高中英語必修一Unit1Friendship知識(shí)點(diǎn)全總結(jié)一、核心詞匯精講1.重點(diǎn)單詞深度解析（1）upset詞性與詞義：動(dòng)詞（使心煩、擾亂）；形容詞（心煩的、混亂的）搭配示例：beupsetabout/over/atsth.（因某事心煩）；upsetsb.'splan（打亂某人的計(jì)劃）語境運(yùn)用：*Shewasupsettohearthebadnews.（聽到壞消息她很心煩。）*（2）ignore詞性與詞義：動(dòng)詞（忽視、不理睬）搭配示例：ignoreone'sadvice（忽視某人的建議）；beignoredbysb.（被某人忽視）語境運(yùn)用：*Heignoredthetrafficlightsandgotafine.（他無視交通燈，被罰款了。）*（3）concern詞性與詞義：動(dòng)詞（涉及、使擔(dān)憂）；名詞（關(guān)心、憂慮）搭配示例：beconcernedabout/for（關(guān)心、擔(dān)憂）；asfaras...beconcerned（就……而言）語境運(yùn)用：*Parentsarealwaysconcernedabouttheirchildren'ssafety.（父母總是擔(dān)心孩子的安全。）*2.拓展詞匯與詞形轉(zhuǎn)換upset→upset（過去式/過去分詞）；upsetting（現(xiàn)在分詞）concern→concerned（形容詞：擔(dān)心的、相關(guān)的）；concerning（介詞：關(guān)于）suffer→suffering（名詞：痛苦、苦難）；sufferer（名詞：受難者）二、語法知識(shí)聚焦：直接引語與間接引語1.基本轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，需注意人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)狀語的變化：人稱變化：遵循“一主二賓三不變”（主句主語為第一人稱，從句主語隨主句；主句賓語為第二人稱，從句賓語隨主句；第三人稱不變）。示例：Hesaid,"IlikeEnglish."→HesaidthathelikedEnglish.時(shí)態(tài)變化：若主句為過去時(shí)態(tài)（如said），從句時(shí)態(tài)需“倒推”：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)→一般過去時(shí)；現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)→過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)→過去完成時(shí)；一般過去時(shí)→過去完成時(shí)；一般將來時(shí)→過去將來時(shí)（will→would）。示例：Shesaid,"Iamreading."→Shesaidthatshewasreading.指示代詞/時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)狀語變化：this→that；these→those；now→then；today→thatday；here→there；yesterday→thedaybefore；tomorrow→thenextday2.特殊句式轉(zhuǎn)換祈使句：直接引語為祈使句時(shí)，間接引語變?yōu)椤癮sk/tell/ordersb.(not)todosth.”。示例：Theteachersaid,"Pleasebequiet."→Theteacheraskedustobequiet.疑問句：一般疑問句變間接引語時(shí)，用“if/whether+陳述語序”；特殊疑問句變間接引語時(shí)，保留疑問詞，后接陳述語序。示例：Heasked,"Doyoulikemusic?"→Heaskedif/whetherIlikedmusic.示例：Sheasked,"Whereareyougoing?"→SheaskedwhereIwasgoing.三、重點(diǎn)句型剖析1.狀語從句的省略句型結(jié)構(gòu)：當(dāng)狀語從句的主語與主句主語一致，且從句中含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可省略從句的主語和be動(dòng)詞。示例：While(Iwas)walkingthedog,youwerecareless...拓展：常見省略結(jié)構(gòu)還有“when/if/unless+分詞/形容詞/介詞短語”，如：*If(itis)necessary,callmeatanytime.（如果有必要，隨時(shí)給我打電話。）*2.Itwasthefirsttimethat...句型結(jié)構(gòu)：Itwasthefirsttimethatsb.haddonesth.（從句用過去完成時(shí)，表示“這是某人第一次做某事”）。示例：ItwasthefirsttimeinayearandahalfthatI'dseenthenightfacetoface.3.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型（Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who...）句型結(jié)構(gòu)：強(qiáng)調(diào)句可強(qiáng)調(diào)除謂語外的任何成分，若強(qiáng)調(diào)人，可用who代替that。示例：Iwonderifit'sbecauseIhaven'tbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolongthatI'vegrownsocrazyaboutnature.（強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語從句）判斷方法：去掉“Itis/was”和“that/who”，句子仍完整，即為強(qiáng)調(diào)句。如：*ItwasyesterdaythatImethim.→YesterdayImethim.（句子完整，是強(qiáng)調(diào)句）*四、語篇理解與寫作指導(dǎo)1.課文主題與結(jié)構(gòu)本單元課文《Anne'sBestFriend》以安妮的日記為載體，講述了她在二戰(zhàn)期間藏身密室時(shí)，將大自然視為精神寄托的故事。日記的情感表達(dá)（如對(duì)自由的渴望、對(duì)孤獨(dú)的傾訴）和細(xì)節(jié)描寫（如對(duì)天空、小鳥的觀察）是語篇亮點(diǎn)。2.寫作實(shí)踐：情感類記敘文/日記寫作思路：開篇：交代背景（時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、心情），如：*IstillrememberthedaywhenI...*主體：通過具體事件（如一次挫折、一段經(jīng)歷）展現(xiàn)情感變化，運(yùn)用“細(xì)節(jié)描寫+心理描寫”，結(jié)合本單元語法（間接引語可用于轉(zhuǎn)述他人話語）和句型（狀語從句省略、強(qiáng)調(diào)句增強(qiáng)感染力）。結(jié)尾：升華主題，表達(dá)感悟，如：*ItwasthroughthisexperiencethatIrealized...*示例片段：*While(Iwas)walkinghomeyesterday,Ifoundalostdog.ItwassoweakthatIdecidedtotakeittotheanimalshelter.IwonderedifitwasbecauseIhadalwayslovedanimalsthatIfeltsodeterminedtohelpit.Thatnight,Iwroteinmydiary:"ItwasthefirsttimeI'ddonesomethingmeaningfulforastranger(adog,actually),andIfeltadeepsenseofsatisfaction."*五、拓展應(yīng)用與鞏固練習(xí)1.詞匯運(yùn)用（1）用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：①Shewas______(upset)tohearherpetdied.②Weshouldshowmore______(concern)fortheelderly.③He______(ignore)mywarningandgotintotrouble.（2）翻譯句子：①就我而言，健康比財(cái)富更重要。（asfaras...beconcerned）②他因考試不及格而心煩意亂。（beupsetabout）2.語法轉(zhuǎn)換將下列直接引語改為間接引語：①Tomsaid,"Iwillgototheparktomorrow."②Theteacherasked,"Doyoufinishyourhomework?"③"Don'ttouchthemachine,"theworkersaidtous.3.句型仿寫（1）用“狀語從句的省略”結(jié)構(gòu)仿寫：*While(shewas)readingthebook,shefoundabeautifulsentence.→____________________*（2）用“Itwasthefirsttimethat...”仿寫：*ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadvisitedthemuseum.→____________________*參考答案（部分）詞匯運(yùn)用（1）①upset；②concern；③ignored（2）①AsfarasI'mconcerned,healthismoreimportantthanwealth.②Hewasupsetaboutfailingtheexam.語法轉(zhuǎn)換①Tomsaidthathewouldgototheparkthenext