人教版選必二Discoverusefulstructures（表語(yǔ)從句的幾大問(wèn)題）

1.概念和定義：表語(yǔ)從句是在復(fù)合句中作表語(yǔ)的名詞性從句。放在系動(dòng)詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)從句”2.可以接表語(yǔ)從句的系動(dòng)詞：be,look,remain,seem，appear，sound，feel，smell等。3.引導(dǎo)詞：

（1）that

（2）whether

（3）疑問(wèn)引導(dǎo)詞：

A.疑問(wèn)代詞who(m)/what/which/whose;

B.疑問(wèn)副詞when/how/where/why;

C.疑問(wèn)代詞+everwhoever/whatever/whichever

(4)連詞：because;asif/asthough

(1)that(充當(dāng)連詞，不作成分；無(wú)詞義；陳述事實(shí)，不含疑問(wèn);不能省略。)

例：Thetruthisthatshelied.（2）whether(充當(dāng)連詞,不作成分；有詞義；含有疑問(wèn)“是否”；不能省略)；if不能引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。例：Thequestioniswhetherthemeasuresareworthtaking.（3）疑問(wèn)引導(dǎo)詞：

A.疑問(wèn)代詞who(m)/what/which/whose;

B.疑問(wèn)副詞when/how/where/why;

C.疑問(wèn)代詞+everwhoever/whatever/whichever

A:疑問(wèn)代詞Who(m）/what/which/whose：

Who(m）/what/which常用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，what/which/whose還可用作定語(yǔ)；有詞義；含有疑問(wèn)（注意：what表“所…的”時(shí)候沒(méi)有疑問(wèn)”如：Whatshesaid/knew/did…is….）；不能省略。Who、what的區(qū)別：相同點(diǎn)：作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ);不同點(diǎn)：who指人what指事物，what還可作定語(yǔ)。

Whowillattendthemeetingisnotknown.指人，主語(yǔ)

Who(m)youmentionedsurprisedme.指人，賓語(yǔ)

The

key

question

is

who

the

real

criminalis.指人，表語(yǔ)

Whatmadetheteacherangrywasthathewaslateforclassesagain.指物，主語(yǔ)

Whattheywantmostarereliefsupplies.指物，賓語(yǔ)，不含疑問(wèn)

Whatcausedtheexplosionremainsamystery.含疑問(wèn)

Whatpartshewillplayintheprojecthasn’tbeenknown.指物，定語(yǔ)

Who和what作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：

例1.The

key

question

is

who

the

real

leader

is.

例2.He

is

no

longer

what

he

used

to

be.例1中who在從句中作表語(yǔ)，用于說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份或特征；例2.中what在從句中作表語(yǔ)，用于表達(dá)主語(yǔ)過(guò)去的情況或樣子，表明主語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)發(fā)生變化。What和which作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：

例1：Whattoydoyoulike?(不限定具體玩具，無(wú)預(yù)設(shè)范圍，詢(xún)問(wèn)未知事物或泛指類(lèi)別。)

例2：Whichtoydoyouprefer,thisoneorthatone?(在指定玩具中選擇)

練習(xí)：

1.______partshewillplayintheprojecthasn’tbeenknown.

2.______ideaisthebestmustbetriedinpractice.分析：例1中沒(méi)有明確的范圍，屬泛指類(lèi)別，應(yīng)填What;

例2中有“thebest”表明是在具體的幾個(gè)中進(jìn)行比較、選擇，應(yīng)填Which.

Whose作定語(yǔ)的用法：

Whosebookthisisremainsamystery.表示“誰(shuí)的”，與what/which的語(yǔ)義不同。B.疑問(wèn)副詞when/how/where/why;

它們?cè)诰渲兄饕米鳡钫Z(yǔ)，有時(shí)也可用作表語(yǔ)。

例1.Hedroveasickchildtohisway.Thatwaswhyhewaslateforworktoday.

例2.

Last

summer

holidayswerewhenshetravelledaroundChinawithherparents.

例3.Withouthissupport,wewouldn’tbewherewearenow.“where”

作表語(yǔ)(2018,北京高考)

例4.What

surprised

us

was

how

he

worked

out

the

problem

in

such

a

short

time.C.疑問(wèn)代詞+ever:whoever/whatever/whichever

它們通常用于引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句，較少用于表語(yǔ)從句。在某些特定的語(yǔ)境中，也可用于引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。如：

例1.Whathewantstogetiswhateveryouhave.(他想得到的是你所擁有的一切。)

例2.The

problem

is

whatever

we

can

affordtosolve.(問(wèn)題是我能解決什么就解決什么)

(4)連詞：because;asif/asthough

連詞because引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句通常只用于“This/That/Itis/wasbecause…”結(jié)構(gòu)中。當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)是時(shí)reason，其后面的表語(yǔ)從句要用that引導(dǎo)，而不能用because。

例1.Itisbecausehewascareless.

例2.ThereasonwhyIdidn’tattendtheconferencewasthatIwastoobusy.連詞詞組asif/asthough也可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句：意為“好像，仿佛”，引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句常跟在系動(dòng)詞(seem,appear,look,taste,sound,feel,smell等)之后。若表語(yǔ)從句所述的是非真實(shí)的情況，從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；若所述的是事實(shí)或是極可能發(fā)生的情況，從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。

Itsoundsasif/thoughsomebodyisknockingatthedoor.

Itlooksasif/thoughhehadbeentoAmerica.

注意：because和asif/though是連詞，在句中不作成分。(5)易混的句式：

A.

This/That/It

is

why+表語(yǔ)從句（表結(jié)果），表示“這、那就是……的原因”。

B.This/That/Itisbecause+表語(yǔ)從句（表原因）表示……“這、那是因?yàn)椤薄＠?.Maybethat’swhyhegotangrywithme.例2.Ithinkitisbecauseyouaretootired.4.表語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣：兩種特定情況

（1）當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)是表示建議、命令、要求或愿望（order,suggestion,idea,plan,proposal,advice,demand）等含義的名詞時(shí)；

例1.Oursuggestionisthatyou（should）bethefirsttogo.

（2）當(dāng)表語(yǔ)從句由“asif”

或“asthough”

引導(dǎo)且表示假設(shè)而非事實(shí)時(shí)。

例1.Itlooksasifhewereangry.(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)

例2.Itseemedasthoughshehadknownthesecret.（與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反）

練習(xí)：用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空1.Thequestionis_________wecanmakegoodpreparationsinsuchashorttime.2.Asafamoussingeroncesaid,lifeis_________happenstoyouwhileyouarebusymakingotherplans.3.Theproblemis_________onelesshourofsleepisnotequaltoanextrahourofachievement.4.Thelibrarywas_________hespenthissparetimeincollege.5.Myworryis________Icanturntoincasethecomputercrashes.whetherwhatthatwherewho(m)6.Researchis________I’mdoingwhenIdon’tknowwhatI’mdoing.7.Thesaddestaspectofliferightnowis________sciencegathersknowledgefasterthansocietygatherswisdom.8.Anexpertcanbe________hasmadeallthemistakesthatcanbemadeinaverynarrowfield.9.Thisappliedscience,whichsavesworkandmakeslifeeasier,bringuslittlehappiness.Thatis___