汽車專業(yè)英語ENALISHCHAPTER2

StructureofEngine發(fā)動機結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)動機概述四沖程發(fā)動機工作原理曲軸連桿機構(gòu)、配氣機構(gòu)冷卻系統(tǒng)和潤滑系統(tǒng)?2-1OverviewofEngine2-2Four-StrokeEngineOperations2-3CrankshaftandConnectingRodMechanism，ValveTrain2-4CoolingSystemandLubricationSystem

2-1?OverviewofEngine發(fā)動機概述ENALISH1imingbelt正時帶2camshaft,camshaft凸輪軸3throttlebody節(jié)氣門體4sparkplug火花塞5ignitioncoil點火線圈6starter起動器，起動機7intakevalve進氣門8oilpan油底殼，機油盤9flywheel飛輪10intakemanifold進氣歧管11crankshaft日，crankshaft曲軸12connectingrod

連桿13piston活塞14waterjacket(冷卻系)水套15exhaustvalve排氣門16injector噴油器17timinggear正時齒輪本課新單詞body['b?di]n.機體；車身，（貨車）貨箱cam[k?m]n.凸輪，偏心輪camshaft[?k?m?ɑ?ft]n.凸輪軸connecting[k?'nekt??]v.連接cleaner[?kli?n?(r)]n.濾清器，清潔器crankshaft[?kr??k?ɑ?ft]n.曲軸diesel[?di?zl]n.柴油，柴油機distributor[d?'str?bj?t?(r)]n.分電器，分配器exhaust[?ɡ?z??st]n.排氣，廢氣v.排氣flywheel[?fla?wi?l]n.飛輪gasoline[?ɡ?s?li?n]n.汽油gear[ɡ??]n.齒輪；（變速器）檔head[hed]n.頭，頂，蓋adj.頭的，主要的，在頂端的injector[?n'd?ekt?(r)]n.噴油器intake[??nte?k]n.進氣，吸入；進口jacket[?d??k?t]n.（外，水，護）套oil[??l]n.潤滑油，（發(fā)動機）機油pan[p?n]n.盤，平底容器，（發(fā)動機）油底殼piston[?p?st?n]n.活塞rod[r?d]n.桿，棒，條spark[spɑ?k]n.火花；點火starter[?stɑ?t?(r)]n.起動機structure[?str?kt??(r)]n.結(jié)構(gòu)，構(gòu)造throttle[?θr?tl]n.節(jié)氣門，節(jié)流閥timing[?ta?m??]n.正時，定時；時間調(diào)節(jié)valve[v?lv]n.氣門water[?w??t?(r)]n.水Automobileengines,bothgasolineanddiesel,areinternalcombustionengineswhereair-fuelmixturecombustioncreatespressuretopowerthevehicle.Dieselengines,commoninheavy-dutytrucks,offersuperiorfuelefficiencyandemissionsonparwithgasolineengines.Gasolineenginesrelyonsparkignition,whiledieselenginesachieveignitionthroughhigh-pressureaircompression.Mostcarshavemorethanonecylinder(four,sixandeightcylindersarecommon).Inamulticylinderengine,thecylindersusuallyarearrangedinoneofthreeways:inline,Vorflat.Inaninlineengine,thecylindersarearrangedinalineinasinglebank.Theinlinearrangementisthesimplestandmostcommononeandhasmanyadvantages,suchasThecosttomanufactureandinstallisless.Becauseoftheseadvantages,BMWandalsomanyAmericancarmanufacturersliketousetheinlinecylinderengine.TheBasicEngine

汽車發(fā)動機，無論是汽油還是柴油，都是內(nèi)燃機，其中空氣燃料混合物的燃燒產(chǎn)生壓力來驅(qū)動車輛。柴油發(fā)動機，在重型貨車中很常見，提供了優(yōu)越的燃油效率，并且排放與汽油發(fā)動機相當。汽油發(fā)動機依靠火花點火，而柴油發(fā)動機通過高壓空氣壓縮實現(xiàn)點火。

大多數(shù)汽車有多個氣缸（常見的是四、六和八缸）。在多缸發(fā)動機中，氣缸通常有3種排列方式：直列、V形和水平對置。在直列發(fā)動機中，氣缸呈直線排列在一個氣缸體中。直列式是最簡單和最常見的方式，并且具有許多優(yōu)點，如制造和安裝的成本較低。由于這些優(yōu)點，寶馬公司和許多美國汽車制造商喜歡使用直列氣缸發(fā)動機。發(fā)動機基礎(chǔ)生詞短語注解advantage[?d'vɑ?nt?d?]n.優(yōu)點，優(yōu)勢arrange[??re?nd?]v.排列，安排arrangement[??re?nd?m?nt]n.排列，安排

flat[fl?t]adj.平坦的，平直的manufacture[?m?nj??f?kt??]n.制造power['pa??]n.功率，動力；電源，能量share[?e?]v.共享，分享1.單詞或詞組英漢連線connectingrodflywheelcrankshaftoilpanexhaustvalveinjectorcamshafttiminggearwaterjackettimingbelt排氣門連桿油底殼飛輪曲軸正時帶水套凸輪軸噴油器正時齒輪accordance[??k??d?ns]n.一致，和諧air-fuelmixture空氣-燃油混合氣all[??l]adj.全部的，所有的calculate[?k?lkj?le?t]v.計算，考慮consumption[k?n?s?mp??n]n.消耗量，消耗correct[k??rekt]v.修正adj.正確的，恰當?shù)膁eceleration[di??sel?'re???n]n.減速，減速度detect[d??tekt]v.探測，發(fā)現(xiàn)ensure[?n'???(r)]v.保證，擔保high-load高負荷，大負荷operatingconditions工作狀況，工況optimal[??pt?m?l]adj.最佳［優(yōu)］的order[???d?]n.次序，順序v.定購proper['pr?p?(r)]adj.適當?shù)?，正確的adv.完全地theoreticalair-fuelratio理論空燃比various['ve?r??s]adj.不同的，多樣的warm-up熱車，暖機，預(yù)熱2.英譯漢和漢譯英Translate

the

phrase

below

Figure

2-2.翻譯圖

2-2下面的詞組。1—cylinderhead

3—

活塞5—

連桿7—crankcase

9—

曲軸11—oilpan

13—

正時齒輪15—tappet

17—valvespring

19—

進氣門21—

火花塞2—cylinderblock

4—pistonpin

6—waterpump

8—

飛輪10—oilpipe

12—oilpump

14—

凸輪軸16—

節(jié)氣門體18—intakepipe

20—

排氣門3.

寫出2023年或2024年全球十大汽車公司中英文名稱例如：GM=GeneralMotorsCorporation（美）通用汽車公司4.拓展題查出2023年或2024年全球十大汽車公司官網(wǎng)網(wǎng)址例如：豐田官網(wǎng)/2-2Four-StrokeEngineOperations四沖程發(fā)動機工作原理ENALISHFigure

2-3

Four-Stroke

Engine

Operations

四沖程發(fā)動機工作原理a）intake(suction，induction)stroke進氣行程Theintakevalveisopenedwhiletheexhaustvalveisclosed.進氣門開啟而排氣門關(guān)閉。b）compressionstroke(travel)壓縮行程Boththeintakeandexhaustvalvesareclosed.進氣門和排氣門均關(guān)閉。c）Expansion(Power)stroke膨脹（做功）行程Boththeintakeandexhaustvalvesareclosed.進氣門和排氣門均關(guān)閉。d）exhauststroke排氣行程Theintakevalveisclosedwhiletheexhaustvalveisopened.進氣門關(guān)閉而排氣門開啟。air

and

fuel

空氣和燃油combustionchamber

燃燒室ExhaustValve（EV

）

排氣門IntakeValve（IV

）

進氣門piston

活塞spark

plug

火花塞本課新單詞both[b??θ]adj.兩者的，雙方的chamber['t?e?mb?]n.室，腔，燃燒室closed[kl??zd]adj.關(guān)閉的expansion[?k?sp?n?n]n.膨脹combustion[k?m?b?st??n]n.燃燒opened[???p?nd]adj.（打）開的induction[?n?d?k?n]n.（發(fā)動機）進氣，吸氣operation[??p??re??n]n.操作，運轉(zhuǎn)，工作stroke[str??k]n.行程，沖程suction[?s?k??n]n.吸入，吸氣，進氣travel[?tr?v(?)l]n.行程v.移動，行進while[wa?l]conj.而，與……同時n.（一段）時間work[w??k]n.工作v.運轉(zhuǎn)working[?w??k??]n.工作，做功Main

Terms

About

EnginesStrokereferstopistonmovement.Astrokeoccurswhenthepistonmovesfromoneextremepositiontotheotherextremepositioninsidetheenginecylinder.ThehighestpositionthatthepistonreachesinsidethecylinderiscalledTDC（TopDeadCenter）.Similarly,thelowestpositionthatthepistonreachesinsidethecylinderiscalledBDC（BottomDeadCenter）.SowecanalsosayastrokeispistonmovementfromTDCtoBDCorviceversa.Duringtheinductionstroke,thevolumeofair/fuelmixturesweptintothecylinderbythepiston;thisvolumeiscalledthesweptvolume.Duringthecompressionstroke,thesweptvolumeiscompressedintoasmallspaceabovethepiston.Andatthistime,thepistonreachesthetopofthecylinder.Thespaceiscalledtheclearancevolume.Theclearancevolumeandthesweptvolumedeterminethecompressionratio.閱讀材料閱讀材料發(fā)動機主要術(shù)語

行程是指活塞的運動?；钊跉飧桌飶囊活^運行到另一頭完成一次行程?；钊\行到的最高點叫上止點。同樣，活塞運行到的最低點叫下止點。因此我們也可以說一次行程就是活塞從上止點到下止點或從下止點到上止點的運行過程。在進氣行程中，活塞掃過的氣缸里燃油混合氣的容積叫作工作容積。在壓縮行程中，活塞到達上止點時，氣缸工作容積被壓縮為活塞頂面的一小個空間，這個容積稱為燃燒室容積。燃燒室容積和氣缸工作容積決定壓縮比。生詞短語注解call[k??l]v.稱作describe[d?'skra?b]v.描寫，敘述determine[d?'t??m?n]v.決定，確定extreme[?k'stri?m]adj.盡頭的，極端的highest[ha??st]adj.最高的（high的最高級）induction[?n?d?k?n]n.（發(fā)動機）進氣，吸氣lowest['l???st]adj.最低的（low的最高級）main[me?n]adj.主（要）的，總的mixture[?m?kst??]n.混合物move[mu?v]v.移動，運行movement[?mu?vm?nt]n.運動，運行occur[?'k??(r)]v.發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)performance[p??f??m?ns]n.性能，工作情況position[p??z??n]n.位置similarly[?s?m?l?li]adv.同樣地，類似于term[t??m]n.術(shù)語；期間clearancevolume余隙容積，（內(nèi)燃機）燃燒室容積from…to…從……到……referto提及，指的是sweptvolume（氣缸）工作容積，氣缸排量viceversa反之亦然1）TDC

3）sweptvolume

5）exhaust

7）clearancevolume

9）EV

練習(xí)題1.英譯漢2）BDC

4）compressionratio

6）stroke

8）intakevalveclosed

10）IV

gasolineenginecompressiontravelexhaustvalveintakevalvesweptvolumebottomdeadcenterpistontravelclearancevolumecompressionratio工作容積活塞行程下止點排氣門汽油機進氣門壓縮行程壓縮比燃燒室容積練習(xí)題2.英漢連線1

）氣缸工作容積

3）上止點

5）四沖程發(fā)動機

7）進氣門開啟

練習(xí)題3.漢譯英2）下止點

4）氣門關(guān)閉

6）燃燒室容積

8）活塞運動

練習(xí)題4.

寫出中國十大汽車公司中英文名稱（含合資公司）例如：上海大眾汽車有限公司ShanghaiVolkswagenAutomotiveCompany

2-3CrankshaftandConnectingRodMechanism，ValveTrain曲軸連桿機構(gòu)、配氣機構(gòu)ENALISH1crankshaftpulley曲軸帶輪2crankshafttimingbeltpulley曲軸正時帶輪3crankshaftsprocket曲軸鏈輪4crankshaft曲軸5crankshaftupperbearing曲軸上軸承6connectingrodtopbearing連桿上軸承7connectingrod連桿8，18connectingrodlowerbearing連桿下軸承9pistonpinretainingring活塞銷擋圈10pistonpin活塞銷11eRING,CMPRNUPR=compressionupperring第一道氣環(huán)，上壓縮環(huán)topcompressionring12ORING,CMPRNLWR=compresionlowerring第二道氣環(huán)，下壓縮環(huán)13oilring油環(huán)14piston活塞15connectingrodbolt連桿螺栓16flywheel飛輪17

ringofcrankshaftpositionsensor

曲軸位置傳感器圈19

connectingrodbearingcap

連桿軸承蓋20

connectingrodnut

連桿螺母21

crankshaftthrusthalfring

曲軸止推半環(huán)22

crankshaftlowerbearing

曲軸下軸承The

crankshaft

and

connecting

rod

mechanism

is

shown

in

Figure

2-4.本課新單詞（一）GM（GeneralMotorsCorporation）

（美）通用汽車公司bearing['be?r??]n.軸承，支承bolt[b??lt]n.螺栓corporation[?k??p??re??n]n.股份公司，公司general[?d?enr?l]adj.綜合的，通用的half-ring[hɑ?fr??]n.半環(huán)lower[?l???(r)]adj.下部的；低級的mechanism[?mek?n?z?m]n.機構(gòu)，機械nut[n?t]n.螺母retaining[r??te?n??]v.保持［留，有］，維［支］持ring[r??]n.圈，環(huán)（形物）thrust[θr?st]v.推，插入n.推力upper[??p?(r)]adj.上面的；高級的EngineConstructionModernenginesaredesignedtomeettheperformanceandfuelefficiencydemandsofthepublic.Mostaremadeoflightweight,nonironmaterials(forexample,aluminum,magnesium,fiber-reinforcedplastics),andwithfewerandsmallerfastenerstoholdthingstogether.Fewerfastenersaremadepossibleduetojointdesignsthatoptimizeloadingpatterns.Eachenginetypehasitsowndistinctpersonality,basedonconstructionmaterials,castingconfigurations,anddesign.閱讀材料發(fā)動機結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)代發(fā)動機的設(shè)計要適應(yīng)公眾對性能和燃油效率的要求。大多數(shù)用輕質(zhì)、無鐵材料（如鋁、鎂、纖維增強塑料）制造；并用較少、較小的緊固件進行組合。緊固件的減少在于對載荷進行優(yōu)化的連接設(shè)計。各類型發(fā)動機都有自己的特性，這種特性是基于材料結(jié)構(gòu)、鑄件結(jié)構(gòu)及設(shè)計的。1crankshafttimingpulley曲軸正時帶輪2timingbelt正時帶oothedtimingbelt正時齒帶3waterpumptoothedbeltpulley水泵齒帶輪4tensionerpulley張緊(帶)輪5camshafttimingpulley凸輪軸正時帶輪6camshaftseal凸輪軸油封7woodruffkey半圓鍵8camshaft(CM/SHF)凸輪軸9tappet挺柱valvelifter(LIFTER,VLV)氣門液壓挺柱10valvekey(KEY,VLVSTEM)氣門鎖片11valvespringseat氣門彈簧座springretainer氣門彈簧保持器valvespring氣門彈簧13valvestemseal(SEAL,VLVSTEMOIL)氣門油封14valveguide(GUIDE,VLV)氣門導(dǎo)管15、16valveseatring氣門座圈17exhaustvalve(EXHVLV)排氣門18intakevalve進氣門ThevalvetrainsystemisshowninFigure2-5.本課新單詞（二）guide[ɡa?d]n.導(dǎo)管key[ki?]n.鍵，（氣門）鎖片lifter['l?ft?(r)]n.挺柱retainer[r??te?n?(r)]n.保持［定位，夾持］器，保持架seat[si?t]n.座；座椅，座位stem[stem]n.桿tappet['t?p?t]n.挺柱woodruffkey半圓鍵練習(xí)題1.英譯漢1）IV

3）thrustbearing

5）gasolineengine

7）timingbelt

9）upperbearing

2）EV

4）crankshaft#1bearingcap

6）exhaust-gasrecirculation

8）KEY,VLVSTEM

10）enginecomponents

練習(xí)題2.英譯漢a），b），c），d）：overheadvalves(OHV)

b），c），d）：overheadcamshaft(OHC)

b），c）：singleoverheadcamshaft(SOHC)

d）：doubleoverheadcamshaft(DOHC)

1）止推半環(huán)

3）傳感器

5）曲柄角

7）凸輪軸

9）油道

練習(xí)題3.漢譯英2）活塞沖程

4）燃燒室

6）軸承蓋

8）氣門彈簧

10）曲軸位置傳感器

2-4CoolingSystemandLubricationSystem冷卻系統(tǒng)和潤滑系統(tǒng)ENALISH

liquidcoolingsystem液冷系統(tǒng)

overheatsteam過熱蒸氣

fromheater來自取暖器（加熱器）1shield護罩2crossflowradiator橫流式散熱器3electricfan電風(fēng)扇4beltpulley帶輪5waterpump，coolantpump水泵6cylinderblockjacket氣缸體水套7waterpassageofcylinderhead氣缸蓋水道8jacketbleedinghose水套排氣軟管9throttlehothose節(jié)流熱管10reservoirtankhose膨脹箱軟管11expansiontank,reservoirtank一膨脹箱12reservoirtankcap膨脹箱蓋13outlethose出水軟管14radiatorbleedinghose散熱器排氣軟管15inlethose進水軟管16thermalswitchofelectricfan電風(fēng)扇溫控開關(guān)ThecoolingsystemisshowninFigure2-7.cooling['ku?l??]n.冷卻adj.冷卻的electric[??lektr?k]adj.電［動］的expansion[?k?sp?n?n]n.膨脹fan[f?n]n.風(fēng)扇flow[fl??]n.流（動）；流量v.流動heater[?hi?t?(r)]n.加熱器，取暖器hose[h??z]n.軟管inlet[??nlet]n.進口，入口v.進入［氣，油，液］liquid[?l?kw?d]n.液體本課新單詞outlet[?a?tlet]n.出口，排出口，排氣口v.排出［氣，油，液］，輸出overheat[???v??hi?t]n.過熱passage[?p?s?d?]n.通道，通路radiator[?re?die?t?(r)]n.散熱器，（俗稱）水箱reservoir[?rez?vwɑ?(r)]n.儲液器［容器］shield[?i?ld]n.護板［罩］，防護物steam[sti?m]n.蒸氣switch[sw?t?]n.開關(guān)thermal[?θ??ml]adj.熱（量）的，由于熱的EngineLubricationSystemTheenginehasmanymovingparts.Thepurposeofthelubricationsystemistosupplylubricanttoallthemovingpartsoftheengine.Atthesametime,thesystemseparatestheirsurfaces,reducesfriction,andactasacoolantanddetergent.Thelubricationsystemincludesthefollowingparts:theoilpan,oilpump,mainoilgalleries,oilfilters,oilpressurereliefvalves,oilcoolerandoilsensors.Thepurposeoftheoilpanistoholdtheexcessoilduringoperationandnon-runningconditions.Theoilpumpdeliversanadequatevolumeofoilaroundtheengineatasuitablepressure.Theoilpumpoperatesallthetimewhentheengineisrunning.Theoilfilterisusedtofilterandcleanthedirtparticlesgettingintotheoilwhentheengineruns.Apressureregulatorvalveisusedtokeepthepressurewithintheoilsystemataconstantmaximumvalue.Theoilcoolerhelpstokeeptheoilcool.Oilpressuresensorsareusedtoindicatetheright