冷凝管滴入量筒時(shí)，記錄此時(shí)的溫度作為初餾點(diǎn)(經(jīng)過的時(shí)間為10～15min)。初餾點(diǎn)后，移動(dòng)量筒，使其內(nèi)壁接觸冷凝管末端，讓餾出液沿著量筒內(nèi)壁流下。此后蒸餾速度要均勻，每分鐘餾出4－5毫升，這速度一般應(yīng)相當(dāng)于每10秒餾出20－25滴。在收集到10、20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90、95毫升餾出液時(shí)，要記錄蒸餾溫度計(jì)上的讀數(shù)。二、測(cè)定方法中文Afterinstallingtheinstrument,recordtheatmosphericpressurefirst,andthenstartheatingthedistillationflaskevenly.Whenthefirstdropofdistillateisdroppedfromthecondenserintothegraduatedcylinder,recordthetemperatureatthistimeastheinitialboilingpoint(thetimeelapsedis10-15minutes).Aftertheinitialboilingpoint,movethegraduatedcylindersothatitsinnerwallcontactstheendofthecondensertube,allowingthedistillatetoflowdownalongtheinnerwallofthegraduatedcylinder.Afterwards,thedistillationspeedshouldbeuniform,distilling4-5millilitersperminute,whichisgenerallyequivalenttodistilling20-25dropsevery10seconds.Whencollecting10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,and95millili二、MeasurementmethodEglish當(dāng)量筒中餾出液達(dá)到90mL時(shí)，如蒸餾汽油，允許對(duì)加熱強(qiáng)度作適當(dāng)調(diào)整，要求在3－5分鐘內(nèi)達(dá)到干點(diǎn)。在蒸餾噴氣燃料、煤油或輕柴油的過程，當(dāng)量筒中的餾出液達(dá)到95mL時(shí),不要改變加熱強(qiáng)度，從95mL到終點(diǎn)所經(jīng)過的時(shí)間不超過3min。當(dāng)不能測(cè)到干點(diǎn)時(shí)，記錄蒸餾溫度計(jì)上觀測(cè)到的最高溫度作為終點(diǎn)三、注意事項(xiàng)中文Whenthedistillateintheequivalentcylinderreaches90mL,ifgasolineisbeingdistilled,appropriateadjustmentstotheheatingintensityareallowed,anditisrequiredtoreachthedrypointwithin3-5minutes.Whendistillingjetfuel,kerosene,orlightdiesel,donotchangetheheatingintensitywhenthedistillateintheequivalentcylinderreaches95mL,andthedistillationtimefrom95mLtotheendpointshouldnotexceed3minutes.Whenthedrypointcannotbemeasured,recordthehighesttemperatureobservedonthedistillationthermometerastheendpoint三、NoteEglish當(dāng)遇到活性分解時(shí)，通常在蒸汽和濃煙霧迅速放出后蒸餾溫度逐漸下降。如不出現(xiàn)預(yù)期的溫度下降，則在達(dá)到95％之后5分鐘，記下蒸餾溫度計(jì)上觀測(cè)到的最高溫度。并記錄為“終點(diǎn)，5min”。這表示真正的終點(diǎn)未能在給定的時(shí)間范圍內(nèi)達(dá)到。無論如何，終點(diǎn)不應(yīng)超過95％以后5分鐘。中文Whenencounteringthedecompositionofactivesubstances,thedistillationtemperatureusuallygraduallydecreasesaftertherapidreleaseofsteamandconcentratedsmoke.Ifthereisnoexpectedtemperaturedrop,recordthehighesttemperatureobservedonthedistillationthermometer5minutesafterthedistillationvolumereaches95%.Andrecordas"Endpoint,5minutes".Thisindicatesthatthetrueendpointhasnotbeenreachedwithinthegiventimeframe.Anyway,theendpointshouldnotexceed5minutesafterthe95%fraction.Eglish四、分析數(shù)據(jù)的收集及處理記錄初餾點(diǎn)，收集到5、10、20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90、95毫升餾出液時(shí)溫度計(jì)最高溫度，終餾點(diǎn)，蒸餾出的液體體積，殘留的液體體積計(jì)算回收百分?jǐn)?shù)、殘留百分?jǐn)?shù)、損失百分?jǐn)?shù)中文四、Collectionandcalculationofanalyticaldatarecord:Initialboilingpoint,maximumtemperatureofthermometerwhencollecting5,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,and95millilitersof