專題01閱讀理解6大?？荚掝}話題1環(huán)境保護（?？键c）話題4動植物話題2社會問題與社會想現(xiàn)象（常考點）話題5閱讀話題3個人經(jīng)歷話題6節(jié)日話題1環(huán)境保護Passage1（24-25高二上?四川瀘州三校聯(lián)盟?第二次聯(lián)合考試）Urbangardensarevaluableassets(資產(chǎn))tocommunities.Theyprovidegreenspacestogrowsustainablefood,buildcommunitycohesion(凝聚力),makenewfriends,connectwiththeearth,andmuchmore.So,let’scheckoutourlistof4inspiringurbangardensintheUS.GothamGreensWhere:NewYork&ChicagoWhat:GothamGreensfirststartedinBrooklynandnowhasfourlocationsinNewYorkCityandChicago.TheirflagshipfarminBrooklynproducesover100,000poundsofgreensperyear.Butitdoesn’tjustproducehealthylocalvegetables.Itisusinghigh-techgreenhouseswithsolarpanelstomakesurethefoodgrownishealthyandsustainable.BaltimoreUrbanGardeningwithStudentsWhere:Baltimore,MarylandWhat:TheBaltimoreUrbanGardeningwithStudents(BUGS)programencouragesstudentstogettheirhandsdirtyandplantvegetablesthroughtheirafter-schoolandsummerprograms.Manyofthesekidsdon’thaveaccesstogreenspacesandhaveneverhadtheopportunitytogrowfood.RevisionUrbanFarmWhere:Boston,MassachusettsWhat:RevisionUrbanFarminBostonworksinpartnershipwiththeRevisionFamilyHome-ashelterfor22homelessparentsandtheirkids.Thefarmprovidesthesefamilieswithinformationonhealthyeating,andaccesstothefarm’sfreshvegetables.Theorganizationalsoprovidesjobtrainingtohelpfamiliesescapethecycleofpoverty.SwaleWhere:NewYorkWhat:Swale,afloatingfoodforestlocatedonalargeboat,isaninnovativeprojectmeanttoinspirecitizenstorethinktherelationshipbetweenourcitiesandourfood.ThisurbangardenservesasbothalivingartexhibitandaneducationalfarmFoodforestsaresustainablegardensthatincludevegetables,fruit,nuttrees,bushes,herbs,andvines—eachonecomplementingtheotherinasymbiotic(共生的)relationship.1．WhatisspecialaboutGothamGreens?A．Itoffershomelessfamiliesinformationonhealthyeating.B．Itcreatesasustainablegardenonalargeboat.C．Itprovidesjobtrainingforstudents.D．Ituseshigh-techgreenhousestogrowhealthyfood.2．Whichurbangardenoffersfirst-handfarmingexperience?A．BaltimoreUrbanGardeningwithStudents. B．Swale.C．RevisionUrbanFarm. D．GothamGreens.3．Whatdothesefoururbangardenshaveincommon?A．Theycreatejobopportunitiesforfarmers.B．TheyareinspirationalprojectsinNewYork.C．Theyarebeneficialtocommunities.D．Theyhaveeducationalandentertainingpurposes.【答案】1．D2．A3．C【導語】本文是一篇應用文。城市花園是社區(qū)的寶貴資產(chǎn)。它們?yōu)榉N植可持續(xù)糧食提供綠色空間，建立社區(qū)凝聚力。文章主要講述了幾個城市花園。【詳解】1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章GothamGreens(哥譚鎮(zhèn)蔬菜)部分中的“Itisusinghigh-techgreenhouseswithsolarpanelstomakesurethefoodgrownishealthyandsustainable.(它正在使用帶有太陽能電池板的高科技溫室，以確保種植的食物是健康和可持續(xù)的。)”可知，GothamGreens使用了高科技溫室種植健康的食物。故選D項。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章BaltimoreUrbanGardeningwithStudents(巴爾的摩城市園藝與學生)部分中的“TheBaltimoreUrbanGardeningwithStudents(BUGS)programencouragesstudentstogettheirhandsdirtyandplantvegetablesthroughtheirafter-schoolandsummerprograms.Manyofthesekidsdon’thaveaccesstogreenspaces,andhaveneverhadtheopportunitytogrowfood.(巴爾的摩城市與學生一起園藝（BUGS）項目鼓勵學生通過課后和夏季項目把手弄臟并種植蔬菜。這些孩子中的許多人沒有機會接觸綠色空間，也從來沒有機會種植食物。)”可知，來這里進行園藝活動的孩子從來沒有接觸過農(nóng)作，也從來沒有機會嘗試種植食物，由此可以推測出，該城市花園能向?qū)W生提供第一手的耕作經(jīng)驗。故選A項。3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Urbangardensarevaluableassetstocommunities.Theyprovidegreenspacestogrowsustainablefood,buildcommunityunity,makenewfriends,connectwiththeearth,andmuchmore.(城市花園是社區(qū)的寶貴資產(chǎn)。它們提供綠色空間來種植可持續(xù)的食物，建立社區(qū)團結，結交新朋友，與地球聯(lián)系等等。)”可知，文章主要講的是城市花園對社區(qū)的影響。由此可以推出，后文提到的四個城市花園都對社區(qū)來說都有益處。故選C項。Passage2（24-25高二上?四川瀘縣第二中學等校?期末）Peoplearealreadypayingmoreandmoreforfoodduetoglobalwarming—andrisingtemperatureswilldrivefoodpricesalothigherinthenextdecade.AccordingtoastudybytheEuropeanCentralBank,by2035,highertemperaturesalonewillbepushingupworldwidefoodpricesbybetween0.9%and3.2%everysingleyear.Tofindouthowthisisaffectingfoodprices,MaximilianKotzatthePotsdamInstituteforClimateImpactResearchandhiscolleaguesexamineddataonthemonthlypricesandweatherconditionsin121countriesbetween1996and2021.Bylookingforassociationsbetweenfoodpricesandfactorssuchastheaveragemonthlytemperature,temperaturechanges,andmeasuresofdroughtandextremerainfall,theyfoundastronglinkbetweentheaveragetemperatureandthefoodpricesamonthorsolater.Inregionsnorthof40degrees,likethelatitude(緯度)ofNewYorkCityandBeijing,warmer-than-averagetemperaturesduringwinterledtofallingfoodprices.Butabove-averagetemperaturesincreasedfoodpricesinsummerandatalltimesintherestoftheworld.“Thestudydidn’tlookatwhypricesrose,butthelikelyexplanationisthatextremeheatisreducingyields,”Kotzsays.“Cropsmaybedryingoutonthevinewhentheyshouldbebeingharvested.”Factorssuchasextremerainfallhadlessimpactonfoodpricesthanaveragetemperatures.Thismaybebecausefloodingtendstobelocalized,whileabove-averagetemperaturescanbeverywidespread.Otherstudieshavereachedsimilarconclusions.Kotz’steamthenwentfurtherbyinvestigatinghowfoodpricescouldchangebasedonaveragetemperaturerisesinclimatemodelprediction.Intheworstsituation,globalfoodinflation(食品通脹)duetoclimatechangegoesover4%peryearby2060.“Weneedtobeawareofthefactthatclimatechangebringshugenewchallengesforfoodsecurity,”saysKotz.“Warming-fuelledextremeweatherisincreasinglyaffectingfoodproductionaroundtheworld.Iffarmersdon’tadapttheirpracticestobettercopewithrisingtemperatures,thelosseswillbecomemoreserious.”4．Whatdoesthestudyfocuson?A．Thefactorsintherisinglivingcosts.B．Theimpactofclimatechangeonfoodprices.C．Theeffectsofnaturaldisastersonfoodproduction.D．Thecomparisonoffoodpricesindifferentregions.5．Howdidresearchersreachtheirconclusions?A．Byanalyzingamassofdata. B．Byreferringtopreviousstudies.C．Bytrackingsomecitiesforyears. D．Byconductingasurveyamongfarmers.6．WhatisthemainreasonfortherisingfoodpricesaccordingtoKotz?A．Frequentrainfall. B．Extremehightemperature.C．Theincreasingdemandforcrops. D．Therestrictionsoftradepolicies.7．Whatdoestheauthorintendtodointhelastparagraph?A．Toinvestigatehowfoodpriceschange. B．Topredictthelosscausedbytheheatwave.C．Tourgefarmerstoadjusttheirpractices. D．Toclarifythesituationofglobalfoodinflation.【答案】4．B5．A6．B7．C【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述了全球變暖導致氣溫上升對食品價格的影響。4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Tofindouthowthisisaffectingfoodprices,MaximilianKotzatthePotsdamInstituteforClimateImpactResearchandhiscolleaguesexamineddataonthemonthlypricesandweatherconditionsin121countriesbetween1996and2021.(為了弄清楚這是如何影響食品價格的，波茨坦氣候影響研究所的馬克西米利安·科茨和他的同事們研究了1996年至2021年間121個國家的月度價格和天氣狀況數(shù)據(jù))”可知，研究重點是氣候變化對食品價格的影響。故選B。5．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“MaximilianKotzatthePotsdamInstituteforClimateImpactResearchandhiscolleaguesexamineddataonthemonthlypricesandweatherconditionsin121countriesbetween1996and2021.”(波茨坦氣候影響研究所的馬克西米利安?科茨和他的同事們研究了1996年至2021年間121個國家的月度價格和天氣狀況數(shù)據(jù))”可知，研究人員是通過分析大量數(shù)據(jù)得出結論的。故選A。6．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thestudydidn’tlookatwhypricesrose,butthelikelyexplanationisthatextremeheatisreducingyields,”Kotzsays.(科茨說：“這項研究沒有探討價格上漲的原因，但可能的解釋是，極端高溫正在降低產(chǎn)量”)”可知，科茨認為食品價格上漲的主要原因是極端高溫。故選B。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Iffarmersdon’tadapttheirpracticestobettercopewithrisingtemperatures,thelosseswillbecomemoreserious.(如果農(nóng)民不調(diào)整他們的做法以更好地應對不斷上升的氣溫，損失將會更加嚴重)”可推知，作者在最后一段意在敦促農(nóng)民調(diào)整他們的做法。故選C。Passage3（24-25高二上?四川瀘縣第二中學等校?期末模擬）Whenitcomestoreading,peoplehavedifferentpreferences.Somepeoplewillchoosepaperbooksbecausethey’reeasytoborrowandshare.Otherswillgofore-readers,perhapsonaphone,becausethey’reconvenient.Butwhichisthemoreenvironment-friendlychoice?Digitalreading(數(shù)字閱讀)isontherise,nowmakingupabout15%ofthetotalUSbookmarket.However,traditionalprintpublishingisstillbyfarthemostpopulartype—anditcomeswithahighcarbonfootprint(碳足跡).Accordingtoa2023reportfromWordsRated,printbookpublishingisthethirdbiggestsourceofgreenhousegasemissions,and32milliontreesarecutdowneachyearintheUStomakepaperforbooks.Thenthere’stheproblemofprintingandtransport,nottomentionthemanyunsoldbooksthataredestroyed.Digitalreadingseemstohaveagreatadvantageoverprintbecauseitispaperless,soitsavestreesandtransport.Moreover,technologycompaniesthatmakee-readers,suchasAmazon,offerrecyclingprogramsforolddevices(設備).Butdigitaldevicesalsocomewithalargecarbonfootprint,mainlyattheproductionstage.Theircasesaremadefromplasticthatcomesfromfossilfuels,andthemineralsintheirbatteriesrequirealotofresourcestobemined.Sobacktotheearlierquestion:whichwayofreadingismoreenvironmentallyfriendly?“It’snotcutanddried,”saidMikeBerners-Lee,aprofessoratLancasterEnvironmentCentreintheUnitedKingdom.“Ifyoubuyane-readerandyoureadlotsofbooksonit,thenit’sthelowestcarbonthingtodo.Butifyoubuyit,readacoupleofbooks,andfindthatyoupreferpaperbooks,thenit’stheworstofallworlds.”Yet,Berners-Leesaidthatreadingisstill,relativelyspeaking,anenvironmental-friendlyactivity.8．Whatdoesthereportshow?A．PrintedbookshaveapoorsalesrecordintheUS.B．Printpublishingisnotfriendlytotheenvironment.C．Digitalreadingismorepopularthanpaperreading.D．Printingbookscostsmorethanproducinge-readers.9．Whichaspectofdigitaldeviceshasthelargestimpactontheenvironment?A．Itstransportation B．Itswastemanagement.C．Itsproductionprocess. D．Itsrecyclingprograms.10．Accordingtothetext,itisbettertochoosedigitalreadingifyou______.A．readalot B．hardlytakenotesC．enjoyreadingatnight D．onlyreadbooksoutofneed11．Whatisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．WhyShouldWeChooseDigitalReading?B．HowDoesPrintPublishingAffecttheEnvironment?C．WillTraditionalPrintReadingDisappearintheFuture?D．WhichisBetterfortheEnvironment,PaperBooksorE-readers?【答案】8．B9．C10．A11．D【導語】這是一篇議論文，文章對比了紙質(zhì)書籍和電子閱讀器在環(huán)境保護方面的優(yōu)劣，指出閱讀方式的選擇對環(huán)境的影響并非一成不變，取決于個人的閱讀習慣。8．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Accordingtoa2023reportfromWordsRated,printbookpublishingisthethirdbiggestsourceofgreenhousegasemissions,and32milliontreesarecutdowneachyearintheUStomakepaperforbooks.(根據(jù)WordsRated2023年的報告，紙質(zhì)書出版是第三大溫室氣體排放源，美國每年有3200萬棵樹被砍伐用于制作書籍紙張)”可知，該報告指出紙質(zhì)書出版對環(huán)境不友好。故選B。9．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“：Butdigitaldevicesalsocomewithalargecarbonfootprint,mainlyattheproductionstage.(但數(shù)字設備也伴隨著巨大的碳足跡，主要集中在生產(chǎn)階段)”可知，數(shù)字設備對環(huán)境影響最大的是其生產(chǎn)過程。故選C。10．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Ifyoubuyane-readerandyoureadlotsofbooksonit,thenit’sthelowestcarbonthingtodo.(如果你買了一個電子閱讀器并在上面閱讀很多書，那么這是最低碳的做法)”可知，如果你經(jīng)常閱讀，選擇電子閱讀器是更環(huán)保的，因此選項A“讀很多書”是正確的。故選A。11．主旨大意題。通讀全文，并根據(jù)文章第一段“Whenitcomestoreading,peoplehavedifferentpreferences.Somepeoplewillchoosepaperbooksbecausethey’reeasytoborrowandshare.Otherswillgofore-readers,perhapsonaphone,becausethey’reconvenient.Butwhichisthemoreenvironment-friendlychoice?(說到閱讀，人們有不同的偏好。有些人會選擇紙質(zhì)書，因為它們很容易借閱和分享。還有一些人會選擇電子閱讀器，也許是在手機上，因為它們很方便。但哪個是更環(huán)保的選擇？)”可知，文章圍繞紙質(zhì)書和電子書哪個更環(huán)保的問題展開論述，所以最適合的標題是“紙質(zhì)書還是電子閱讀器，哪個對環(huán)境更好”。故選D。Passage4（24-25高二上?四川瀘州高級中學?期末）Foryears,scientistshavedebatedwhetherhumansortheclimatehavecausedthepopulationoflargemammalstodeclinedramaticallyoverthepastseveralthousandyears.AnewstudyfromAarhusUniversityconfirmsthatclimatecannotbetheexplanation.About100,000yearsago,thefirstmodernhumansmigratedoutofAfricainlargenumbers.Theywereverygoodatadaptingtonewhabitats,andtheysettledinalmosteverykindoflandscape—fromdesertstojunglestotheicytaigainthefarnorth.Partofthesuccesswashuman’sabilitytohuntlargeanimals.Withcleverhuntingtechniquesandspeciallybuiltweapons,theyperfectedtheartofkillingeventhemostdangerousmammals.Butunfortunately,thegreatsuccessofourancestorscameattheexpenseoftheotherlargemammals.Itiswell-knownthatnumerouslargespecieswentextinctduringthetimeofworldwidecolonizationbymodernhumans.Now,newresearchfromAarhusUniversityrevealsthatthoselargemammalsthatsurvivedalsoexperiencedadramaticdecline.BystudyingtheDNAof139livingspeciesoflargemammals,scientistshavebeenabletoshowthattheabundancesofalmostallspeciesfelldramaticallyabout50,000yearsago.ThisisaccordingtoJens-ChristianSvenning,aprofessorandheadoftheDanishNationalResearchFoundation’sCenterforEcologicalDynamicsinaNovelBiosphere(ECONOVO)atAarhusUniversityandtheinitiatorofthestudy.“We’vestudiedtheevolutionoflargemammalianpopulationsoverthepast750,000years.Forthefirst700,000years,thepopulationswerefairlystable.But50,000yearsago,thepopulationsfelldramaticallyandneverrecovered,”hesays,andcontinues:“Forthepast800,000years,theglobehasfluctuated(波動)betweeniceagesandinterglacialperiodsaboutevery100,000years.Iftheclimatewasthecause,weshouldseegreaterfluctuationswhentheclimatechanged50,000yearsearlier.Butwedon’t.Humansare,therefore,themostlikelyexplanation.”12．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thesuccess”meaninParagraph3?A．Theevolutionoflargemammals.B．Theprosperityofvarioushabitats.C．Theachievementofhumanmigration.D．Theprogressinhuntingtechniques.13．AccordingtoSvenning,whathappened50,000yearsago?A．Populationsoflargemammalssignificantlydropped.B．Livingconditionsoflargemammalsremainedstable.C．Globalclimatedramaticallychanged.D．Alargenumberofglacierssuddenlymelt.14．What’susedasaclueoftheresearchaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?A．Species. B．Place. C．Time. D．Climate.15．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ClimateImpactonAnimalsB．ChangesofPrehistoricEnvironmentC．EvolutionofLargeMammalPopulationsD．HumanInfluenceonGiantMammals【答案】12．C13．A14．C15．D【導語】本文為一篇說明文。文章主要談論了，科學家多年來一直在辯論是人類還是氣候?qū)е铝诉^去幾千年大型哺乳動物數(shù)量急劇下降的問題。但Aarhus大學的一項新研究證實了氣候不可能是解釋的原因。12．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第二段“About100,000yearsago,thefirstmodernhumansmigratedoutofAfricainlargenumbers.Theywereverygoodatadaptingtonewhabitats,andtheysettledinalmosteverykindoflandscape—fromdesertstojunglestotheicytaigainthefarnorth.(大約10萬年前，第一批現(xiàn)代人類大量遷徙出非洲。它們非常善于適應新的棲息地，幾乎定居在從沙漠到叢林再到遙遠北方冰冷的針葉林的每一種景觀中。)”以及第三段“Withcleverhuntingtechniquesandspeciallybuiltweapons,theyperfectedtheartofkillingeventhemostdangerousmammals.(成功的一部分是人類狩獵大型動物的能力。憑借巧妙的狩獵技術和特制的武器，他們甚至完善了殺死最危險哺乳動物的藝術。)”可知，此處劃線詞thesuccess指的是上文提到的人們遷徙的成就。故選C。13．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第六段“BystudyingtheDNAof139livingspeciesoflargemammals,scientistshavebeenabletoshowthattheabundancesofalmostallspeciesfelldramaticallyabout50,000yearsago.ThisisaccordingtoJens-ChristianSvenning,aprofessorandheadoftheDanishNationalResearchFoundation’sCenterforEcologicalDynamicsinaNovelBiosphere(ECONOVO)atAarhusUniversityandtheinitiatorofthestudy.(通過研究139種現(xiàn)存大型哺乳動物的DNA，科學家們已經(jīng)能夠證明，大約5萬年前，幾乎所有物種的豐度都急劇下降。這是奧胡斯大學丹麥國家研究基金會新生物圈生態(tài)動力學中心（ECONOVO）教授兼負責人、該研究的發(fā)起人JensChristianSvenning的說法。)”可知，大約5萬年前，大型哺乳動物的數(shù)量顯著減少。故選A。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“BystudyingtheDNAof139livingspeciesoflargemammals,scientistshavebeenabletoshowthattheabundancesofalmostallspeciesfelldramaticallyabout50,000yearsago.ThisisaccordingtoJens-ChristianSvenning,aprofessorandheadoftheDanishNationalResearchFoundation’sCenterforEcologicalDynamicsinaNovelBiosphere(ECONOVO)atAarhusUniversityandtheinitiatorofthestudy.(通過研究139種現(xiàn)存大型哺乳動物的DNA，科學家們已經(jīng)能夠證明，大約5萬年前，幾乎所有物種的豐度都急劇下降。這是奧胡斯大學丹麥國家研究基金會新生物圈生態(tài)動力學中心（ECONOVO）教授兼負責人、該研究的發(fā)起人JensChristianSvenning的說法。)”以及最后一段““We’vestudiedtheevolutionoflargemammalianpopulationsoverthepast750,000years.Forthefirst700,000years,thepopulationswerefairlystable.But50,000yearsago,thepopulationsfelldramaticallyandneverrecovered,”hesays,andcontinues:“Forthepast800,000years,theglobehasfluctuated(波動)betweeniceagesandinterglacialperiodsaboutevery100,000years.Iftheclimatewasthecause,weshouldseegreaterfluctuationswhentheclimatechanged50,000yearsearlier.Butwedon’t.Humansare,therefore,themostlikelyexplanation.”(“我們研究了過去75萬年中大型哺乳動物種群的進化。在最初的70萬年里，種群數(shù)量相當穩(wěn)定。但在5萬年前，種群數(shù)量急劇下降，再也沒有恢復，”他說，并繼續(xù)說道“在過去的80萬年里，全球大約每10萬年就在冰河時期和間冰期之間波動一次。如果氣候是原因，我們應該會在5萬年前氣候變化時看到更大的波動。但我們沒有。因此，人類是最有可能的解釋?！?”可知，研究的線索為時間。故選C。15．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Foryears,scientistshavedebatedwhetherhumansortheclimatehavecausedthepopulationoflargemammalstodeclinedramaticallyoverthepastseveralthousandyears.AnewstudyfromAarhusUniversityconfirmsthatclimatecannotbetheexplanation.(科學家多年來一直在辯論是人類還是氣候?qū)е铝诉^去幾千年大型哺乳動物數(shù)量急劇下降的問題。但Aarhus大學的一項新研究證實了氣候不可能是解釋的原因。)”以及對文章的理解可知，本文說明了科學家多年來一直在辯論是人類還是氣候?qū)е铝诉^去幾千年大型哺乳動物數(shù)量急劇下降的問題。但Aarhus大學的一項新研究證實了氣候不可能是解釋的原因。故D項“人類對巨型哺乳動物的影響”符合文章標題。故選D。Passage5（24-25高二上?四川瀘州老窖天府中學?期末）Onawindyday,40middle-schoolstudentsstandbytheHarlemRiverinNewYorkCity.Theirteacher,Mr.White,pullsametalcageoutoftheriver.Insideareclustersofoysters(牡蠣).Thelasttimetheywerehere,theoysterswerebabies.Thestudents’jobistomeasurehowmuchtheoystershavegrownandtesttheriverwaterforpollutants.TheywillreporttheirfindingstoresearchersattheBillionOysterProject(BOP).Whyworksohard?Tomakethecity’swaterwayshealthyagain.Oystersareimportantfortheunderwatercommunitytheysharewithplants,fish,andotherlife.Sotheyarealsocalledakeystonespecies.Ifakeystonespeciesdisappears,otherplantsandanimalsmaydieout.That’sexactlywhathappened100yearsagoinNewYorkHarbor.Beforethen,lotsofoysterslivedhere.Theoystersweredelicious—maybetoodelicious.Bytheearly1900s,peoplewereeatingthemfasterthantheycouldgrow.Theoysterswereintroubleforanotherreason.Pollutionwaspouringintothewatersofthegrowingcity,andfewtypesofanimalscouldliveinit.Sincethe1970s,newlawshavehelpedreducetoxic(有毒的)waste.Somefishstartedtoswimthroughagain.Butoysterswerestillmissing—untilrecently.TheBOPbeganin2014tohelpbringoystersbacktoNewYorkHarbor.Sofar,studentsandvolunteershaveplacedabout25,000,000oystersintotheharbor.“Theoystersdefinitelylookmuchbiggernow,”saysastudentnamedKelly.Takingturns,thekidsmeasurealltheoysters,thencomparenotes.Thebiggestoysterisover2incheslong,muchbiggerthanahealthysizeforitsage.Asmoreoystersgrow,thewatershouldbecomeclearer.Also,otheranimalsshouldmovein.Finally,thestudentsputtheoystersbackinthecage.Mr.Whitelowersitintotheriver.Whentheoystersarebigenough,theywillbemovedtothemiddleoftheharbor.Fortoday,everyoneagrees:thefutureislookingbrightforNewYorkHarbor.16．Whyareoysterscalledakeystonespecies?A．Theygrowquickly. B．Theyaredelicious.C．Theysupportunderwaterlife. D．Theyareabletoresistpollution.17．Whatwastheproblemwithoystersoveracenturyago?A．Aperiodofdisappearance. B．Over-consumptionbypeople.C．Lackofcleanandsafehabitat. D．Competitionwithotherspecies.18．What’sthegoaloftheBillionOysterProject?A．Togrowmoreoysters. B．Tocollectusefuldata.C．Toprotectwaterplants. D．Torestorewaterways.19．WhatmaybethefutureoutlookforNewYorkHarbor?A．Promising. B．Uncertain. C．Disappointing. D．Unchanged.【答案】16．C17．B18．D19．A【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主題為人與自然，介紹了紐約市的港灣里重新出現(xiàn)的牡蠣對重建健康的海底生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的幫助。16．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Oystersareimportantfortheunderwatercommunitytheysharewithplants,fish,andotherlife.Sotheyarealsocalledakeystonespecies.(牡蠣對它們與植物、魚類和其他生物共享的水下群落至關重要。因此，它們也被稱為關鍵物種)”可知，牡蠣被稱為關鍵物種是因為它們支持水下的生態(tài)。故選C項。17．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Theoystersweredelicious—maybetoodelicious.Bytheearly1900s,peoplewereeatingthemfasterthantheycouldgrow.(牡蠣很好吃——也許太好吃了。到20世紀初，人們吃它們的速度超過了它們的生長速度)可知，牡蠣深受食客的喜愛而被過度捕撈。故選B。18．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“TheBOPbeganin2014tohelpbringoystersbacktoNewYorkHarbor.(該BOP項目始于2014年，目的是幫助將牡蠣帶回紐約港)”以及第六段“Asmoreoystersgrow,thewatershouldbecomeclearer.(隨著越來越多的牡蠣生長，水應該會變得更清澈)”可知，BillionOysterProject的目標是修復水道。故選D項。19．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Fortoday,everyoneagrees:thefutureislookingbrightforNewYorkHarbor.(今天，每個人都同意：紐約港的未來是光明的)”可知，紐約港未來是光明的。故選A項。Passage6（24-25高二上?四川瀘縣第五中學?期末）"Whatkindofrubbishareyou?"Thisquestionmightnormallycauseanger,butinShanghaiithasbecomeaspecial"greeting"amongpeopleoverthepastweek.OnJuly1st,thecityintroducedstricttrash-sortingregulations（條例〉thatarerequiredtofollowandexpectedtobeusedasamodelforourcountry.Residentsmustdividetheirwasteintofourseparatecategoriesandtoss（投放）itintospecificpublicdustbins.Theymustdosoatspecifiedtimes,whenmonitorsarepresenttoensurecorrecttrash-tossingandtoaskthenatureofone'srubbish.Individualswhofailtofollowtheregulationsfacethepossibilityoffinesandworse.Theycouldbepunishedwithfinesofupto200yuan（$29）.Forthosewhorepeattogoagainstthem,thegovernmentcanaddblackmarkstotheircreditrecords,makingitharderforthemtogetbankloansorevenbuytraintickets.Shanghaigovernmentisrespondingtoanobviousenvironmentalproblem.Itgenerates9milliontonsofgarbageayear,morethanLondon'sannualoutput,whichisrisingquickly.ButlikeothercitiesinChina,itlacksarecyclingsystem.Instead,ithasreliedontrashpickerstosift（篩選）throughthewaste,pickingoutwhatevercanbereused.Thishaslimits.Aspeoplegetwealthier,fewerofthemwanttodosuchdirtywork.Thewaste,meanwhile,justkeepspilingup.Manyresidentsappeartosupporttheideaofrecyclingingeneralbutareannoyedbythedetails.Rubbishmustbedividedaccordingtowhetheritisfood,recyclable,dryorharmful,thedistinctionsamongwhichcanbeconfusing,thoughthereareappstohelpworkitout.Somehavecomplainedabouttherulesconcerningfoodwaste.Theymustputitstraightintherequiredpublicbins,forcingthemtotearopenplasticbagsandtossitbyhand.Whattheycomplainmostistheshortperiodsfordroppingtrash,typicallyacoupleofhours,morningandevening.Alongwiththemonitorsatthebins,thismeansthatpeoplegoataroundthesametimeandcankeepaneyeonwhatisbeingthrownout；noonewantstolookbad.20．Whatdoweknowaboutthetrash-sortingregulationsinShanghai?A．Theyarethefirstoftheirkind. B．Theyaretiedtoone'sbankaccount.C．Theyhavethehighestfines. D．They'reaidedbymonitors.21．WhyhasShanghaiintroducedthetrash-sortingregulations?A．Therearefewerandfewertrashpickers.B．Itaimstobuildanewrecyclingsystem.C．Itfacesmoreandmoreseriousgarbageproblems.D．Peoplethrowtherubbishhereandthere.22．Whatmakestheresidentsupsetmostabouttheregulations?A．Limitedtimefortossingthetrash.B．Confusingdistinctionamongthecategoriesoftrash.C．Beingfinedduetoimproperbehavior.D．Beingwatchedbymonitorswhenthrowingthegarbage.23．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．AGoodWayofTrash-sortingB．ANewEraofGarbageClassificationC．AGreatTimeinDealingwithLitterD．AnEffectiveSolutiontoRubbishProblem【答案】20．D21．C22．A23．B【分析】這是一篇說明文，文章主要說明了7月1日上海市出臺的垃圾分類規(guī)定，有望成為我國的一個典范。20．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Theymustdosoatspecifiedtimes,whenmonitorsarepresenttoensurecorrecttrash-tossingandtoaskthenatureofone'srubbish.”和最后一段Alongwiththemonitorsatthebins,他們必須在規(guī)定的時間這樣做，當監(jiān)督員在場，以確保正確的垃圾投擲和問一個人的垃圾性質(zhì)?？芍麄?nèi)永腥吮O(jiān)督。故選D項。21．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Shanghaigovernmentisrespondingtoanobviousenvironmentalproblem.Itgenerates9milliontonsofgarbageayear,morethanLondon'sannualoutput,whichisrisingquickly.ButlikeothercitiesinChina,itlacksarecyclingsystem.Thewaste,meanwhile,justkeepspilingup.”上海市政府正在應對一個明顯的環(huán)境問題。它每年產(chǎn)生900萬噸垃圾，比倫敦的年產(chǎn)量還多，并且缺乏回收系統(tǒng)。所以上海出臺垃圾分類規(guī)定是因為它面臨著越來越嚴重的垃圾問題。故選C項。22．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Whattheycomplainmostistheshortperiodsfordroppingtrash,typicallyacoupleofhours,morningandevening.”他們抱怨最多的是垃圾投放的時間很短，通常是早晚兩個小時?？芍永臅r間規(guī)定讓居民們最不滿。故選A項。23．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“OnJuly1st,thecityintroducedstricttrash-sortingregulationsthatareexpectedtobeusedasamodelforourcountry.Residentsmustdividetheirwasteintofourseparatekindsandputitintospecificpublicbins.Theymustdosoatscheduledtimes,whenmonitorsarepresenttoensurecomplianceandtoinquireintothenatureofone'srubbish.”7月1日，該市出臺了嚴格的垃圾分類規(guī)定,有望成為我國的一個典范。居民必須將他們的垃圾分成四類,并將其放入特定的公共垃圾箱。他們必須在規(guī)定的時間這樣做，當監(jiān)督員在場時,以確保遵守和調(diào)查一個人的垃圾的性質(zhì)。以及文章主要內(nèi)容圍繞著上海垃圾分類規(guī)定標志著一個垃圾分類的新時代的開始而展開，B項“ANewEraofGarbageClassification?！崩诸惖男聲r代符合主旨。故選B項。Passage7（25-26高二上?四川成都實驗外國語學校）Buyingfurnitureiseasierthanever.Youcanevenorderanewtableandchairsonlinewithouteverleavinghome.Butdidyoueverthinkabouthowfurnitureismade?Theprocessbeginswithtreesbutnowresearchershavefoundabetterway:growingitinalabinsteadofaforest.Insteadofcuttingdowntreesandaddingtodeforestation,Velásquez-Garciasaid,“Ifyouwantatable,thenyoushouldjustgrowatable.”Theresearchgroupfoundawaytoactuallygrowplanttissue(組織)—woodandfiber—inalabthatissimilartothewayculturedmeatisgrown.Whilethereisstillalongwaytoactuallygrowatable,theteamwasabletogrowstructuresfromcellsfromzinnialeaves.Thisapproachto“growing”materialsopensupuniquepossibilities.Lab-grownwoodcanbehandledtotakeonanyshape,like3Dprinting,soitmaybepossibletobuildatablewithoutglueorscrewingpartstogether.Beyondtheseimmediateadvantages,labwoodoffersamoresignificantenvironmentalbenefit.Makingfurnitureandotheritemsfrombiomaterialscouldeliminatecuttingdowntreesinforests.“Thewaywegetthesematerialshasn’tchangedincenturiesandisveryinefficient,”saidVelásquez-Garcia.“Thisisarealchancetoavoidallthatinefficiency.”Beckwith,amechanicalengineeringPhDstudent,wasinspiredbyavisittoafarmtotrytomakeland-usemoreefficientandenvironmentallysound.“Thatgotmethinking:Canwebemorestrategicaboutwhatwe’regettingoutofourprocess?Canwegetmoreoutputsforourinputs?”shetoldMITNews.“Iwantedtofindamoreefficientwaytouselanda