2025年GRE語(yǔ)文閱讀理解沖刺試卷考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷Passage1Theproliferationofdigitalinformationhasfundamentallyalteredthelandscapeofscholarlyresearch,presentingbothunprecedentedopportunitiesandsignificantchallenges.Ononehand,researchersnowpossessaccesstoavirtuallylimitlessrepositoryofdataandscholarlyarticles,potentiallyacceleratingthepaceofdiscoveryandenablingmorecomprehensiveanalysesthaneverbefore.Thisaccessibilityhasdemocratizedaccesstoinformation,allowingscholarsfromdiverseinstitutions,includingthoseinlessaffluentregions,toengagewiththesamecutting-edgeliteratureastheirpeersworldwide.Furthermore,advancedcomputationaltoolsfacilitatetheprocessingandanalysisofmassivedatasets,leadingtoinsightsthatmightremainhiddeninsmaller,manuallycuratedcollections.However,thisdigitaldelugeisnotwithoutitsdrawbacks.Thesheervolumeofavailableinformationcanbeoverwhelming,makingitdifficultforresearcherstoidentifytrulyrelevantandhigh-qualitysourcesamidstthenoise.Thisphenomenon,oftentermed"informationoverload,"canleadtodecreasedproductivityasscholarsspendexcessivetimefilteringandsiftingthroughirrelevantdata.Moreover,theeasewithwhichinformationcanbeaccessedandsharedraisesconcernsaboutplagiarismandthereproducibilityofresearch.Therapiddisseminationoffindings,sometimesbeforerigorouspeerreview,cancompromisetheintegrityoftheacademicprocess.Additionally,relianceondigitalplatformsnecessitatesacertainleveloftechnicalproficiency,potentiallycreatingadigitaldivideamongresearcherswithvaryinglevelsofaccessandtraining.Questions1.Accordingtothepassage,whataretwoadvantagesoftheincreasedavailabilityofdigitalinformationforresearchers?2.Thepassagementions"informationoverload"asachallenge.Whatdoesthistermmostlikelyrefertointhecontextofthepassage?3.Theauthornotesconcernsregardingthereproducibilityofresearchinthedigitalage.Whatfactormentionedinthepassagecontributestothisconcern?4.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?Passage2Inmanyurbanenvironments,theproliferationofimpervioussurfaces,suchasconcreteandasphalt,hasledtoasignificantalterationofnaturalwatercycles.Traditionalstormwatermanagementsystemsoftenfocusonrapidrunoffcollectionanddischargeintolocalwaterbodies,apracticethatcanoverwhelmdrainageinfrastructureduringheavyrainfallevents.Thisleadstoincreasedriskoffloodinginurbanareasandsubsequentlydegradeswaterqualityinriversandlakesaspollutantscarriedbytherunoffaredepositedintothesewatersystems.Agrowingbodyofresearchhighlightsthebenefitsofincorporatinggreeninfrastructuretechniquesintourbanplanning.Greeninfrastructure,whichincludeselementslikegreenroofs,permeablepavements,raingardens,andurbanwetlands,aimstomanagestormwatermoresustainablybymimickingnaturalhydrologicalprocesses.Bypromotinginfiltrationandgroundwaterrecharge,thesesystemshelpreducesurfacerunoffvolumeandvelocity,therebymitigatingfloodrisks.Additionally,thefiltrationcapabilitiesofvegetationandsoilingreeninfrastructurecanremovepollutantsfromstormwater,leadingtoimprovedwaterquality.Implementinggreeninfrastructurealsooffersancillarybenefits,suchasenhancingurbanbiodiversity,coolingthesurroundingair,andcreatingmoreaestheticallypleasingandpeople-friendlyurbanspaces.Despitetheseadvantages,thewidespreadadoptionofgreeninfrastructurefacesseveralhurdles.Initialinstallationcostscanbehigherthanconventionalgreyinfrastructure,whichmaydetersomemunicipalitiesanddevelopers.Furthermore,theperformanceofgreeninfrastructurecanbemorevariableanddependentonlocalclimateconditionscomparedtotheoftenpredictableoutcomesofengineeredsystems.Integratingthesenaturalsystemsintoexistingurbanplanningcodesandmaintenanceprotocolsalsorequiresashiftinmindsetandexpertisewithinengineeringandurbanplanningfields.Nevertheless,thelong-termenvironmentalandsocialbenefitsofgreeninfrastructuresuggestthatitwarrantsincreasedconsiderationandinvestmentinurbandevelopmentstrategies.Questions5.Whatissuedoesthepassageidentifyasaresultofthecurrentfocusonrapidstormwaterrunoffcollectioninurbanareas?6.Accordingtothepassage,whataretwofunctionsofgreeninfrastructureinmanagingstormwater?7.Thepassagementionsseveralchallengestothewidespreadadoptionofgreeninfrastructure.Whichofthesechallengesrelatesmostdirectlytoeconomicconsiderations?8.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?Passage3Artisticmovementshavehistoricallyreflectedandofteninfluencedthesocial,political,andeconomicclimatesoftheirtimes.TheRenaissance,forinstance,emergedduringaperiodofrenewedinterestinclassicalknowledgeandhumanpotential,mirroringtheburgeoningeconomicprosperityandpoliticalstabilityinpartsofEurope.Similarly,theRomanticerarespondedtotheindustrialrevolutionandtheEnlightenment'semphasisonreasonbyemphasizingemotion,individualism,andthebeautyofnatureasalternativestoindustrializationandscientificrationalism.Thesemovementsnotonlyprovidedaestheticoutletsforartistsbutalsoservedaspowerfulculturalexpressionsthatshapedpublicconsciousnessandvalues.However,therelationshipbetweenartisticmovementsandtheirsociopoliticalcontextsisnotalwaysstraightforwardorunidirectional.Whileartistscanbeinfluencedbytheprevailingconditions,theyalsopossessthecreativeagencytocritique,challenge,orsubvertdominantideologies.Forexample,duringtimesofpoliticaloppression,artistshavesometimesusedallegoryandmetaphorintheirworktocritiqueregimesindirectly,riskingpersecutionintheprocess.Furthermore,theinterpretationofanartisticworkisnotsolelydeterminedbyitshistoricalcontext;individualviewersbringtheirownexperiencesandperspectives,leadingtodiverseandsometimesconflictinginterpretations.Thiscomplexitymeansthatwhileartisticmovementscanbevaluableindicatorsoftheir時(shí)代精神(spiritofthetimes),theyshouldnotbeviewedassimplereflectionsorpurelyfunctionalresponsestoexternalpressures.Incontemporarytimes,theintersectionofartandsocietycontinuestoevolve,influencedbyglobalizedcommunication,digitaltechnology,andnewsocialmovements.Artiststodaymayengagewithissuesrangingfromenvironmentalsustainabilityandsocialjusticetotheimpactofartificialintelligenceonhumancreativity.Theformsandmediumsusedalsoexpandbeyondtraditionalpaintingandsculpturetoincludeperformanceart,videoinstallation,anddigitalmedia.Associetybecomesincreasinglycomplexandinterconnected,theroleofartasamirror,acritique,andacatalystfordialogueremainssignificant,thoughitsspecificexpressionsandimpactscontinuetoadapttothenewrealitiesofthe21stcentury.Questions9.ThepassagesuggeststhattheRenaissancereflectedtheeconomicprosperityofitstime.WhatotheraspectoftheRenaissanceismentionedasreflectingtheera'scharacteristics?10.Accordingtothepassage,howcanartistssometimesusetheirworktointeractwithpoliticalcontexts?11.Theauthornotesthatinterpretationofartisnotsolelydeterminedbyhistoricalcontext.Whatfactormentionedinthepassagecontributestothisdiversityofinterpretation?12.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?試卷答案1.(i)accesstoavirtuallylimitlessrepositoryofdataandscholarlyarticles,(ii)enablingmorecomprehensiveanalysesthaneverbefore/democratizedaccesstoinformation*解析思路：第一題問(wèn)的是數(shù)字信息增多給研究者的兩個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句，提到了“accesstoavirtuallylimitlessrepositoryofdataandscholarlyarticles”，即訪問(wèn)幾乎無(wú)限的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)和學(xué)術(shù)文章。第二句提到“enablingmorecomprehensiveanalysesthaneverbefore”，即實(shí)現(xiàn)前所未有的全面分析。此外，該句還提到“democratizedaccesstoinformation”，即信息民主化，也是一項(xiàng)重要優(yōu)勢(shì)。選項(xiàng)(i)和(ii)都符合原文信息。2.thedifficultyforresearcherstoidentifytrulyrelevantandhigh-qualitysourcesamidstthesheervolumeofavailableinformation*解析思路：第二題問(wèn)“informationoverload”在文中最可能指什么。根據(jù)文章第一段第四句，“Thisphenomenon,oftentermed'informationoverload,'canleadtodecreasedproductivityasscholarsspendexcessivetimefilteringandsiftingthroughirrelevantdata”，明確指出信息過(guò)載現(xiàn)象導(dǎo)致學(xué)者需要花費(fèi)過(guò)多時(shí)間在篩選和過(guò)濾“irrelevantdata”（不相關(guān)信息）上。因此，選項(xiàng)指的是研究者在海量信息中難以識(shí)別出真正相關(guān)和高質(zhì)量信息，并因此花費(fèi)過(guò)多時(shí)間處理不相關(guān)信息。3.therapiddisseminationoffindings,sometimesbeforerigorouspeerreview*解析思路：第三題問(wèn)的是文中提到的一個(gè)導(dǎo)致研究可重復(fù)性擔(dān)憂的因素。根據(jù)文章第一段第五句，“Moreover,theeasewithwhichinformationcanbeaccessedandsharedraisesconcernsaboutplagiarismandthereproducibilityofresearch.Therapiddisseminationoffindings,sometimesbeforerigorouspeerreview,cancompromisetheintegrityoftheacademicprocess.”，明確指出“therapiddisseminationoffindings,sometimesbeforerigorouspeerreview”（發(fā)現(xiàn)成果的快速傳播，有時(shí)甚至在嚴(yán)格的同行評(píng)審之前）會(huì)損害學(xué)術(shù)過(guò)程的完整性，并引出對(duì)研究可重復(fù)性的擔(dān)憂。因此，這是導(dǎo)致?lián)鷳n的因素。4.Todiscussboththeadvantagesanddisadvantagesoftheincreasedavailabilityofdigitalinformationforresearchers.*解析思路：第四題問(wèn)的是文章的主要目的。文章第一段論述了數(shù)字信息增加的好處，第二段論述了其壞處。全文圍繞數(shù)字信息的增多，分析了其對(duì)研究者的利與弊。因此，文章的主要目的是討論數(shù)字信息增多對(duì)研究者的優(yōu)勢(shì)與劣勢(shì)。文章結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，圍繞這一核心進(jìn)行對(duì)比論述。5.increasedriskoffloodinginurbanareas*解析思路：第五題問(wèn)的是當(dāng)前城市雨水管理方式導(dǎo)致的一個(gè)問(wèn)題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句，“Traditionalstormwatermanagementsystemsoftenfocusonrapidrunoffcollectionanddischargeintolocalwaterbodies,apracticethatcanoverwhelmdrainageinfrastructureduringheavyrainfallevents.Thisleadstoincreasedriskoffloodinginurbanareas”，明確指出，快速收集和排放雨水到當(dāng)?shù)厮w的做法，在暴雨時(shí)會(huì)導(dǎo)致排水設(shè)施超負(fù)荷，從而增加了城市地區(qū)的洪水風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。因此，這是該做法導(dǎo)致的問(wèn)題。6.(i)promotinginfiltrationandgroundwaterrecharge,(ii)filteringpollutantsfromstormwater*解析思路：第六題問(wèn)的是綠色基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施在管理雨水時(shí)的兩個(gè)功能。根據(jù)文章第二段第三句，“Bypromotinginfiltrationandgroundwaterrecharge,thesesystemshelpreducesurfacerunoffvolumeandvelocity,therebymitigatingfloodrisks”，提到綠色基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施通過(guò)促進(jìn)滲透和地下水補(bǔ)給來(lái)減少地表徑流，從而緩解洪水風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，這體現(xiàn)了其“promotinginfiltrationandgroundwaterrecharge”（促進(jìn)滲透和地下水補(bǔ)給）的功能。接著該句還提到“additionallythefiltrationcapabilitiesofvegetationandsoilingreeninfrastructurecanremovepollutantsfromstormwater,leadingtoimprovedwaterquality”，說(shuō)明綠色基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施中的植被和土壤具有過(guò)濾能力，可以去除雨水中的污染物，這對(duì)應(yīng)了“filteringpollutantsfromstormwater”（過(guò)濾雨水中的污染物）的功能。選項(xiàng)(i)和(ii)都符合原文描述。7.Initialinstallationcostscanbehigherthanconventionalgreyinfrastructure*解析思路：第七題問(wèn)的是綠色基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施推廣面臨的障礙中，哪一個(gè)與經(jīng)濟(jì)考慮最直接相關(guān)。根據(jù)文章第二段第五句，“Despitetheseadvantages,thewidespreadadoptionofgreeninfrastructurefacesseveralhurdles.Furthermore,theperformanceofgreeninfrastructurecanbemorevariableanddependentonlocalclimateconditionscomparedtotheoftenpredictableoutcomesofengineeredsystems.Integratingthesenaturalsystemsintoexistingurbanplanningcodesandmaintenanceprotocolsalsorequiresashiftinmindsetandexpertisewithinengineeringandurbanplanningfields.Nevertheless,thelong-termenvironmentalandsocialbenefitsofgreeninfrastructuresuggestthatitwarrantsincreasedconsiderationandinvestmentinurbandevelopmentstrategies.”，明確提到了幾個(gè)障礙：初始安裝成本高（“Initialinstallationcostscanbehigherthanconventionalgreyinfrastructure”），性能可能更可變（與經(jīng)濟(jì)相關(guān)的性能風(fēng)險(xiǎn)），以及需要思維和專業(yè)知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)變（非經(jīng)濟(jì)因素）。其中，“Initialinstallationcostscanbehigherthanconventionalgreyinfrastructure”直接指出了經(jīng)濟(jì)成本問(wèn)題，是成本高于傳統(tǒng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，因此與經(jīng)濟(jì)考慮最直接相關(guān)。8.Therelationshipbetweenartisticmovementsandtheirsociopoliticalcontexts.*解析思路：第八題問(wèn)的是文章的主要話題。文章第一段討論了藝術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)如何反映社會(huì)政治環(huán)境（如文藝復(fù)興反映經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮和古典復(fù)興），以及如何影響社會(huì)政治環(huán)境。第二段則討論了這種關(guān)系的復(fù)雜性，指出藝術(shù)家可能挑戰(zhàn)環(huán)境，以及個(gè)人解讀的作用。第三段進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明在當(dāng)代，藝術(shù)繼續(xù)與社會(huì)互動(dòng)，形式也在擴(kuò)展。全文的核心是圍繞藝術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)與其所處的社會(huì)和政治背景之間的聯(lián)系展開(kāi)討論的。因此，文章的主要話題是藝術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)與其社會(huì)政治背景之間的關(guān)系。9.anincreasedinterestinclassicalknowledgeandhumanpotential*解析思路：第九題問(wèn)的是除了經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮外，文章還提到了文藝復(fù)興反映了其時(shí)代的哪個(gè)其他方面。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句，“Thisphenomenon[theRenaissance]alsoreflectedtheburgeoningeconomicprosperityandpoliticalstabilityinpartsofEurope.Furthermore,theeasewithwhichinformationcouldbeaccessedandsharedduringthisperiodfosteredanenvironmentofintellectualcuriosityandarenewedinterestinclassicalkn