2025年高考英語電工真題及答案

一、單項選擇題（每題2分，共10題）1.Atransformerisusedtochangethevoltageofalternatingcurrent.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect?A.Astep-uptransformerincreasesthevoltageanddecreasesthecurrent.B.Astep-downtransformerincreasesthevoltageanddecreasesthecurrent.C.Atransformerworksefficientlyonlywithdirectcurrent.D.Theefficiencyofatransformerdependsonthefrequencyofthealternatingcurrent.Answer:A2.Whichofthefollowingisacharacteristicofaseriescircuit?A.Thecurrentisthesamethroughallcomponents.B.Thevoltageisthesameacrossallcomponents.C.Thetotalresistanceisthesumofindividualresistances.D.Thepowerdissipationisthesameforallcomponents.Answer:C3.Anelectricmotorconvertselectricalenergyintomechanicalenergy.Whichofthefollowingistheprinciplebehindtheoperationofasimpleelectricmotor?A.Chemicalreactioninabattery.B.Magneticfieldinteractionbetweenstatorandrotor.C.Heatgeneratedbyresistanceinwires.D.Capacitordischarge.Answer:B4.Whichofthefollowingisameasureoftheamountofelectricchargepassingapointinacircuitperunittime?A.VoltageB.CurrentC.ResistanceD.PowerAnswer:B5.Inaparallelcircuit,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Thetotalcurrentisthesumofthecurrentsthrougheachbranch.B.Thetotalvoltageisthesumofthevoltagesacrosseachbranch.C.Thetotalresistanceislessthanthesmallestbranchresistance.D.Thecurrentthrougheachbranchisthesame.Answer:A6.Whichofthefollowingisaunitofelectricalpower?A.AmpereB.VoltC.OhmD.WattAnswer:D7.Acapacitorstoresenergyinanelectricfield.Whichofthefollowingfactorsaffectsthecapacitanceofacapacitor?A.TheareaoftheplatesB.ThedistancebetweentheplatesC.ThedielectricmaterialbetweentheplatesD.AlloftheaboveAnswer:D8.Whichofthefollowingisasafetydeviceusedtoprotectelectricalcircuitsfromovercurrent?A.FuseB.RelayC.TransformerD.CapacitorAnswer:A9.TheSIunitofelectricchargeisthe:A.VoltB.AmpereC.CoulombD.OhmAnswer:C10.Whichofthefollowingisatypeofrenewableenergysource?A.CoalB.NaturalgasC.SolarD.NuclearAnswer:C二、多項選擇題（每題2分，共10題）1.Whichofthefollowingarecomponentsofanelectriccircuit?A.ConductorsB.InsulatorsC.ResistorsD.CapacitorsAnswer:A,B,C,D2.Whatarethebasictypesofelectricalcircuits?A.SeriescircuitB.ParallelcircuitC.Series-parallelcircuitD.OpencircuitAnswer:A,B,C,D3.Whichofthefollowingareeffectsofelectriccurrent?A.HeatgenerationB.MagneticfieldproductionC.LightemissionD.ChemicalreactionAnswer:A,B,C,D4.Whatarethefactorsthataffecttheresistanceofaconductor?A.LengthoftheconductorB.Cross-sectionalareaoftheconductorC.MaterialoftheconductorD.TemperatureAnswer:A,B,C,D5.Whichofthefollowingaretypesoftransformers?A.Step-uptransformerB.Step-downtransformerC.IsolationtransformerD.AutotransformerAnswer:A,B,C,D6.Whatarethefunctionsofacapacitorinanelectricalcircuit?A.StoringenergyB.FilteringC.CouplingD.DecouplingAnswer:A,B,C,D7.Whichofthefollowingaresafetymeasuresinelectricalwork?A.GroundingB.UseoffusesC.UseofcircuitbreakersD.ProperinsulationAnswer:A,B,C,D8.Whatarethepropertiesofanidealvoltagesource?A.InfiniteinternalresistanceB.ZerointernalresistanceC.ConstantvoltageoutputD.VariablevoltageoutputAnswer:A,C9.Whichofthefollowingareapplicationsofelectricmotors?A.FansB.WashingmachinesC.ElectricvehiclesD.IndustrialmachineryAnswer:A,B,C,D10.Whatarethetypesofrenewableenergysources?A.SolarB.WindC.HydroelectricD.GeothermalAnswer:A,B,C,D三、判斷題（每題2分，共10題）1.Atransformercanchangedirectcurrent(DC)voltage.Answer:False2.Inaseriescircuit,thetotalvoltageisthesumofthevoltagesacrosseachcomponent.Answer:False3.Aresistorisacomponentthatresiststheflowofelectriccurrent.Answer:True4.Acapacitorcanstoremoreenergyifthedistancebetweenitsplatesisincreased.Answer:False5.Anelectricmotorconvertsmechanicalenergyintoelectricalenergy.Answer:False6.Aparallelcircuithasthesamecurrentthroughallcomponents.Answer:False7.Afuseisusedtoprotectelectricalcircuitsfromovercurrent.Answer:True8.TheSIunitofelectricresistanceistheohm.Answer:True9.Solarenergyisanon-renewableenergysource.Answer:False10.Anelectricgeneratorconvertsmechanicalenergyintoelectricalenergy.Answer:True四、簡答題（每題5分，共4題）1.Explaintheprincipleofoperationofatransformer.Answer:Atransformeroperatesontheprincipleofelectromagneticinduction.Itconsistsoftwocoils,theprimaryandthesecondary,woundaroundacommonironcore.Whenanalternatingcurrent(AC)flowsthroughtheprimarycoil,itcreatesavaryingmagneticfieldinthecore.Thisvaryingmagneticfieldinducesavoltageinthesecondarycoilthroughmutualinduction.Thevoltageinducedinthesecondarycoildependsontheratioofthenumberofturnsintheprimarycoiltothenumberofturnsinthesecondarycoil.Ifthesecondarycoilhasmoreturnsthantheprimary,thetransformerisastep-uptransformer,increasingthevoltage.Ifthesecondarycoilhasfewerturnsthantheprimary,itisastep-downtransformer,decreasingthevoltage.2.Describethefunctionofacapacitorinanelectricalcircuit.Answer:Acapacitorstoresenergyinanelectricfield.Itconsistsoftwoconductiveplatesseparatedbyaninsulatingmaterialcalledadielectric.Whenavoltageisappliedacrosstheplates,anelectricfieldiscreated,andthecapacitorstoresenergy.Capacitorsareusedinvariousapplications,suchasfilteringoutnoiseincircuits,couplingsignalsbetweenstages,anddecouplingpowersuppliestostabilizevoltage.Theycanalsobeusedtostoreenergyforshortperiods,suchasincameraflashcircuits.3.Explainthedifferencebetweenaseriescircuitandaparallelcircuit.Answer:Inaseriescircuit,allcomponentsareconnectedend-to-end,formingasinglepathforthecurrenttoflow.Thecurrentisthesamethroughallcomponents,andthetotalvoltageisthesumofthevoltagesacrosseachcomponent.Thetotalresistanceinaseriescircuitisthesumoftheindividualresistances.Incontrast,aparallelcircuithasmultiplepathsforthecurrenttoflow.Thevoltageacrosseachbranchisthesame,andthetotalcurrentisthesumofthecurrentsthrougheachbranch.Thetotalresistanceinaparallelcircuitislessthanthesmallestbranchresistance.4.Discusstheimportanceofgroundinginelectricalsystems.Answer:Groundingisacrucialsafetymeasureinelectricalsystems.Itprovidesapathforfaultcurrentstoflowtotheground,whichhelpstopreventelectricalshockanddamagetoequipment.Groundingalsostabilizesthevoltagelevelsinacircuitbyprovidingareferencepoint.Incaseofashortcircuitorotherelectricalfaults,groundingcanhelptotripcircuitbreakersorblowfuses,interruptingtheflowofcurrentandpreventingpotentialhazards.Additionally,groundingcanprotectsensitiveelectronicequipmentfromvoltagesurgesandtransients.五、討論題（每題5分，共4題）1.Discusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofusingrenewableenergysources.Answer:Renewableenergysources,suchassolar,wind,hydroelectric,andgeothermalenergy,offerseveraladvantages.Theyaresustainable,meaningtheydonotdepletefiniteresources,andtheyproducelittletonogreenhousegasemissions,helpingtocombatclimatechange.Renewableenergysourcescanalsoreducedependenceonimportedfossilfuels,enhancingenergysecurity.However,therearealsodisadvantages.Renewableenergysourcescanbeintermittentandunpredictable,suchassolarandwindpower,whichdependonweatherconditions.Theyoftenrequiresignificantlanduseandcanbeexpensivetoinstallandmaintain.Additionally,theinfrastructureforrenewableenergyintegrationcanbechallengingtodevelopandimplement.2.Explainhowanelectricmotorworksanddiscussitsapplications.Answer:Anelectricmotorconvertselectricalenergyintomechanicalenergy.Itoperatesontheprincipleofmagneticfieldinteractionbetweenarotatingarmatureandastationaryfield.Whenanelectriccurrentflowsthroughthearmaturewindings,itcreatesamagneticfield,whichinteractswiththemagneticfieldofthestator(usuallyproducedbypermanentmagnetsorelectromagneticcoils).Thisinteractiongeneratesatorque,causingthearmaturetorotate.Electricmotorsareusedinawiderangeofapplications,includingfans,washingmachines,electricvehicles,andindustrialmachinery.Theyarevaluedfortheirefficiency,reliability,andabilitytoprovideprecisecontroloverspeedandtorque.3.Discusstheroleoftransformersinpowerdistributionsystems.Answer:Transformersplayacriticalroleinpowerdistributionsystemsbysteppingupandsteppingdownvoltagestoefficientlytransmitanddistributeelectricalpower.Highvoltagesareusedforlong-distancepowertransmissiontominimizeenergylossesduetoresistanceinthetransmissionlines.Transformersatpowerplantsstepupthevoltagefortransmission.Asthepowerreachesitsdestination,transformersstepdownthevoltagetosafer,usablelevelsforresidential,commercial,andi