專題04閱讀理解之說明文考點(diǎn)01中考真題匯編（一）（2025·湖北統(tǒng)考·中考真題）Longago,inancientChina,therewasastoryabouttheinventionofsilk.PeoplebelievedthatsilkwasfirstinventedbyLeizu,thewifeoftheYellowEmperor.Leizulearnedhowtomakecocoons(蠶繭)intosoftandstrongcloth.Thismagicalclothbecameknownas“silk”,anditwassovaluablethatitwascalled“China’sGold”.Followingkings’orders,theChinesekeptthesecretofmakingsilkforcenturies.Butthen,somethingamazinghappened!DuringtheHanDynasty,thebraveofficerZhangQiantraveledwestasfarasCentralAsiaandbroughtsilkthere.Asyearspassedby,silkbecamesoimportantthatthetraderoadfromEuropetoChinagotitsname—theSilkRoad.TheSilkRoadbecameabusyhighwayfortraderswhocarriedthingsacrossdesertsandmountains.FromChina,peoplesoldsilkandtea.Inreturn,theyreceivedtreasuressuchasspices(香料),goldandsilverfromtheWest.Attheverybeginning,itwasmainlyabouttrade;thenpeoplebegantoshareideas,technologiesandcultures.Forexample,ChineseinventionslikepapermakingwerespreadtotheWest,whilenewideasaboutmathandsciencecametoChina.Mostimportantly,theSilkRoadhelpeddifferentcultureslearnfromeachother.Art,musicandevenlanguageweresharedalongthisancientroad.InplacesliketheDunhuangGrottoes(敦煌石窟)inChina,youcanseehowartpiecescombined(融合)EasternandWesternstylesintosomethingdistinctive.Itcannotbeseenanywhereelse.ThestoryoftheSilkRoadtellsushowpeoplefromfarawaylandscouldbecomefriendsthroughtradeandsharedideas.Today,weremembertheSilkRoadasoneofthegreatestexamplesofcooperationandexchangeinhistory.Itshowsushowimportantitistolearnaboutandrespecteachother’straditions,andthatdifferentculturescanworktogethertocreateamazingthings.1．WhoinventedsilkinancientChina?A．Leizu. B．Thekings. C．ZhangQian. D．TheYellowEmperor.2．WhatwasspreadfromChinatotheWestaccordingtoparagraph3?A．Silkandgold. B．Teaandpapermaking. C．Spicesandsilver. D．Newideasofscience.3．Whatistherightorderofthefollowingfactsfromthepassage?①ZhangQiantraveledwestwithsilk.②ArtandlanguageweresharedalongtheSilkRoad.③TradersfromChinaandtheWestexchangedthings.④TheChinesewereorderedtokeepthesecretofmakingsilk.A．①→④→③→②B．①→③→④→②C．④→①→③→② D．④→③→②→①4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“distinctive”meaninparagraph4?A．Special. B．Public. C．Popular. D．Strong.5．WhatdoesthestoryoftheSilkRoadmainlytellus?A．Thechangeofworldtrade. B．Theintroductionofsilkcloth.C．Theinfluenceoftechnologyinhistory. D．Theimportanceofcross-culturalcommunication.【答案】1．A2．B3．C4．A5．D【解析】本文介紹了絲綢之路的由來以及跨文化交流的重要性。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“PeoplebelievedthatsilkwasfirstinventedbyLeizu,thewifeoftheYellowEmperor.”可知絲綢是嫘祖?發(fā)明的。故選A。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“FromChina,peoplesoldsilkandtea.Inreturn,theyreceivedtreasuressuchasspices,goldandsilverfromtheWest.”和“Forexample,ChineseinventionslikepapermakingwerespreadtotheWest,”可知絲綢、茶葉和造紙從中國運(yùn)到西方。故選B。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Followingkings’orders,theChinesekeptthesecretofmakingsilkforcenturies.”可知絲綢制作方法一直是保密的，即④，直到后來“DuringtheHanDynasty,thebraveofficerZhangQiantraveledwestasfarasCentralAsiaandbroughtsilkthere.”張騫把絲綢帶去西方，即①，然后開始有絲綢之路。故選C。4．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“youcanseehowartpiecescombinedEasternandWesternstylesintosomethingdistinctive.”可知中西方文化融合會出來特殊的東西。故選A。5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“ThestoryoftheSilkRoadtellsushowpeoplefromfarawaylandscouldbecomefriendsthroughtradeandsharedideas.”可知絲綢之路的故事告訴我們以前的人們會通過貿(mào)易和分享成為朋友，因此介紹了跨文化交流的重要性。故選D。（三）（2024·湖北統(tǒng)考·中考真題）Sofar,Chinahassuccessfullysentalargenumberofsatellites(衛(wèi)星)andspaceshipsintospace.Spacescientistshavebeengreatlyinspired(賦予靈感)bytheoldstoriesandancientfamouspeoplewhengivingthemnames.Sincethousandsofyearsago,Chinesepeoplehavedreamedofgoingtothemoon.Chang’eFliestotheMoonisoneofthemostpopularstories.Asyoucansee,China’sfirstman-madesatellitetocirclearoundthemoonwasnamedChang’eI.Moreinterestingly,themoonrover(巡視器)wasnamedaftertheJadeRabbit,whoisthepartnerofChang’einthestory.Theseoldstoriescarrypeople’sbestwishesanddreams.Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,ourscientistshavemadethemcometrue.KuaFuRunsAftertheSunisanotherstorytoshowhowmuchancientChinesepeoplewantedtoknowabouttheunknownworld.Now,KuaFuisgoingwiththescientiststo“visit”thesun,becausewehaveaspaceprojectcalledKuaFuMission.Besidestheancientstories,spacescientistsalsogetideasfromancientfamouspeople.Forexample,Mozi,anancientscientist,discoveredthatlighttravelsinastraightlineover2,000yearsago.Hisdiscoverymadespacestudytakeabigstepatthattime.So,China’sfirstquantum(量子)sciencesatellitewasnamedMozi,makingChinathefirstcountryintheworldtoachievequantumcommunicationbetweensatellitesandtheground.Fromsuchsimplethingsasgivingnamestothesatellites,wecanseehowgreatourtraditionalcultureisandwhatinfluenceithasonourmodernscienceandtechnology.1．InChina,spacescientistsgetideasfrom________whennamingsatellites.①oldstories

②traditionalprojects③ancientfamouspeople

④popularinventionsA．①② B．①③ C．②④ D．③④2．WhatdoweknowaboutChang’eIaccordingtothepassage?A．Itmovesaroundthemoon. B．ItprotectstheJadeRabbit.C．It“visits”thesunwiththescientists. D．Itistheworld’sfirstman-madesatellite.3．HowdoesthewritersupporthisopinioninParagraph4?A．Bylistingnumbers. B．Bycomparingfacts.C．Bygivinganexample. D．Byreportingaresult.4．Whichistherightstructureofthepassage?(①=Paragraph1

②=Paragraph2,…)A． B．C． D．5．What’sthewriter’smainpurposeofwritingthepassage?A．TospreadthetraditionalChineseculture.B．Toexplainhowourscientistsdevelopthespaceindustry.C．Tointroducetheachievementsinourscienceandtechnology.D．TotellhowtraditionalChinesecultureinfluencesourspacescience.【答案】1．B2．A3．C4．A5．D【解析】本文是一篇說明文，文章介紹了嫦娥一號、“玉兔號”月球車、“墨子號”空間量子科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)衛(wèi)星等與中國古代傳統(tǒng)文化之間的淵源，表明了我國傳統(tǒng)文化對我國太空技術(shù)的深遠(yuǎn)影響。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Spacescientistshavebeengreatlyinspired(賦予靈感)bytheoldstoriesandancientfamouspeoplewhengivingthemnames.”可知，太空科學(xué)家給衛(wèi)星命名時(shí)受到古老的故事以及古代著名人物的啟發(fā)。故選B。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Asyoucansee,China’sfirstman-madesatellitetocirclearoundthemoonwasnamedChang’eI.”可知，嫦娥一號繞月運(yùn)行。故選A。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Besidestheancientstories,spacescientistsalsogetideasfromancientfamouspeople.Forexample…”可知，文章第四段介紹科學(xué)家給衛(wèi)星命名時(shí)還受到古代名人的啟發(fā)，下文列舉了“墨子號”的例子。故作者通過舉例子的方式支持自己的觀點(diǎn)。故選C。4．篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。通讀文章可知，第一段介紹文章主題，太空技術(shù)與古代傳統(tǒng)文化有關(guān)系；第二、三、四段分別從中國傳統(tǒng)故事以及古代著名人物方面介紹；最后一段總結(jié)全文，升華主題。故文章的結(jié)構(gòu)是總（①）——分（②③④）——總（⑤）。故選A。5．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Fromsuchsimplethingsasgivingnamestothesatellites,wecanseehowgreatourtraditionalcultureisandwhatinfluenceithasonourmodernscienceandtechnology.”及全文可知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是介紹中國的空間技術(shù)與中國傳統(tǒng)文化之間的淵源，中國傳統(tǒng)文化影響著我國的空間技術(shù)。故選D。（三）（2024·湖北·中考真題）EatWell,LiveWellWeeatfoodsothatwehaveenergytorun,jumpandplay.Weshouldhaveplentyofdifferentthings.Weshouldeatplentyofdairyproductssuchasmilk,cheese,andsoon.Alongwithfish,beansandmeat,dairyproductsmakeusstrong.Doit!Lookforlow-fatmilkandcheese.Theyarehealthier.Weshouldalsoeatenoughgrainproductssothatwehaveenergytoworkandplay.Grainproductsincludebread,riceandnoodles.Doit!Eatacertainamount(數(shù)量)ofgrainproductstokeepfit.Fruitandvegetableskeepushealthy.Weshouldeatplentyofthemateverymeal.Doit!Trytoeatfruitandvegetablesindifferentcolorseveryday.Don’tforgettodrinkwater.Weshoulddrink6-8glassesofwatereverydaysothatourbodiesworkproperly.1．Whichofthefollowingisakindofdairyproducts?A．Fish. B．Beans. C．Milk. D．Noodles.2．Howmanykindsofgrainproductsarementionedinthepassage?A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.3．Whichishealthierthantheotherthreeaccordingtothepassage?A． B．C． D．4．What’sthewriter’sopinionabouteatingwell?A．Grainproductsarethebestofall. B．Eatplentyoffoodasyoulikeeveryday.C．Vegetablesmakeourbodiesworkproperly. D．Havedifferentkindsoffoodandenoughwater.5．Inwhichpartofamagazinecanweprobablyreadthepassage?A．Art. B．Sports. C．Health. D．Education.【答案】1．C2．B3．A4．D5．C【解析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了我們應(yīng)該如何健康合理地飲食。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Weshouldeatplentyofdairyproductssuchasmilk,cheese,andsoon.”可知，牛奶是乳制品。故選C。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Grainproductsincludebread,riceandnoodles.”可知，文中提到了面包、米飯、面條三種谷類食物。故選B。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通讀文章可知，一份健康的飲食應(yīng)該包括乳制品、肉類、豆子、谷類食物、水果蔬菜以及水等。B選項(xiàng)缺少乳制品、肉類，C選項(xiàng)缺少水果蔬菜，D選項(xiàng)缺少乳制品，只有A選項(xiàng)種類齊全，更健康。故選A。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Weshouldhaveplentyofdifferentthings.”及“Don’tforgettodrinkwater.Weshoulddrink6-8glassesofwatereveryday”可知，作者認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該吃各種不同的食物以及多喝水。故選D。5．推理判斷題。通讀文章可知，本文主要介紹了健康合理的飲食，故可能在“健康”版塊讀到此文章。故選C。（四）（2023·湖北恩施·中考真題）Overthepasttenyears,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecountrysideofChina.BachaVillageinHeilongjiangProvinceisoneofthem.Thepeopletherehavebecomerichwiththedevelopmentofthetourism.YouMingfen,a57-year-oldlocalwoman,openedahotelinherowntwo-floorhouse.Herfamilyalsohasafishingboat.Herhusbandcanuseittogetthefreshfish,whichwillbeofferedtotheguestsfromalloverChina.Thefishskinandbonescanalsobemadeintohand-madegifts.Theyareverypopularwiththetourists.“ThebusiesttourismseasoninBachalastsfromMaytoOctober,whichcanbringusmorethan50,000yuanayear,”shesaid,“Inwinter,wecanstayinawarmroomandenjoytheleisuretime.Itwasimpossiblebefore.Atthattime,wealmostdependedonfishingforaliving.”Since2016,thetourismindustryinBachaVillagehasdevelopedrapidly.Lastyear,morethan60,000touristscamehere,andtheincomeforeachpersoninthevillageincreasedto25,600yuan.Now,theroadsarewider,thehousesarebrighterandthelivingconditionsaremorecomfortable.Thankstothegoodpoliciesofthegovernment,villagersgetmorewaystomakemoney.Manyyoungpeoplewhoworkfarawaycomebackandworkintheirownhometown.Theycannotonlycarefortheirfamiliesbutalsobuildtheirhometown.PeopleinChinahaveasenseofhappinessfromthebottomoftheirhearts.1．Accordingtothepassage,peopleinBachahavebecomerichwiththedevelopmentofthe_________.A．education B．farming C．fishing D．tourism2．InParagraph4,theunderlinedword“income”means________inChinese.A．收入 B．支出 C．價(jià)格 D．稅收3．WhichofthefollowingaboutYouMingfenisTRUE?A．Sheis75yearsold. B．Shehasatwo-floorhouse.C．Shehasanicecar. D．Thegiftsmadebyherareexpensive.4．Wecanreadthispassageinthe_________partofthenewspaper.A．sports B．health C．science D．society5．Fromthelastparagraph,weknowthat________.A．manyyoungpeoplegotobigcitiesforworkB．ChinesepeoplearelivingahappylifenowC．thegovernmentcarriesoutpoliciestoprotecttheenvironmentD．manyoldpeoplehavetolookaftertheirgrandchildrenathome【答案】1．D2．A3．B4．D5．B【解析】本文以黑龍江八岔村為例，介紹了在中國好政策的指導(dǎo)下，社會發(fā)展，人民致富的繁榮景象。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thepeopletherehavebecomerichwiththedevelopmentofthetourism.”可知，隨著旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展，八岔村的村民變富裕了。故選D。2．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“thetourismindustryinBachaVillagehasdevelopedrapidly.Lastyear,morethan60,000touristscamehere,andtheincomeforeachpersoninthevillageincreasedto25,600yuan.”可知，八岔村旅游業(yè)發(fā)展迅速，去年有6萬多名游客前去觀光，這帶動了八岔村村民收入的提高，劃線部分意為“收入”。故選A。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“YouMingfen,a57-year-oldlocalwoman,openedahotelinherowntwo-floorhouse.”可知，YouMingfen有一個(gè)2層小樓。故選B。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Overthepasttenyears,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecountrysideofChina.”及全文可知，本文以黑龍江八岔村為例，介紹了在中國好政策的指導(dǎo)下，社會發(fā)展，人民致富的繁榮景象，該文章屬于“社會”范疇，故在報(bào)紙的“社會”版塊可讀到。故選D。5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Thankstothegoodpoliciesofthegovernment,villagersgetmorewaystomakemoney.…PeopleinChinahaveasenseofhappinessfromthebottomoftheirhearts.”可知，中國人現(xiàn)在有了更多致富途徑，有發(fā)自內(nèi)心的幸福感，故推知現(xiàn)在中國人民過著幸福生活。故選B。（五）（2023·湖北鄂州·中考真題）(Niuperformsonthestage)Whentheothermodelsappearedonthestage,theaudience（觀眾）cheeredandclapped.ThenitwasNiu’sturn.Theaudiencesuddenlybecamesilent.However,afterfourorfiveseconds,Niuclearlyheardsomeonenexttothestagesayinadmiration,“Socool!”NiuYu,24,becameashiningstaratShanghaiFashionWeekforherconfidence,eventhoughshewaswearingaprostheticleg.WhenNiuwasonly11,sheunluckilylostherrightlegduringtheWenchuanEarthquake.Niuhaswonlotsofpraise.Thisgivesthosewhohaveprejudice（偏見）againstthedisabledahitonthenose.“Iwastouchedbysomethingtheysaid.Theysaidthetraditionalviewwasthatsportswereforpeoplewithhealthylegs,butsportsshouldbeakindofspirit.EventhoughIhavelostaleg,Istilldeeplylovesportsandwilldosoforever,”Niusaid.Actually,Niufirstdrewthepublic’sattentionwhenshecompletedamarathon—a42.195-kilometerracein2018,whichwasheldinWenchuantomarkthetenthanniversary（周年紀(jì)念）oftheearthquake.Now,Niuworksasaphotographerandhasmorethan960,000followersonsocialplatforms,suchasDouyin.“IfeelIhaveasocialresponsibilitytobridgethedisabledandthepublic.Showingmylifetothepubliccanallowthemtobetterunderstandourgroupandcanalsotellotherdisabledpeoplethatoursocietyismoretolerant（寬容）thantheyimagined,”sheexplained.1．WhatisNiuYunow?A．Asportsstar. B．Asinger. C．Amodel. D．Aphotographer.2．Theaudiencesuddenly________whenNiuYuappearedonthestage.A．cheered B．clapped C．becamesilent D．laughed3．HowoldwasNiuYuwhenshelostherrightleg?A．24yearsold. B．11yearsold. C．10yearsold. D．4yearsold.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“followers”meaninParagraph4?A．Fans. B．Dancers. C．Photos. D．Learners.5．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A．NiuYubecameashiningstarforherconfidence.B．NiuYuhasover960,000followersonsocialplatforms.C．NiuYufirstdrewthepublic’sattentioninthemarathonin2018.D．NiuYuthinkssportsareforpeoplewithhealthylegs.【答案】1．D2．C3．B4．A5．D【解析】本文介紹了在汶川地震中失去右腳卻努力成為模特和攝影師的女孩——牛鈺。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Now,Niuworksasaphotographerandhasmorethan960,000followersonsocialplatforms,suchasDouyin.”可知，?，F(xiàn)在是一名攝影師。故選D。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ThenitwasNiu’sturn.Theaudiencesuddenlybecamesilent.”可知，當(dāng)她出現(xiàn)在舞臺上的時(shí)候，觀眾們突然沉默下來。故選C。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“WhenNiuwasonly11,sheunluckilylostherrightlegduringtheWenchuanEarthquake.”可知，在她11歲時(shí)，她在汶川地震中不幸地失去了她的右腳。故選B。4．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“Now,Niuworksasaphotographerandhasmorethan960,000followersonsocialplatforms,suchasDouyin.”可知，現(xiàn)在，牛是一名攝影師，在抖音等社交平臺上擁有超過96萬粉絲。followers意為“粉絲”，與fans同義。故選A。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Theysaidthetraditionalviewwasthatsportswereforpeoplewithhealthylegs,butsportsshouldbeakindofspirit.EventhoughIhavelostaleg,Istilldeeplylovesportsandwilldosoforever”可知，他們說，傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，運(yùn)動是為腿健康的人準(zhǔn)備的，但運(yùn)動應(yīng)該是一種精神。盡管她失去了一條腿，但她仍然熱愛體育，并將永遠(yuǎn)熱愛體育。由此可知，她不認(rèn)為運(yùn)動是為腿健康的人準(zhǔn)備的。故選D。（六）（2023·湖北隨州·中考真題）Youarealwaystoldtowashyourhandsbeforeyoueat.Youknowyoumustwashyourhandsaftergoingtothebathroom.Youshouldwashyourhandsmanytimesduringtheday.Doyouknowhowtowashyourhandscorrectly?Alwaysusesoaptowashyourhands.Afterturningonthetap(水龍頭)andwettingyourhands,youcanrub(摩擦)yourhandswithsoap.Soapmaynotkillallthegerms(細(xì)菌),butitcanwashawaytheoilonyourskin.Astheoiliswashedaway,thegermswillleaveyourhandsandgoaway.Youshouldwashyourhandsfor15-20seconds.Howdoyouknowthelength(長度)of15-20seconds?YoucansingABCSong.Bythetimeyougettothelastnote,yourhandswillbeclean!Rubyourhandstogether.Youcanuseonehandtorubthebackoftheotherhandandthenexchangetwohands.Youalsoneedtorubbetweenyourfingers.Don’tforgettorubunderandaroundyourfingernails.Maybeyourhandsdon’tlookdirty,buttherearegermsonthem.Germsaretoosmallforyoutosee.Theyareonyourhandsallthetime.Manyillnessesarecausedbygerms,soyoushouldoftenwashyourhands.1．WhydoesthewritermentionABCSong?A．Becauseitisthemostpopularsongintheworld.B．Becauseeveryonecansingthissongverywell.C．BecausewashinghandsisaseasyassingingABCSong.D．Becauseyoucansingthissongtoknowthelengthofwashinghands.2．Theunderlinedword“note”inParagraph3means“________”inChinese.A．音符 B．注釋 C．筆記 D．便條3．WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?A．Usingsoaptowashyourhands.B．Usingacleantowel(毛巾)todryyourhands.C．Washingyourhandsforabout20seconds.D．Rubbingunderandaroundyourfingernails.4．Accordingtothepassage,youcanknow________.A．whyyoushouldoftenwashhandsB．whatthebestsoappeopleusuallyuseisC．whatkindofgermsthereareonyourhandsD．howmanygermsthereareonyourhands5．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Howtostayhealthy. B．Howtoprotectyourfingers.C．Howtowashhandscorrectly. D．Howtokeepawayfromgerms.【答案】1．D2．A3．B4．A5．C【解析】本文主要是介紹如何正確洗手。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Howdoyouknowthelength(長度)of15-20seconds?YoucansingABCSong.”可知可以通過唱歌知道洗手的時(shí)間，故選D。2．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“YoucansingABCSong.Bythetimeyougettothelastnote,yourhandswillbeclean!”可知，唱到最后一個(gè)音符，手就洗好了，可推測“note”意為“音符”，故選A。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Alwaysusesoaptowashyourhands.”，“Youshouldwashyourhandsfor15-20seconds.”和“Rubyourhandstogether.”可知，并沒有提到用干凈的毛巾擦干手，故選B。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Manyillnessesarecausedbygerms,soyoushouldoftenwashyourhands.”可知，細(xì)菌可以導(dǎo)致很多疾病，所以要勤洗手，說明我們可以知道為什么要經(jīng)常洗手，故選A。5．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Doyouknowhowtowashyourhandscorrectly?”以及下文介紹的洗手方法可知，本文主要是介紹如何正確洗手，故選C?？键c(diǎn)022025年中考模擬（一）（2025·湖北黃岡·三模）①DoyouknowthatChinahascarriedoutanotherexcitingspacemission(任務(wù))?It’scalledShenzhou-19,andit’sanotheramazingjourneytoourspacestation.②Threeastronauts,CaiXuzhe,SongLingdongandWangHaoze,arepartofthismission.Caiisthecommander(指令長),andheonceflewtospacein2022withtheShenzhou-14mission.BothSongandWangwereborninthe1990s.Theyarenewtospacetravel,buttheyareveryexperienced.Songusedtobeanairforcepilot,andWangisChina’sonlywomanspaceflightengineer.SheisalsothethirdChinesewomantogoonaspacemissionafterLiuYangandWangYaping.③TheShenzhou-19spaceshiptookofffromJiuquanSatelliteLaunchCenterintheearlymorningonOctober30,2024.TheywentupintospaceandmettheShenzhou-18astronautsatthespacestation.Theywillstaythereformonthsanddomanyimportantjobs.④Duringtheirtimeinspace,theastronautswilldoscientificexperiments(實(shí)驗(yàn)),goonspacewalks,andevenhelpwithbuildingandfixingthingsoutsidethespacestation.Theywillalsoteachusaboutspacethrougheducationalactivities.Aftertheirworkisdone,theyareexpectedtocomebacktotheearthinlateAprilorearlyMaythisyear.⑤Let’skeepoureyesonthestarsanddreamabouttheexcitingthingswecanlearnfromthismission.Maybeonedaywe’llbepartofChina’sspaceadventurestoo!1．WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheastronautsofShenzhou-19isTrue?A．SongLingdongwasanarmyofficerbefore.B．Allthreeastronautshavebeentospacebefore.C．CaiXuzhecarriedouttheShenzhou-14mission.D．WangHaozeisthefirstChinesewomanspaceflightengineer.2．Whatwilltheastronautsdoduringthemission?a.dosomeexperiments

b.goonspacewalksc.drivetheairplane

d.teachstudentsaboutspaceA．a(chǎn)bc B．bcd C．cda D．a(chǎn)bd3．Howlongwilltheastronautsstayinspace?A．Foraboutamonth. B．Forlessthanthreemonths.C．Foraroundhalfayear. D．Foroverayear.4．Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?A．Thehistoryofspaceexploration. B．AnotherspacemissionofChina.C．Astronauts’personalstories. D．China’sspaceplan.5．Whichistherightstructureofthepassage?(①=Paragraph1②=Paragraph2…)A． B． C． D．【答案】1．C2．D3．C4．B5．A【解析】本文主要講述了中國進(jìn)行的又一次激動人心的太空任務(wù)——神舟十九號。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Caiisthecommander(指令長),andheonceflewtospacein2022withtheShenzhou-14mission.”可知，蔡旭哲在2022年曾隨“神船十四號”任務(wù)飛往太空。故選C。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Duringtheirtimeinspace,theastronautswilldoscientificexperiments(實(shí)驗(yàn)),goonspacewalks,andevenhelpwithbuildingandfixingthingsoutsidethespacestation.Theywillalsoteachusaboutspacethrougheducationalactivities.”可知，宇航員在太空期間將進(jìn)行科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)、進(jìn)行太空行走，并通過教育活動向人們傳授太空知識，因此選項(xiàng)abd正確。故選D。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“TheShenzhou-19spaceshiptookofffromJiuquanSatelliteLaunchCenterintheearlymorningonOctober30,2024…Aftertheirworkisdone,theyareexpectedtocomebacktotheearthinlateAprilorearlyMaythisyear.”可知，宇航員預(yù)計(jì)將在2024年10月30日發(fā)射，并在2025年4月底或5月初返回地球。因此，他們在太空停留的時(shí)間大約為6個(gè)月。故選C。4．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講述了中國進(jìn)行的又一次激動人心的太空任務(wù)——神舟十九號。故選B。5．篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。通讀全文可知，第一段引出主題；第二三四段介紹任務(wù)人員、內(nèi)容等；第五段總結(jié)，因此文章為總分總結(jié)構(gòu)。故選A。（二）（2025·湖北省部分學(xué)校聯(lián)考·二模）TheFirstStepsintoSpaceIn1961,SovietastronautYuriGagarinbecamethefirsthumaninspace,completinga108-minuteflightthatshowedspacetravelwaspossible.In1969,theU.S.Apollo11missionlandedontheMoon.AstronautNeilArmstrongwasthefirsttostepontoitssurface.Hisfamouswords—“Onesmallstepforman,onegiantleapformankind”—markedahugemilestone(里程碑).SpaceTechnologyinOurLivesManyeverydaytechnologiescomefromspaceresearch.Satelliteshelpustrack(追蹤)storms,sendemails,andfinddirectionswithGPS.Memoryfoam(記憶棉)inpillowsandmattresses(床墊)wasfirstdevelopedforastronauts’comfortduringspacemissions.Eventhewaterfilters(過濾器)inourhomesusedesignstestedinspacestations.Spaceexplorationisn’tjustaboutdiscovery—it’salsoaboutimprovinglifeontheEarth.________OnApril24,2025,Chinalaunched(發(fā)射)theShenzhou-20crewedspaceshipfromJiuquanSatelliteLaunchCenter.Threeastronautsweresentonasix-monthmissiontotheorbiting(繞軌道運(yùn)行)spacestation,Tiangong.ChinaistrainingnewastronautsincludingthosefromHK,Macaoandtheymaygotospacein2026.Moreover,Pakistan(巴基斯坦)willhavetwoastronautstrainedbyChina.TheseeffortsmarkakeystepinChina’sspaceexploration.1．WhywereNeilArmstrong’swordsfamous?A．Theywereeasytoremember. B．TheyweresaidontheMoon.C．Theymarkedabigmoment. D．Theyinspiredpeopletodream.2．Becauseofspacetechnology,humanscan________.①stopbadweather

②drinkcleanerwaterathome③sendlettersbypostfaster

④useGPSonphonestofindways⑤sleepbetteronmemory-foampillowsA．①②③ B．①②④ C．③④⑤ D．②④⑤3．Thebesttitleforthethirdpieceofnewswouldbe________.A．China’sBigStepinSpace B．AstronautsfromDifferentCountriesC．TiangongSpaceStation D．Shenzhou-20:TheFastestSpaceship4．Inwhichofthesectionscanwereadtheabovenews?A．Travel. B．Lifestyle. C．Technology. D．Sports.5．Whatdoestheabovenewsfocuson?A．Thelatestspacetechnology. B．Somefamousastronauts.C．Bigspaceachievements. D．Humans’spaceexploration.【答案】1．C2．D3．A4．C5．D【解析】本文主要介紹了人類太空探索相關(guān)內(nèi)容，包括早期太空旅行、太空技術(shù)在生活中的應(yīng)用以及中國航天的新進(jìn)展。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Onesmallstepforman,onegiantleapformankind”可知，個(gè)人的一小步，人類的一大步，這句話標(biāo)志了人類登月的重大歷史時(shí)刻。故選C。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“finddirectionswithGPS…Memoryfoam(記憶棉)inpillowsandmattresses(床墊)wasfirstdevelopedforastronauts’comfortduringspacemissions.Eventhewaterfilters(過濾器)inourhomesusedesignstestedinspacestations.”可知，由于太空技術(shù)，人類可以在家里喝更清潔的水、在手機(jī)上使用GPS尋找道路以及睡在記憶棉枕頭上睡得更好。故選D。3．最佳標(biāo)題題。通讀本段可知，核心內(nèi)容為：中國神舟20發(fā)射、空間站任務(wù)、培訓(xùn)國際宇航員（如巴基斯坦），所以重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)中國航天進(jìn)展。故選A。4．推理判斷題。全文主題圍繞太空探索和技術(shù)應(yīng)用，最可能出現(xiàn)在科技板塊。故選C。5．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，全文三段分別涵蓋早期太空旅行、太空技術(shù)在生活中的應(yīng)用以及中國航天的新進(jìn)展，所以主題應(yīng)為“人類的太空探索”最為全面。故選D。（三）（2025·湖北荊楚聯(lián)盟聯(lián)考·三模）Lastsummer,Itookpartinanunusualsummercampinthecountryside.Itwasn’tjustanordinarycamp—itwasaplacewheretechnologyandnaturecametogetherinanamazingway.Onthefirstday,thecampleaderintroducedustoanewtypeofsolar-poweredtent.Thistentwasequippedwithasmallsolarpanelonitsroof.Duringtheday,thepanelcollectedsunlightandconverteditintoelectricity.Atnight,thetentprovidedenoughlightforustoreadandplaygames.Iwasreallysurprisedbyhowconvenientitwas.Itdidn’trequireanybatteriesorconnectiontothepowergrid,makingitanenvironmentallyfriendlychoice.Oneday,wewentonanaturewalk.Ourguidecarriedaspecialequipmentcalledanairqualitymonitor.Thissmall,handheldequipmentcoulddetectvariouspollutantsintheair.Aswewalkedthroughdifferentareas,themonitorshowedreal-timedataonitsscreen.Wewereshockedtofindthattheairqualitynearabusyroadwasmuchworsethanthatintheforest.Thisequipmentnotonlymadeusrealizeenvironmentalproblemsbutalsoinspiredustothinkaboutwaystoprotecttheenvironment.Anotherday,welearnedaboutanewkindofwater-purifyingbottle.Itcouldturndirtywaterfromastreamintoclean,drinkablewater.Allthecampersgotachancetotestit.Wefilledthebottleswithwaterfromanearbystream.Afterafewminutesofshaking,thewaterbecameclear.Wedrankthepurifiedwater,andittastedgreat.Thisbottlewasarealgame-changer,especiallyforpeoplelivinginareaswherecleanwaterwashardtofind.Attheendofthecamp,Irealizedhowmuchtechnologycouldcontributetoourlives.Thesecreativetechnologiesnotonlymadeourcampingexperiencemorecomfortablebutalsohelpedusunderstandandprotecttheenvironmentbetter.Ileftthecampwithanewappreciationforscienceandtechnology.1．Whatwasspecialaboutthesolar-poweredtent?A．Itwasmadeofaspecialmaterial.B．Itcouldgenerateelectricityfromsunlight.C．Itwasverylargeandcouldholdmanypeople.D．Itcouldchangecolorsaccordingtotheweather.2．Whichmadethemrealizetheimportanceofenvironmentalprotection?A．Asmallsolarpanel. B．Awater-purifyingbottle.C．Theairqualitymonitor. D．Batteriesandconnection.3．Whichisthecorrectstructureofthistext?(①=Paragraph1)A． B． C． D．4．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Water-purifyingbottlesarenecessaryforcamping.B．Weshouldusemoresolar-poweredproductstosaveenergy.C．Campinginthecountrysideismorefunwithmoderntechnology.D．Technologycanmakeourlivesbetterandhelpwithenvironmentalprotection.5．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?A．AMemorableCampingExperience B．TheMagicofCreativeTechnologiesC．TheDevelopmentofCampingEquipment D．ProtectingtheE