8/9專題04情態(tài)動詞（期末復(fù)習(xí)講義）年份卷別考點 考情分析2024浙江1月高考情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)【考向透視】1.聚焦情態(tài)動詞推測用法運用：重點考查情態(tài)動詞的意義辨析。2.重視特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：情態(tài)動詞+havedone表示對過去情況推測。3.結(jié)合語境考查：將情態(tài)動詞融入語篇，如單項選擇，完形填空，語法填空、短文改錯和書面表達(dá)，需結(jié)合上下文判斷情態(tài)動詞表推測的用法，情態(tài)動詞的意義辨析是解題的關(guān)鍵，對學(xué)生的語境理解和語法運用能力要求更高。4.與其他語法綜合：常與被動語態(tài)、虛擬語氣結(jié)合考查，學(xué)生需準(zhǔn)確區(qū)分不同情態(tài)動詞的意義辨析用法?！緩?fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)】1.掌握核心語法：牢記情態(tài)動詞的基本用法、適用情形，能精準(zhǔn)判斷情態(tài)動詞，明確其在句中的意義辨析。2.突破難點易錯點：攻克“情態(tài)動詞+havedone”結(jié)構(gòu)、情態(tài)動詞意義辨析。3.提升語境運用能力：在不同語境中快速分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，準(zhǔn)確填寫情態(tài)動詞，提高語法填空的準(zhǔn)確率。4.寫作運用：在書面表達(dá)中，靈活、準(zhǔn)確運用情態(tài)動詞，豐富句式，提升作文的語言質(zhì)量。2023全國甲卷情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)情態(tài)動詞的用法情態(tài)動詞的用法知識點01情態(tài)動詞后的動詞形式后接進(jìn)行式，表示對正在發(fā)生的事情的推測。Hemustbedoinghishomeworknow.他現(xiàn)在肯定在做他的家庭作業(yè)。后接完成式，表示對過去情況的推測或與事實相反的虛擬。Youcan’thaveseenMaryyesterdaybecauseshewasinParis.你昨天不可能見到瑪麗，因為她在巴黎。后接完成進(jìn)行式，表示對持續(xù)動作的推測。Theyaretootirednow.Theymusthavebeenworkingallday.他們現(xiàn)在太累了。他們肯定一整天都在工作。后接被動語態(tài)，表示主語和動詞是被動關(guān)系。Thecatlooksscared.Itshouldbeleftalone,andmightcalmdown.這只貓看起來很害怕。應(yīng)該不打擾，讓這只貓獨處，這樣它可能會平靜下來。Itisimportantthatourdrinkingwaterbeprotected/shouldbeprotectedfrombeingpolluted.我們的飲用水免受污染是很重要的。易｜錯｜點｜撥“情態(tài)動詞＋havedone”表示對過去的推測1．musthavedone表示對過去發(fā)生的事或行為的肯定推測，把握性大，意為“一定做過某事”，只用于肯定句中。Sinceshehadnotansweredhislettershemusthaveleftthere.由于她沒有給他回信，她一定是已經(jīng)離開那里了。2．may/mighthavedone表示對過去行為的推測，把握性小，意為“也許已經(jīng)做過某事”，主要用于肯定句和否定句中。Johnisn’tathome.Ithinkhemay/mighthavegonetoschool.約翰不在家，我想他可能去上學(xué)了吧。3．can’t/couldn’thavedone表示對過去發(fā)生的事或行為的否定推測，意為“不可能做過某事”，可通用。can’t語氣更加強(qiáng)烈一些。Shecan’t/couldn’thaveheardyouknockingatthedoor.她不可能聽見你敲門?！炯磿r檢測】1．Lilygotthefirstprizeinthespeechcontest.She________manytimeslastweek.A．couldn’thavepractised B．musthavepractisedC．couldpractise D．mightpractice2．He,aswellasmanynovelists,may________yearsgivinguphisweekendsandfreetimetowritehislife’swork,yetstillthisisoftennotenough.A．hasspent B．havespent C．spent D．bespending3．Lifeisnotalwayseasy.You________somemomentswhenyouweredisappointed.A．have B．couldhavehad C．mayhad D．musthavehad4．Mr.White________at8:30forthemeeting,buthedidn’tshowup.A．hadarrived B．shouldarriveC．shouldbearriving D．shouldhavearrived知識點02can/could的用法①表示能力，意為“能，會”，泛指一般的能力。could為can的過去式。Hisbrotherstudyingincollegecanspeakfourkindsofforeignlanguages.他在大學(xué)讀書的哥哥會說四門外語。②表示理論上或習(xí)慣上的可能性，意為“可能，有時會”。Anybodycanmakemistakesinhislifetime,soitisnothingserious.任何人在一生中都可能犯錯誤，因此這沒什么大不了的。③表示許可，意為“可以”。can和could的時態(tài)沒有差別，只是could的語氣更加委婉。CouldIhavealookatthatnewmonitor？我可以看一下那臺新的顯示器嗎？④表示推測，通常用于否定句或疑問句中，表示驚異、懷疑、不相信；且此時could的可能性比can小；常見can't形式表推測。He'sjusthadlunch，sohecan'tbehungryatpresent.他剛吃過午飯,所以現(xiàn)在不可能餓。易｜錯｜點｜撥在一般過去時中，was/wereableto通常表示能做并且已經(jīng)做了的事，could僅表示能力。Iwasabletoswimtothebankwhentheshipsank.當(dāng)船下沉?xí)r，我已經(jīng)游到岸邊了。Icouldlifttheheavybox.我能把那個沉重的盒子舉起來?！炯磿r檢測】1．Ihavehertelephonenumber.Youcallherifyoulike.2．—It’snearlyaquartertoeight.Bethhasn’tturnedupyet.—Shehaveforgottenthetime.Whydon’tIcallandseewhathappened?知識點03may/might的用法①表示請求和許可。might比may語氣更委婉。否定回答時可用can't或mustn't,表示“不可以,禁止”?！狹ight/MayIanswerthephoneinthisroom？—No,youcan't/mustn't,becauseitisthemeetingroom.——我可以在這個房間接電話嗎？——不,你不可以,因為這里是會議室。②表示推測、可能性（不用于疑問句）。might不是過去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。Yourmothermay/mightnotknowthetruth.或許你媽媽不知道真相。易｜錯｜點｜撥may可以用于祈使句,表示祝愿。Mayyouhaveahealthybodyallthetime.愿你一直擁有一個健康的身體。【即時檢測】1．Lookatthedarkclouds.Itrainthisafternoon.You’dbettertakeanumbrella.2．Giventhatsheisbusy,she(may)notattendtheparty.知識點04must與haveto的用法①表示“必須,必要”時，must強(qiáng)調(diào)說話人的主觀看法,而haveto則強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要；must沒有時態(tài)變化,haveto有時態(tài)變化。Childrenmuststaywiththeirparentsthroughouttheentireevent.整個活動期間,孩子必須和他們的父母待在一起。Hermotherwasillandshehadtostayathometolookafterher.她媽媽生病了,她必須在家照顧她。易｜錯｜點｜撥must的否定形式mustn't表示“禁止”；回答must引起的一般疑問句時，如果是否定的回答,不能用mustn't,而要用needn't或don'thaveto?！狹ustwehandinourexercisebooksnow？—Yes,youmust./No,youneedn't/don'thaveto.——我們必須現(xiàn)在就上交練習(xí)冊嗎？——是的,你們必須現(xiàn)在上交。/不,你們不必。②must表示推測、可能性（只用于表肯定的陳述句）。You'reTom'sgoodfriend,soyoumustknowwhathelikesbest.你是湯姆的好朋友,所以你一定知道他最喜歡什么。Yourmothermustbewaitingforyounow,soyou'dbettergobackearlier.你媽媽現(xiàn)在一定在等你，所以你最好早點回去。③must表示感情色彩,意為“偏偏；偏要；一定要”,表示說話人不耐煩、不滿的情緒。I'msleepingnow.Mustyoumakesomuchnoise？我正在睡覺。你偏要弄出這么大的噪音嗎？【即時檢測】1．ThemagazinebeLucy’s.Wecanseehernameonthecover.2．Youbehungryafterallthatwalking.3．Dadcancookasuper“fullEnglishbreakfast”ofbacon,eggs,beans,sausagesandtoastwithbutter-MumandIjustfindawaytogethimintothekitchen!4．Hurryup!We（go）toschoolrightaway.知識點05dare與need的用法①dare作情態(tài)動詞時，表示“敢，敢于”，后跟動詞原形，常用于疑問句、否定句和條件句中。Idarenotgotherealone。我不敢獨自去那兒。②need作情態(tài)動詞時，表示“需要，有必要”，常用于否定句、疑問句和條件句中。needn't表示“不必”；對need開頭的一般疑問句作肯定回答時用must而不用need,作否定回答時用needn't?！狽eedIfinishmyhomeworktoday?—Yes,youmust./No,youneedn't.——我今天需要完成家庭作業(yè)嗎？——是的，你必須完成。/不，你不必。Youneedn'tworryaboutit.你不必?fù)?dān)心這件事。易｜錯｜點｜撥dare和need也可以用作實義動詞。Ididn'tdaretosayaword.我不敢說一句話。Youdon'tneedtocomeinperson.你沒有必要親自來。【即時檢測】1．You’dbettersendLisabackhome,becauseit’stoolateandshenotgohomealoneatnight.2．Ifyoutospeaktomelikethatagain,youwillbesorry.3．Wesuggestthedataneed(update)everymonth.4．“Youtryitifyoudon’twantto,”Mumsaid,butIgatheredallmycouragetotakeabiteandwasamazedtofinditwasn’tsobad.知識點06shall與should/oughtto的用法①shall用于第一人稱,表示征求對方的意見；用于第二、三人稱,表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。Whatshallwedothisevening?今天晚上我們做什么？YoushallhavethebookwhenIfinishreadingit.我看完這本書你可以看。Heshallbepunishedifhekeepsondoingit.如果他繼續(xù)那樣做，會受到懲罰的。②should/oughtto表示勸告、建議、命令，用于各種人稱；should也可以表示說話者的驚訝、憤怒、失望等特殊情感,意為“居然，竟然”。Weshouldbestrictwithourselves.我們應(yīng)該嚴(yán)格要求自己。Iamsurprisedthatyoushouldspeakillofme.我很驚訝，你竟然說我壞話。③should/oughtto表示勸告或建議,意為“應(yīng)該”。oughtto表示義務(wù)或責(zé)任,比should語氣重；在疑問句中常用should。Yououghttoattendtoyourparentswhentheyareold.當(dāng)你的父母年老時，你應(yīng)該照顧他們。【即時檢測】1．Therulestatesthatnochildbeallowedoutoftheschoolduringthedayunlessaccompaniedbyanadult.2．Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidatesremainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.3．Parentsputthethingslikeknivesandmedicineawayinthehousetokeepchildrensafe.4．Younottakeherhelpforgranted,especiallyasshe’salwaysquicktolendahand.知識點07will/would的用法①二者均可表示請求,would語氣更委婉。Will/Wouldyoupassmetheball,please?請把球遞給我,好嗎?②表示意志、愿望和決心。Iwillneversaythosewordstoyouanymore.我再也不會對你說那些話了。③will和would可分別表示現(xiàn)在和過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或某種傾向,意為“總是”。Duringthevacation,hewouldvisitmeeveryotherday.假期期間,他總是每隔一天來看我一次。易｜錯｜點｜撥usedto也表示過去的習(xí)慣性動作，多用于非正式場合，往往指后來停止了的動作。否定形式是didn’tuseto或usednotto。Heusedtotakeawalkneartheforestintheevening.他過去常在晚間到森林附近散步。(而現(xiàn)在已不在那里散步了)【即時檢測】1．IrememberthateverySaturdaynightMama(sit)downbythekitchentableandcountoutthemoneyPapahadbroughthomeinthelittleenvelope.2．Tina(lie)onthegrassobservingstarswhenshewasyoung.3．Whenyoubelievesomehowyou.4．—Thankyouforinvitingus.Tellyourwifethatshegaveusaperfectparty.—I.Seeyoulater.巧｜學(xué)｜助｜記情態(tài)動詞用法口訣情態(tài)動詞may與can,動詞原形跟后邊。不單作謂詞義添,shall,will也常見。建議能力可能現(xiàn),命令請求可委婉。must必須dare敢,過去情態(tài)詞形變。用法分清多勤練,素養(yǎng)提升在瞬間。基礎(chǔ)通關(guān)（測試時間：10分鐘）一、單項選擇1．Withthehelpofthenewtechnology,you________e-mailyourfriendsbymobilephone.A．must B．can C．need D．should2．Whenlearninganewlanguage,you________notbeafraidofmakingmistakes,theyareanimportantpartofthelearningprocess.A．should B．would C．might D．must3．Tom________intheclassroom.Isawhimplayingfootballontheplaygroundaminuteago.A．can’tbe B．mustbe C．shouldbe D．mightbe4．—Idon’tcarewhatKatethinks.—Well,you_________.Hersuggestionsareofsomevalue.A．would B．should C．might D．could5．Inmychildhood,onNewYear’sEve,allofourfamilymembers________betogether,sittingaroundthetableandenjoyingthefood.A．shall B．would C．must D．might6．Becareful!Don’tgetthejuiceonyournewdress,forit______washout.A．won’t B．mustn’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t7．Youdon’tlookwell.You________seethedoctor.A．oughtto B．may C．can D．might8．You________bepunishedifyoubreaktheschoolrules.A．would B．shall C．must D．should9．—Iwastoldtobehereatthistime.—Sorry,you________.Iforgottotellyouwehadchangedtheplan.A．must B．may C．can’t D．needn’t10．Ithoughtaboutallthoseyoungpeoplewhowouldnot_________gotothenexttowntobuytheirfavouritehamburgersandchips.A．haveto B．may C．shall D．usedto11．—__________youworkatsuchalatehour?Youarekillingmewiththatnoise.—How__________youtalktomelikethis!A．Must;dare B．Should;dare C．Should;can D．Will;can12．You________beseriousYouareactuallygoingtolendhimmoneyagain?A．needn’t B．can’t C．shouldn’t D．mustn’t重難突破（測試時間：10分鐘）語法填空1．—Jim,youworkthisSunday?—Whyme?I’vebeenworkingfortwoweeksonend.2．youhelpmewiththehousework,please?(Politerequest)3．Ihaveawordwithyou?Itwon’ttakelong.4．Ifinishreadingthebooktomorrow,butIamnotsureaboutit.5．Weaswelltakethesubwaytogettheresincethetrafficissobad.6．Youbecarefulwhenyoucrosstheroad.7．Youcan’timagineawell-behavedmanbesorudetoalady.8．ThetwinswerefilledwithexcitementastheythoughtofthesurprisetheywereplanningforMother’sDay.HowpleasedandproudMother(be)whentheybroughtherbreakfastinbed.9．Whenwewerestudentswe(stay)upallnight.10．ItissnowingoutsidesoIstayathome.(Intention)11．Ifyouhelpus，weshallbeverygrateful.12．Don’tworry,yougettheanswerthisafternoon.13．wegoonwiththisactivityonSaturdaymorning?14．I’veorderedsomepizza,soweworryaboutcookingwhenwegethometired.15．Westartoutsoearly；theflighthasbeenputofftillthreeo'clockintheafternoon.（mustn't，don'thaveto）易混易錯（測試時間：10分鐘）用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞填空1．—MustIfinishthetaskrightnow?—No，you(don’thaveto/mustn’t)2．It’ssonear.Wehavetakenataxi.(shouldn’t/can’t)3．Youhavespen