2025年英語四六級閱讀沖刺押題試卷：閱讀理解與長尾詞考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______第一部分閱讀理解(共2篇，每篇10分，滿分20分)PassageOneTheriseofthe"gigeconomy"hasbeenoneofthemostsignificanttransformationsinthelabormarketoverthepastdecade.Characterizedbyshort-termcontractsorfreelanceworkasopposedtopermanentjobs,itencompassesawidearrayofprofessions,fromride-sharingdriversandfooddeliverypersonneltoindependentconsultantsanddesigners.Platformsmediatingthesetransactions,suchasUber,TaskRabbit,andUpwork,haveconnectedmillionsofworkerswithclientsglobally,offeringflexibilityandautonomythattraditionalemploymentoftenlacks.Proponentsarguethatthegigeconomyprovidescrucialopportunitiesforindividuals,particularlyinregionswithlimitedjobmarketsorforthoseseekingtobalanceworkwithothercommitments.Theflexibilityallowsworkerstochoosetheirhours,projects,andsometimeseventhetypesofworktheyengagein.Thisautonomyishighlyvalued,especiallybyyoungergenerationsandthosere-enteringtheworkforce.Furthermore,itcanserveasavitalsafetynet,providingincomeduringperiodsofunemploymentorwhileindividualssearchformorepermanentpositions.However,criticsraiseseriousconcernsaboutthesustainabilityandsecurityofgigwork.Manygigworkerslackbenefitssuchashealthinsurance,paidleave,andretirementplans,whichareoftenprovidedintraditionalemployment.Theinstabilityofincome,fluctuatingbetweenhighandlowperiods,createsfinancialanxiety.Moreover,theclassificationofgigworkersasindependentcontractorsratherthanemployeesmeanstheyoftendonotreceiveprotectionunderlaborlawsdesignedtosafeguardtraditionalworkers,suchasminimumwageguaranteesorovertimepay.Thislegalambiguitycanleadtoexploitationandleavesworkersvulnerable.Thefutureofthegigeconomylikelyinvolvesacontinuedcoexistencewithtraditionalemploymentmodels.Astechnologyevolvesandsocietalneedschange,theboundariesbetweenpermanentandtemporaryworkmaybecomeevenmoreblurred.Policymakersfacethecomplexchallengeofregulatingthisrapidlygrowingsectorwithoutstiflingitsinnovationandflexibility,whilealsoensuringfairtreatmentandsecurityfortheworkersitemploys.Questions:1.Accordingtothepassage,whataretheprimarycharacteristicsthatdistinguishthegigeconomyfromtraditionalemployment?2.Whatspecificbenefitsofgigworkarehighlightedbyitsproponents?3.Theword"mediating"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:4.Whatarethemainconcernscitedbycriticsregardingthefinancialsecurityofgigworkers?5.Whatlegalstatusdocriticsargueisoftenassignedtogigworkers,andwhatimplicationsdoesthishave?6.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestaboutthefuturerelationshipbetweenthegigeconomyandtraditionalemployment?7.Basedonthepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaccuratelyreflectstheperspectiveofgigworkerswhovalueflexibility?8.Thepassageindicatesthatthegigeconomyoperatesthroughplatformsthatconnectworkerswithclients.Whatpotentialnegativeconsequenceofthisplatform-basedmodelisimpliedbythediscussiononworkerclassification?9.Howdoestheauthordescribethechallengefacedbypolicymakersregardingthegigeconomy?10.Considertheargumentspresentedforandagainstthegigeconomy.Whichpotentialbenefitmentionedinthepassagemightbeseenaspartiallyoffsettingoneofthemajordrawbacks?PassageTwoTheconceptof"deepwork,"popularizedbyCalNewport,referstotheabilitytofocuswithoutdistractiononacognitivelydemandingtask.Inaneradominatedbyconstantdigitalnotifications,socialmedia,andthepressuretomultitask,thecapacityfordeepworkisbecomingincreasinglyrareandvaluable.Itinvolvesminimizingexternalinterruptionsandeliminatinginternaldistractionstoachieveastateofflow,whereproductivityandcreativityaresignificantlyenhanced.Engagingindeepworkoffersnumerousadvantages.Itenablesindividualstotacklecomplexproblemsthatrequiresustainedconcentrationandcriticalthinking.Whenimmersedinataskwithoutdistraction,deeperinsightscanbegained,andhigherqualityworkisproduced.Thisisparticularlycrucialinprofessionalenvironmentswhereinnovationandproblem-solvingarekeydriversofsuccess.Furthermore,individualswhomasterdeepworkoftenfindthatitleadstogreaterjobsatisfactionandasenseofaccomplishment,astheyareabletoproducemeaningfulresults.However,cultivatingthehabitofdeepworkischallengingintoday'shyper-connectedworld.Thepervasivenatureofdigitaltechnologyandthesocietalexpectationtobeconstantlyavailablecreatesignificantobstacles.Manyfinditdifficulttodisconnectfromemails,messages,andsocialmediafeeds,evenwhenattemptingtofocus.Thebraindoesnoteasilyswitchbetweentasks;frequentswitchingcanactuallydiminishoverallproductivityandincreasethelikelihoodoferrors.Moreover,theinstantgratificationprovidedbyquickdigitalinteractionscanmakesustainedfocusonlong-term,demandingprojectsfeeldauntingorlessappealing.Despitethesechallenges,thebenefitsofdeepworkaretoosignificanttoignore.Individualscanimprovetheirperformance,enhancetheircareerprospects,andpotentiallyachievegreaterpersonalfulfillmentbymakingaconsciousefforttocultivatethisskill.Strategiessuchasschedulingspecificblocksoftimeforfocusedwork,creatingphysicalanddigitalenvironmentsthatminimizedistractions,andpracticingmindfulnesstechniquescanhelpindevelopingthedisciplineneededfordeepwork.Inaworldthatoftenvaluesspeedandbreadthoverdepth,theabilitytoconcentratedeeplyisasuperpowerthatoffersadistinctcompetitiveadvantage.Questions:11.Whatisthecentralideaofthepassagediscussing"deepwork"?12.Accordingtothepassage,whataretwokeycognitivebenefitsderivedfromengagingindeepwork?13.Thephrase"sustainedconcentration"inthesecondparagraphisbestunderstoodas:14.Whataredescribedasmajorobstaclestoachievingastateofdeepworkinthemodernworld?15.Howdoesthepassagecharacterizethetransitionbetweentaskswhenattemptingtomultitask?16.Accordingtotheauthor,whataresomepracticalstrategiesmentionedforcultivatingtheabilitytododeepwork?17.Thepassagesuggeststhatdeepworkcanleadtogreaterpersonalfulfillment.Whatmightbeareasonforthis,asimpliedinthetext?18.Inthecontextofprofessionalenvironments,whyistheabilitytododeepworkconsideredvaluable?19.Thepassagecontrastsdeepworkwiththe"instantgratification"providedbydigitalinteractions.Whatdoesthiscontrasthighlightaboutthenatureofdeepwork?20.Consideringtheincreasingimportanceofdeepwork,whatskillorqualitydoestheauthoridentifyasofferinga"distinctcompetitiveadvantage"?---試卷答案第一部分閱讀理解PassageOne1.Short-termcontractsorfreelanceworkversuspermanentjobs;flexibilityandautonomyoffered.**解析思路：*問題詢問區(qū)分特征。文章首段明確指出“gigeconomy”的特點是“short-termcontractsorfreelanceworkasopposedtopermanentjobs”，即短期合同或自由職業(yè)，而非永久性工作。同時，緊接著提到“flexibilityandautonomythattraditionalemploymentoftenlacks”，即傳統(tǒng)工作常常缺乏的靈活性和自主性。因此，這兩個是核心區(qū)分點。2.Flexibility,autonomy,andtheabilitytochoosehours,projects,andtypesofwork.**解析思路：*問題詢問支持者強調的具體好處。文章第二段明確列舉了支持者的觀點，指出靈活性（flexibility）允許選擇工作時間、項目和工作類型，自主性（autonomy）受到高度評價，并且可以作為就業(yè)不足時的安全網(wǎng)。這些都是具體的好處。3.Interveningoractingasago-between.**解析思路：*問題要求找出"mediating"在文中的最接近含義。文章提到平臺“platformsmediatingthesetransactions”，這些交易指代前文提到的“contractsorfreelancework”。平臺在此扮演了連接工人與客戶的角色，起到了中間人或調停者的作用。因此，"intervening"或"actingasago-between"與之意義接近。4.Instabilityofincomeduetofluctuatingperiodsandlackofbenefitslikehealthinsurance,paidleave,andretirementplans.**解析思路：*問題詢問批評者關于經濟安全的主要擔憂。文章第三段明確闡述了批評者的主要擔憂，包括收入的不穩(wěn)定性（instabilityofincome）和波動性（fluctuatingperiods），以及缺乏傳統(tǒng)工作提供的福利（benefitssuchashealthinsurance,paidleave,andretirementplans）。這些都是對財務安全的擔憂。5.Independentcontractors.**解析思路：*問題詢問批評者認為的工人法律地位及其影響。文章第三段指出批評者認為“gigworkersareclassifiedasindependentcontractorsratherthanemployees”。接著說明這種分類（classification）意味著他們通常不享有旨在保護傳統(tǒng)工人的法律（laborlaws），這暗示了法律地位帶來的影響是缺乏保護。6.Acontinuedcoexistencewithtraditionalemploymentmodels,withevolvingboundaries.**解析思路：*問題詢問作者對未來關系的預測。文章最后一段明確指出，未來“thegigeconomylikelyinvolvesacontinuedcoexistencewithtraditionalemploymentmodels”，即gig經濟可能與傳統(tǒng)就業(yè)模式繼續(xù)共存。同時提到，“theboundariesbetweenpermanentandtemporaryworkmaybecomeevenmoreblurred”，即永久性和臨時性工作的界限可能變得更加模糊，暗示了共存和演變。7.Theyvaluetheabilitytomanagetheirownscheduleandchoosetheworktheyengagein.**解析思路：*問題基于文章內容，詢問看重靈活性的工作者的視角。文章第二段闡述支持者（通常也是自由職業(yè)者）認為靈活性的好處在于可以“choosetheirhours,projects,andsometimeseventhetypesofworktheyengagein”，即選擇自己的工作時間、項目和參與的工作類型。這反映了他們看重自主安排和管理時間的能力。8.Potentialexploitationandvulnerabilityofworkersduetothelackoflegalprotectionsassociatedwiththeindependentcontractorstatus.**解析思路：*問題詢問平臺模式可能帶來的負面后果，結合工人分類討論。文章第三段討論了將工人歸類為“independentcontractors”的后果，即他們“donotreceiveprotectionunderlaborlawsdesignedtosafeguardtraditionalworkers”，如最低工資保障和加班費。這暗示了平臺模式（通過分類）可能導致工人缺乏法律保護，從而可能被剝削（exploitation）且處于脆弱（vulnerability）狀態(tài)。9.Regulatingtherapidlygrowingsectorwithoutstiflingitsinnovation,flexibility,andensuringfairtreatmentforworkers.**解析思路：*問題詢問作者描述的政策制定者面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。文章最后一段明確指出政策制定者面臨的“complexchallenge”是“regulatingthisrapidlygrowingsectorwithoutstiflingitsinnovationandflexibility,whilealsoensuringfairtreatmentandsecurityfortheworkersitemploys”，即監(jiān)管這個快速增長的行業(yè)，同時不扼殺其創(chuàng)新和靈活性，并確保對其雇員的公平待遇和安全。10.Theflexibilitytochooseprojects(abenefit)mightoffsetthedrawbackofincomeinstability.**解析思路：*問題要求根據(jù)文中論點，找出一個潛在好處可能部分抵消一個主要缺點的例子。文章第二段提到靈活性是主要好處之一。文章第三段提到主要缺點是收入不穩(wěn)定（financialanxietyduetofluctuatingincome）。一個人可能因為靈活性可以在收入低的時候選擇高回報的項目，從而部分彌補收入不穩(wěn)的缺點。因此，選擇項目帶來的靈活性可以部分抵消收入不穩(wěn)定的缺點。PassageTwo11.Theabilitytofocuswithoutdistractiononacognitivelydemandingtask.**解析思路：*問題詢問“deepwork”的核心概念。文章第一段開門見山定義了“deepwork”，指出其是指“theabilitytofocuswithoutdistractiononacognitivelydemandingtask”，即在不受干擾的情況下專注于需要認知能力的任務的能力。12.Tacklingcomplexproblemsthatrequiresustainedconcentrationandcriticalthinking;producinghigherqualitywork.**解析思路：*問題詢問參與深度工作帶來的兩個認知益處。文章第二段闡述了深度工作的好處，首先提到它“enablesindividualstotacklecomplexproblemsthatrequiresustainedconcentrationandcriticalthinking”，即能夠應對需要持續(xù)專注和批判性思維的復雜問題。接著馬上補充，“Whenimmersedinataskwithoutdistraction,deeperinsightscanbegained,andhigherqualityworkisproduced”，即在不受干擾的情況下沉浸于任務中，可以獲得更深層的見解，并產生更高質量的工作。這兩點是明確的認知益處。13.Maintainingfocusonasingletaskforaperiod.**解析思路：*問題要求理解"sustainedconcentration"的意思。文章第二段提到“Engagingindeepworkinvolvesminimizingexternalinterruptionsandeliminatinginternaldistractionstoachieveastateofflow...requiressustainedconcentration”。結合上下文，深度工作需要長時間保持對單一任務的專注，因此“sustainedconcentration”指的就是長時間集中注意力于一件事。14.Constantdigitalnotifications,socialmedia,societalpressuretomultitask,andthebrain'sdifficultyinswitchingbetweentasks.**解析思路：*問題詢問現(xiàn)代世界實現(xiàn)深度工作的主要障礙。文章第三段明確列舉了障礙，包括“thepervasivenatureofdigitaltechnologyandthesocietalexpectationtobeconstantlyavailable”（數(shù)字技術的普遍性和社會期望隨時在線），即不斷的數(shù)字通知（digitalnotifications）、社交媒體（socialmedia）以及社會對多任務處理（multitask）的壓力。此外，還提到了“thebraindoesnoteasilyswitchbetweentasks;frequentswitchingcanactuallydiminishoverallproductivityandincreasethelikelihoodoferrors”，即大腦在任務間切換不輕松，頻繁切換會降低整體生產力并增加錯誤概率，這也是一個障礙。15.Itdiminishesoverallproductivityandincreasesthelikelihoodoferrors.**解析思路：*問題要求理解關于任務切換的描述。文章第三段在討論multitasking的負面影響時明確指出，“frequentswitchingbetweentaskscanactuallydiminishoverallproductivityandincreasethelikelihoodoferrors”，即頻繁在不同任務間切換實際上會降低整體生產力并增加出錯的可能性。這直接描述了任務切換的不良后果。16.Schedulingspecificblocksoftimeforfocusedwork,creatingphysicalanddigitalenvironmentsthatminimizedistractions,andpracticingmindfulnesstechniques.**解析思路：*問題詢問文中提到的培養(yǎng)深度工作的實際策略。文章第三段末尾明確列舉了幾個策略：“schedulingspecificblocksoftimeforfocusedwork”（為專注工作安排特定時間段）、“creatingphysicalanddigitalenvironmentsthatminimizedistractions”（創(chuàng)造減少干擾的物理和數(shù)字環(huán)境），以及“practicingmindfulnesstechniques”（練習正念技巧）。17.Itprovidesasenseofaccomplishmentandtheabilitytoproducemeaningfulresults.**解析思路：*問題詢問深度工作帶來個人滿足感的原因（根據(jù)文本暗示）。文章第二段提到深度工作能“enhance...jobsatisfactionandasenseofaccomplishment”，即提升工作滿意度和成就感。接著又說“astheyareabletoproducemeaningfulresults”。這暗示了能夠產出有意義的結果（meaningfulresu