2025年中石油高級(jí)職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試練習(xí)題+答案一、詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)（共20題，每題1分，滿(mǎn)分20分）1.Thegeochemicalsurveyindicatesthatthekerogeninthisshaleintervalhasreachedthe______stage,makingitaprimetargetforhorizontaldrilling.A.diagenetic??B.catagenetic??C.metagenetic??D.eogenetic答案：B。干酪根成熟度進(jìn)入“生油窗”對(duì)應(yīng)catagenetic階段。2.Owingtotheultradeepreservoirpressureexceeding15,000psi,a______blowoutpreventerstackwasmandatory.A.ramtype??B.annular??C.hybrid??D.subsea答案：C。超高壓井需混合式（hybrid）防噴器組以兼顧剪切與密封。3.ThenewHSEdirectiveprohibitspersonnelfromenteringthe______zoneunlesstheH?Sconcentrationisbelow10ppm.A.red??B.yellow??C.green??D.orange答案：A。紅色區(qū)域?yàn)镠?S濃度≥10ppm的高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū)。4.Aftertheacidizingtreatment,theskinfactordroppedfrom+18to?2.5,implyingasuccessful______ofthenearwellboreregion.A.stimulation??B.consolidation??C.gravelpacking??D.cementing答案：A。負(fù)表皮系數(shù)表明地層受到有效增產(chǎn)改造。5.The3Dseismicvolumewasprocessedusing______migrationtohandletheseverelateralvelocityvariationsbeneaththesaltcanopy.A.Kirchhoff??B.reversetime??C.finitedifference??D.phaseshift答案：B。鹽下劇烈橫向變速需逆時(shí)偏移保持成像精度。6.Theterm“______”referstothephenomenonwherethedrillingfluidlossescirculationintonaturalfractureswiderthan1,000μm.A.seepage??B.partial??C.catastrophic??D.ballooning答案：C。裂縫寬度>1mm時(shí)的全漏失稱(chēng)為catastrophicloss。7.Thecontractclausestipulatesthatany______discoveredwithin500moftheplannedwellheadshalltriggerafullenvironmentalimpactreassessment.A.groundwatertable??B.hydrocarbonseep??C.endangeredspecieshabitat??D.paleontologicalsite答案：C。瀕危物種棲息地觸發(fā)環(huán)評(píng)重啟。8.Theproducedwaterreinjectionschememustcomplywiththe______standardforoilinwatercontent.A.ISO15590??B.OSPAR2001/1??C.APIRP45??D.NACETM0173答案：B。北海排放執(zhí)行OSPAR2001/1（≤30mg/L）。9.The______logismostsensitivetothepresenceofpotassiumbearingfeldspar,thusaidingintheidentificationofarkosicsandstones.A.spectralgammaray??B.resistivity??C.neutron??D.sonic答案：A。能譜伽馬可區(qū)分鉀長(zhǎng)石與放射性泥質(zhì)。10.Thegastooilratio(GOR)ofthefluidsamplecollectedat4,200mTVDwas2,850scf/stb,classifyingthereservoirasa______reservoir.A.volatileoil??B.blackoil??C.gascondensate??D.drygas答案：A。GOR2000–3300scf/stb屬揮發(fā)性油藏。11.The______valveisautomaticallytriggeredbyasurfacesignalsentviathehydrauliccontrollineratedto10,000psi.A.SCSSV??B.SSD??C.DHSV??D.GLV答案：A。地面控制井下安全閥（SCSSV）由液壓線(xiàn)驅(qū)動(dòng)。12.Theacronym“MAASP”standsforthe______pressurethatmustneverbeexceededwhiledrilling.A.maximumallowableannularsurface??B.minimumacceptableatmosphericstatic??C.measuredaxialannularstress??D.maximumallowableannularshutin答案：A。MAASP為最大允許環(huán)空表面壓力。13.The______factorisdefinedastheratioofcumulativegasinjectiontotheproductofbulkvolumeandporosity.A.storage??B.sweep??C.volumetric??D.heterogeneity答案：A。儲(chǔ)氣庫(kù)存儲(chǔ)因子定義如上。14.Thenewdigitaltwinplatformintegrates______algorithmstopredictESPrunlifewithina5%errormargin.A.MonteCarlo??B.genetic??C.gradientboosting??D.antcolony答案：C。梯度提升樹(shù)算法在壽命預(yù)測(cè)中精度最高。15.The______curveontheHornerplotisextrapolatedtoestimatetheoriginalreservoirpressure.A.earlytime??B.middletime??C.latetime??D.unitslope答案：C。晚期徑向流直線(xiàn)外推得原始地層壓力。16.The______testmeasuresthetendencyofpipelinesteeltocrackundercombinedstressandhighpHenvironment.A.SSC??B.HIC??C.SOHIC??D.SCC答案：D。應(yīng)力腐蝕開(kāi)裂（SCC）試驗(yàn)用于高pH環(huán)境。17.The______unitofarefineryisprimarilyresponsibleforconvertingheavyvacuumresidueintolighterproductsviahydrogenaddition.A.FCC??B.delayedcoker??C.hydrocracker??D.visbreaker答案：C。加氫裂化裝置通過(guò)加氫裂解重渣油。18.The______agreementallowsamultinationalcompanytobookprovenreserveseventhoughthehoststateretainslegaltitle.A.concession??B.productionsharing??C.service??D.jointventure答案：B。產(chǎn)品分成合同下可確認(rèn)儲(chǔ)量。19.The______indexisusedtoranktheeconomicattractivenessofupstreamprojectsunderpricevolatility.A.payback??B.profitability??C.Sharpe??D.breakeven答案：B。盈利指數(shù)（PI）綜合考量?jī)r(jià)格風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。20.The______methodispreferredforestimatingCO?storagecapacityinsalineaquifersbecauseitaccountsforresidualtrapping.A.volumetric??B.dynamic??C.analytical??D.capacityefficiency答案：D。容量—效率法引入殘余氣飽和度。二、完形填空（共15空，每空1分，滿(mǎn)分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。The2024discoveryintheQaidamBasinonceagainunderscoredthetechnicalfrontierofonshoreultradeepdrilling.Initialseismicamplitude21______failedtoilluminatethetightdolomitetargetat7,800mbecauseofastrongoverlyingigneouslayer.Geoscientiststhenappliedfullwaveforminversion(FWI)drivenbya22______acquisitiongeometrywith12,000channels,whichsucceededinreducingthevelocityuncertaintyto±1.5%.Asubsequentwell,DK9,wasspudwitha23______mudsystemformulatedwith18%NaCland4%formatetoachievea2.35gcm?3densitywhilemaintaininglowrheology.WhiledrillingthroughtheEoceneshalesection,a24______kickwasrecorded:8bblgainin3minwitha1.4ppgdropinmudweight.Therigcrewimmediatelyshutinthewell;theshutindrillpipepressurestabilizedat1,050psi,indicatinga25______gasinflux.AftercirculatingoutthekickusingtheWait&Weightmethod,a26______loggingrunwasconducted,revealinga12mpayzonewith4%porosityand0.08mDpermeability.Becauseofthemarginalmatrixpermeability,a27______stimulationstrategycombiningsupercriticalCO?fracturingand40/70meshceramicproppantwasdesigned.Microseismicmappingshoweda28______fracturehalflengthof180mwithacomplexnetwork.Postfraccleanuplasted14days,afterwhichthewellflowed29______bopdof42°APIoilwithzeroH?S.Thefielddevelopmentplannow30______32lateralsfromsixmultiwellpads,targetinga1,200mhorizontalsectionwith70mclusterspacing.Economically,theproject31______abreakevenoilpriceofUSD47/bblata10%discountrate,assuminga15%learningcurvecostreduction.To32______theenvironmentalfootprint,allproducedwaterwillbetreatedthroughathreestageevaporatorandreinjectedintoadeepaquifer2,500m33______thedeepestpotablehorizon.Finally,arealtime34______surveillancesystemusingdistributedacousticsensing(DAS)fiberbehindcasingwillmonitorforanycasingdeformationorflowintegrityissues,35______theoperatortointerveneproactively.21.A.anomalies??B.attributes??C.inversions??D.stacks答案：B。振幅屬性最初未能成像。22.A.narrowazimuth??B.wideazimuth??C.multicomponent??D.singlesensor答案：B。寬方位角采集提升照明度。23.A.oilbased??B.waterbased??C.syntheticbased??D.brinepolymer答案：B。鹽水聚合物體系兼顧密度與流變。24.A.saltwater??B.gas??C.oil??D.lostcirculation答案：B。8桶/3分鐘為典型氣侵。25.A.18bbl??B.28bbl??C.38bbl??D.48bbl答案：B。用壓井公式反算得28bbl。26.A.LWD??B.MWD??C.wireline??D.memory答案：C。壓井后需電纜測(cè)井評(píng)價(jià)。27.A.hybrid??B.slickwater??C.gelled??D.acid答案：A。超臨界CO?+陶粒屬混合壓裂。28.A.effective??B.created??C.propped??D.dynamic答案：A。有效縫半長(zhǎng)180m。29.A.1,240??B.1,440??C.1,640??D.1,840答案：B。測(cè)試日產(chǎn)1,440桶。30.A.envisions??B.revises??C.suspends??D.cancels答案：A。方案擬布32口水平井。31.A.yields??B.inflates??C.defers??D.masks答案：A。經(jīng)濟(jì)評(píng)價(jià)得出47美元盈虧。32.A.augment??B.quantify??C.mitigate??D.obscure答案：C。減緩環(huán)境足跡。33.A.below??B.above??C.within??D.adjacent答案：A。注入層位于最深層淡水層之下。34.A.seismic??B.chemical??C.thermal??D.flowrelated答案：D。DAS監(jiān)測(cè)流動(dòng)完整性。35.A.enabling??B.deterring??C.coercing??D.discouraging答案：A。實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)使主動(dòng)干預(yù)成為可能。三、閱讀理解（共4篇，每篇5題，每題2分，滿(mǎn)分40分）Passage1Thedeploymentofautonomousdownholerobotsforcasinginspectionisnolongerconfinedtopilotprojects.Arecentjointindustryprogramme(JIP)ledbyamajorNOCvalidateda2.8m,45kguntetheredrobotequippedwithelectromagneticacoustictransducers(EMATs)capableofquantifyingwalllosswithin±0.05mm.Therobotnavigatesusinginchwormpropulsiondrivenbypiezoelectricactuatorsratedto150°Cand15,000psi.Fieldtrialsina9?in.53.5lb/ftcasingstringshowedthattherobotcompleteda1,200minspectionrunin38minutes—anorderofmagnitudefasterthanconventionalmultifingercalipertools.Dataweretelemeteredviahighfrequencypressurepulsesat20bitss?1,eliminatingtheneedforanumbilical.ABayesianclassifierprocessedtherawEMATsignalsinrealtimetodiscriminatebetweeninternalcorrosion,externalwear,andaxialcrackingwith94%accuracy.Theeconomicanalysisindicatesa42%costreductioncomparedtorigdeployedlogging,primarilybyavoidingdeferredproduction.TheJIPnowplanstoextendtherobot’sreachto3,000mbyupgradingthelithiumthionylchloridebatterypackfrom400Whto1kWh.36.Whatdrivestherobot’slocomotion?A.DCmotor?B.Piezoelectricactuator?C.Hydraulicturbine?D.Permanentmagnet答案：B。37.Whichtelemetrymethodisused?A.Acousticwave?B.Electromagneticwave?C.Pressurepulse?D.Opticalfiber答案：C。38.TheBayesianclassifierachievesanaccuracyofA.84%?B.90%?C.94%?D.98%答案：C。39.TheprimarycostsavingcomesfromA.lowertoolprice?B.fasterrigmove?C.avoideddeferredproduction?D.reducedcrewsize答案：C。40.ThenexttargetinspectionrangeisA.1,500m?B.2,000m?C.2,500m?D.3,000m答案：D。Passage2Carbonatereservoirswithlowmatrixpermeabilityoftendependonfracturenetworksforcommercialflow.Acommondilemmaishowtoquantifyfractureintensityintheinterwellvolume.Traditionalboreholeimagelogsprovideonlya1Dsample,whileseismiccurvatureattributeslackresolutionbelow20m.Anovelapproachcombinesfullazimuthseismicdiffractionimagingwithunsupervisedmachinelearning.Diffractionenergy,usuallydiscardedduringconventionalprocessing,issensitivetodiscontinuitiessuchasfracturesandkarst.Byapplyingagenerativeadversarialnetwork(GAN)trainedon3Doutcroplidarscans,thealgorithmconvertsdiffractionvolumesinto3Dfractureintensitycubeswith5mverticalresolution.Validationagainst12coredwellsintheZagrosBasinshowedaPearsoncorrelationof0.82betweenpredictedintensityandfracturedensitymeasuredonboreholeimages.Thetechnologyhassincebeenadoptedtooptimizetheplacementof18horizontalwells,resultingina28%increaseininitialproductionratescomparedwithwellsplacedusingcurvaturealone.41.Whatisthemainlimitationofcurvatureattributes?A.Verticalresolution>20m?B.Azimuthalbias?C.Frequencydispersion?D.Cost答案：A。42.WhichdatasettrainstheGAN?A.Seismicamplitude?B.Outcroplidar?C.CoreCTscan?D.Microseismic答案：B。43.ThecorrelationcoefficientachievedisA.0.72?B.0.82?C.0.92?D.0.98答案：B。44.The28%upliftrelatestoA.reservesbooking?B.initialrate?C.ultimaterecovery?D.watercut答案：B。45.DiffractionenergyisnormallyA.amplified?B.preserved?C.discarded?D.phaseshifted答案：C。Passage3Liquefiednaturalgas(LNG)contractsareundergoingaparadigmshiftfromlongterm,oilindexedagreementstoshortterm,destinationflexibledeals.Arecentstudyof480SPAs(saleandpurchaseagreements)signedbetween2015and2024revealsthattheaveragecontractlengthfellfrom18to8years,whiletheprevalenceofHenryHublinkedpricingrosefrom6%to37%.ThistransitionintroducesnewvolatilityexposuresforbuyersinAsiawhohistoricallyreliedonstableoillinkedslopes.Tohedge,tradersincreasinglyadoptportfoliooptimizationmodelsthatincorporateJKM(JapanKoreaMarker)futures,TTFswaps,andshippingrouteoptions.Astochasticprogrammingframeworktestedona10mtpaportfolioshowedthatadding15%JKMfuturesreducescashflowatrisk(CFaR)by22%withoutmateriallyerodingexpectedmargins.However,liquidityconstraintsinthefardatedJKMcurvebeyond24monthsremainabottleneck.RegulatoryauthoritiesinSouthKoreaandJapanarerespondingbymandatingexchangebasedclearingforOTCLNGderivativesstartingin2026,aimingtoimprovetransparencyandreducesystemicrisk.46.Whatwastheaveragecontractlengthin2015?A.8yr?B.12yr?C.18yr?D.20yr答案：C。47.Whichbenchmarkgainedthemostshare?A.Brent?B.HenryHub?C.TTF?D.Dubai答案：B。48.The22%reductionreferstoA.volumerisk?B.CFaR?C.shippingcost?D.slope答案：B。49.LiquidityislimitedbeyondA.6mo?B.12mo?C.18mo?D.24mo答案：D。50.ClearingmandatesstartinA.2024?B.2025?C.2026?D.2027答案：C。Passage4Theconceptof“netzeroflaring”by2030hasgainedtractionamongMiddleEastproducers.Oneoperatorpledgedtoeliminateroutineflaringthroughathreeprongedstrategy:(1)gasreinjectionforpressuremaintenance,(2)smallscalemodularLNG(ssLNG)trainsof0.5–1mtpa,and(3)onsitepowergenerationusingleanburngasturbines.ApilotssLNGplantinsouthernIraqprocesses90MMscfdofassociatedgasinto0.7mtpaofLNGand65MWofelectricity.Cryogenicheatexchangeisachievedusingnitrogenexpandercyclesratherthanmixedrefrigerants,simplifyingmaintenanceinadesertclimate.TheLNGistrucked600kmtoacoastalexportterminal,avoidingtheneedforagreenfieldpipeline.Lifecycleassessmentshows12%lowerCO?equivalentemissionscomparedwithflaring,primarilyduetoavoidedmethaneslip.TheprojectIRRreaches14%atUSD65/bbloilandUSD8/MMBtuLNG,contingentoncarboncreditrevenuesunderArticle6.4oftheParisAgreement.Theoperatornowplanstoreplicatethemodelatfiveadditionalfieldswithacombinedflaringvolumeof350MMscfd.51.WhatisthecapacityofthepilotssLNGtrain?A.0.3mtpa?B.0.5mtpa?C.0.7mtpa?D.1.0mtpa答案：C。52.Whichcycleisusedforliquefaction?A.Mixedrefrigerant?B.Nitrogenexpander?C.Cascade?D.Brayton答案：B。53.TransportmodetothecoastisA.pipeline?B.rail?C.truck?D.barge答案：C。54.IRRsensitivityassumesLNGpriceatA.6?B.7?C.8?D.9USD/MMBtu答案：C。55.EmissionreductionversusflaringisA.8%?B.10%?C.12%?D.15%答案：C。四、翻譯（英譯漢，共2段，每段10分，滿(mǎn)分20分）56.TheadventofhightemperaturesupercriticalCO?drillingfluidheraldsaparadigmshiftingeothermalandhighpressurehightemperature(HPHT)hydrocarbonprospects.Unlikewaterbasedmuds,supercriticalCO?exhibitsextremelylowviscosity(0.02–0.05cP),negligiblecapillaryforce,andhighexpansioncoefficient,therebyminimizingformationdamageanddifferentialsticking.Moreover,theJouleThomsoncoolingeffectatthebitfacecanreducebottomholetemperatureby15–25°C,extendingdownholeelectronicslife.FieldtrialsintheTaqTaqfielddemonstrateda37%increaseinrateofpenetration(ROP)anda60%reductionintorquefluctuationscomparedwithoilbasedmud.Theenvironmentalfootprintisalsocurtailed:CO?capturedfromanearbyfertilizerplantissequesteredintheshalematrixafterfracturing,creatinganegativeemissiondrillingloop.However,challengesremainincuttingstransportatinclinationsabove65°duetothelowcarryingcapacity;hybridizationwith5–8%nitrogenfoamiscurrentlybeingevaluatedtoliftcuttingsefficientlywhilemaintainingunderbalancedconditions.答案：高溫超臨界CO?鉆井液的出現(xiàn)，標(biāo)志著地?zé)崤c高壓高溫（HPHT）油氣勘探領(lǐng)域的一次范式轉(zhuǎn)變。與水基泥漿不同，超臨界CO?具有極低黏度（0.02–0.05cP）、可忽略的毛細(xì)管力和高膨脹系數(shù)，從而最大限度減少地層傷害與壓差卡鉆。此外，鉆頭處的焦耳湯姆遜冷卻效應(yīng)可使井底溫度降低15–25°C，延長(zhǎng)井下電子元件壽命。在塔卡油田的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)顯示，與油基泥漿相比，機(jī)械鉆速提高37%，扭矩波動(dòng)降低60%。環(huán)境足跡亦顯著縮?。簛?lái)自附近化肥廠(chǎng)捕集的CO?在壓裂后被封存于頁(yè)巖基質(zhì)中，形成負(fù)排放鉆井循環(huán)。然而，當(dāng)井斜超過(guò)65°時(shí)，由于攜巖能力低，巖屑上返仍存挑戰(zhàn)；目前正評(píng)估與5–8%氮?dú)馀菽旌?，以在保持欠平衡的同時(shí)高效攜巖。57.UnderthenewIFRS9provisioningmodel,explorationandproduction(E&P)firmsmustrecognizeexpectedcreditlosses(ECL)ontradereceivablesovera12monthorlifetimehorizon.Fornationaloilcompanies(NOCs)sellingtodomesticrefinerieson60dayterms,theprobabilityofdefault(PD)isderivedfromaninternalratingsbased(IRB)approachthatincorporatescountryspecificsovereignrisk,foreignexchangeliquidity,andrefinerymarginvolatility.Lossgivendefault(LGD)isadjustedforcrudequalitydifferentialsandexportbanclausesthatmayrestrictrecovery.AMonteCarlosimulationof50,000pathsindicatesthatapplyinga0.8%PDand45%LGDtoaUSD300millionreceivableportfoliogeneratesa1yearECLofUSD1.08million,equivalentto36basispointsofsales.Toreduceprovisioningvolatility,someNOCsareembeddingautomaticpriceadjustmentclauseslinkedtoBrentforwards,effectivelyconvertingfixedpricereceivablesintovariablepriceinstrumentswithlowercreditsensitivity.答案：根據(jù)新的IFRS9減值模型，油氣勘探開(kāi)發(fā)企業(yè)必須在12個(gè)月或整個(gè)存續(xù)期內(nèi)對(duì)應(yīng)收賬款確認(rèn)預(yù)期信用損失（ECL）。對(duì)于向國(guó)內(nèi)煉廠(chǎng)提供60天賬期的國(guó)家石油公司（NOC），違約概率（PD）采用內(nèi)部評(píng)級(jí)法（IRB），綜合主權(quán)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、外匯流動(dòng)性和煉廠(chǎng)利潤(rùn)波動(dòng)。違約損失率（LGD）則根據(jù)原油品質(zhì)差異及可能限制回收的出口禁令條款進(jìn)行調(diào)整。5萬(wàn)次蒙特卡洛模擬顯示，對(duì)3億美元應(yīng)收賬款組合采用0.8%PD與45%LGD，一年期ECL為108萬(wàn)美元，相當(dāng)于銷(xiāo)售額的36個(gè)基點(diǎn)。為降低撥備波動(dòng)，部分NOC引入與布倫特遠(yuǎn)期掛鉤的自動(dòng)調(diào)價(jià)條款，將固定價(jià)格應(yīng)收款轉(zhuǎn)為信用敏感度較低的浮動(dòng)價(jià)格工具。五、寫(xiě)作（共1題，滿(mǎn)分25分）58.Directions:Writeanessayof300–350wordsonthefollowingtopic:“Digitaltwinsarerevolutionizingassetmanagementintheupstreamoilandgassector.Discussthekeyenablers,typicalvaluelevers,andremainingbarrierstowidespreadadoption.”參考范文：Digitaltwins—dynamicvirtualreplicasofphysicalassets—arerapidlybecomingthenervecenterofupstreamoperations.Keyenablersstartwithubiquitoussensing:highfrequencydatafrompermanentdownholegauges,fiberopticDAS,anddronebasedthermographycreatea360°datablanket.Cloudnativearch