由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句思維導(dǎo)圖一、定義定語從句：在主從復(fù)合句中，對某一_________、_______或______________起___________作用的從句。先行詞：被___________或___________的名詞或代詞。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫___________：分為關(guān)系___________(that，which，who，whom，whose，as等)和關(guān)系___________(when，where，why等)兩類。分類：_____________定語從句和______________定語從句（有逗號隔開）（由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句。對所修飾的對象加以限制，表示“……的(人)”或“……的(物)”。從句不可去掉，一旦去掉主句的意思則不完整。）名詞修飾限制關(guān)系詞限制性代詞名詞短語修飾代詞副詞非限制性二、定語從句解題步驟根據(jù)句子的意思，找出并確定_______________；判斷先行詞在定語從句中所作的_____________；根據(jù)規(guī)則，確定關(guān)系________或關(guān)系_________。先行詞

成分代詞副詞先行詞主語賓語/表語定語（所屬關(guān)系）狀語（加介詞）人

介詞+物

介詞+時間：地點(diǎn)：原因：三、限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞注意：1)theway做先行詞定語從句中充當(dāng)狀語時，用關(guān)系代詞_________________。who,thatwho,whom,thatWhose+n=the+n+ofwhom=ofwhom+the+nwhomwhich,thatwhich,thatWhose+n=the+n+ofwhich=ofwhich+the+nwhichwhenwherewhythat,inwhich或省略1.who的用法Theperson

who

talkedtomewasoneofmyclassmates.(指人，

作___________)和我說話的那個人是我的一個同學(xué)。Theheadmasteristheman

(who)

Irespectverymuch.(指人，

作___________，可以省略)校長就是我非常尊重的那個人。主語賓語2.whom的用法——賓語、表語Jackistheperson

(who/whom)

youshouldcareabout.(whom指人，

作___________，可以省略,可以用who替代)

杰克是你應(yīng)該關(guān)心的人。Theoldman

towhom

amedalisawardedisveryinspiring.(指人，

作_________，（介詞提前，不可以省略，不可以用who替代)

這位被授予獎?wù)碌睦先朔浅９奈枞诵?。賓語賓語3.that的用法Thenumberofpeoplethat/who

cometovisitthecityreachesonemillioneveryyear.(that指人,作___________)每年來參觀這個城市的人數(shù)達(dá)到了一百萬。Thereport(that)MrTurnerhandedinwasaboutthemotorrace.(that指物,作___________，可以省略)特納先生遞交的報(bào)告是關(guān)于摩托車比賽的。Hedoesn’tseemtobetheman

that

hewastenyearsago.(that指人,作___________)

他看起來已經(jīng)不是十年前的樣子了。主語賓語表語4.which的用法Theplaneisamachinewhichcanfly.(which指物,作___________)飛機(jī)是一種會飛的機(jī)器。Thegoldmedal(which)shewonhasbeengiventoheroldschool.(which指物,作___________，可以省略)

她贏得的那塊金牌已經(jīng)被送給她的母校了。主語賓語5.whose的用法Helivesintheroom

whose

windowfacessouth.(whose指______，在從句中修飾名詞，作___________)他住在窗戶朝南的那個房間。Thisisthescientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.(whose指______，在從句中修飾名詞，作_________)這就是那位聞名全國的科學(xué)家。物定語人定語[名師點(diǎn)睛]whose指人時，常用下列結(jié)構(gòu)來代替：Iwilltalktothosestudents____________homeworkhasn’tbeendoneonschedule.＝Iwilltalktothosestudents，thehomework___________________hasn’tbeendoneonschedule.＝Iwilltalktothosestudents，___________________thehomeworkhasn’tbeendoneonschedule.我將和那些沒按時完成作業(yè)的學(xué)生談話。whoseofwhomofwhomWhose+n=the+n+ofwhom=ofwhom+the+nWhose+n=the+n+ofwhich=ofwhich+the+n四、關(guān)系代詞的一些規(guī)則1.限制性定語從句中,當(dāng)先行詞表示事物時，只用that不用which的情況(1)先行詞是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等不定代詞時。IfIrunintoanything___________mightinterestyou,I’llsendityourway.Wecannotsaythatnone___________wesawonTVweretrue.All___________canbedonehasbeendone.一切能做的都已經(jīng)做了。thatthatthat四、關(guān)系代詞的一些規(guī)則1.限制性定語從句中,當(dāng)先行詞表示事物時，只用that不用which的情況(2)當(dāng)先行詞被all，every，any，few,little，much，theonly，thevery，theright，thelast，just等修飾時。Musicistheonlything_______interestsme.音樂是唯一令我感興趣的東西。Youaretheveryperson__________wearelookingfor.你就是我們要找的人。(3)當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級修飾時。Thisisthemostinterestingstory___________Ihaveeverread.這是我曾經(jīng)讀過的最有趣的故事。thatthatthat四、關(guān)系代詞的一些規(guī)則(4)當(dāng)先行詞既有人也有物時。Shedescribedinhercompositionthepeopleandplaces___________impressedhermost.她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。(5)當(dāng)先行詞前面出現(xiàn)who，which等疑問代詞時，為了避免重復(fù)，只能用that

。Whoistheman___________youaretalkingto?(6)先行詞在定語從句中用作表語時。Chinaisnotthecountry___________sheusedtobe.thatthatthat四、關(guān)系代詞的一些規(guī)則[疑難點(diǎn)津]關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，定語從句的謂語動詞要和先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。Thosewhoareover45won’tbepermittedtoenterthehall.超過45歲的人不允許進(jìn)入這個大廳。[名師點(diǎn)睛](1)“oneof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作先行詞，定語從句的謂語動詞用___________形式；在肯定句中，“theonlyoneof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作先行詞，定語從句的謂語動詞用___________形式。Thisisoneofthebookswhich___________(be)writtenbyCharlesDickens.這是查爾斯·狄更斯所寫的書中的其中一本。Heistheonlyoneoftheboysinourclasswho_____________(learn)French.他是我們班里唯一學(xué)過法語的男孩。(2)為避免關(guān)系詞的重復(fù)，被關(guān)系代詞代替的成分不可在從句中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。ThisisthefactorywhichwevisitedlastSunday.(visited后不可加it)這就是我們上星期天參觀的那家工廠。復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)werehaslearned四、關(guān)系代詞的一些規(guī)則2.只用which不用that的情況

(1)先行詞表示事物，用于非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞。Welostthegame,___________mademedisappointedgreatly.(2)先行詞表示事物，用于介詞之后的關(guān)系代詞。Thisisthehospitalin___________Iwasborn.whichwhich四、關(guān)系代詞的一些規(guī)則3.用as引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況(1)as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句常和_____________________________等連用，在從句中常作主語、賓語等Heissuchalearnedman________weadmire.(2)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，譯為：“正如...”。___________isreported,thetalksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.thesame/such/as/soasAs四、關(guān)系代詞的一些規(guī)則4.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的as與which關(guān)系代詞位置不同表意不同

引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句既可以放在主句前,

也可以放在主句后,

有時還可插入主句中。意為“正如…”,

后面的謂語動詞多用see,

know,

expect,

say,

mention,

report等。

引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句通常放在主句之后。意為“________”或“________”等。aswhich這一點(diǎn)這件事四、關(guān)系代詞的一些規(guī)則5.常用的固定句式(1)Asweallknow,...=Asisknowntoall,..._____________________，...(2)Therewasatimewhen..._____________________...(3)Gonearethedayswhen....____________________________(4)Thereasonwhy...isthat...____________________________(5)This/Thatis/wasthe+序數(shù)詞+timethat...__________________________眾所周知曾經(jīng)一度.......的日子一去不復(fù)返了...的原因是...這/那是第幾次...五、定語從句與同位語從句比較(1)Thenewsthatshehadpassedtheexammadeherparentsveryhappy.（___________句）(2)Thenewsthat/whichhetoldusinterestedallofus.（___________句）總結(jié)：同位語從定語從定語從句在復(fù)合句中相當(dāng)于形容詞，對先行詞起修飾、描述或限制的作用，與先行詞之間有從屬關(guān)系。同位語的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，對前面的名詞給予補(bǔ)充說明或進(jìn)一步解釋，是前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容，與先行詞之間是同位關(guān)系。六、定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句比較(1)ItisinthefactorythatMr.Wangworks.（___________句）(2)Itisthefactorywhere/inwhichMr.Wangworks.（___________句）總結(jié)：強(qiáng)調(diào)定語從句強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)為“Itis／was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that＋從句”。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分可以是除謂語以外的任何成分，當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人時，還可用who代替that。這一句型中，一定不能因?yàn)楸粡?qiáng)調(diào)部分是表時間或地點(diǎn)的詞就用when或where代替that。七、非限制性定語從句在寫作中的運(yùn)用（與非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換）IhaveagoodcommandofEnglish,___________enablesmetotalkwiththeforeignerswithease.→IhaveagoodcommandofEnglish,___________metotalkwiththeforeignerswithease.whichenabling1.LeiFengdidalotofwork____________wasbeneficialtopeople.2.Thereisapieceofcloth____________givesofflightinthedark.3.Thisisthefactory________________wevisitedlastweek.4.Thisisthefactory______________heworkedlastyear.5.Mysonisnolongertheboy____________hewas5yearsago.6.Thegirl____________________hesavedwassenttohospitalimmediately.7.InancientChinalivedanartist____________paintingswerealmostlifelike.課堂鞏固小練一、單句語法填空that/whichthat/whichthat/which/省略where/inwhichthatwho/whom/that/省略whose8.Self-drivingisanarea________________Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.9.Istillrememberthedays________________Iworkedinthecountry.10.Istillrememberthedays______________Ispentwithmygrandmainthecountry.11.Wedon’tknowthereason____________heisabsenttoday.12.Thisisthehouse_________________heusedtolivein.13.Thisisthehouse________________heusedtolive.14.Wehaveenteredintoanage________________dreamshavethebestchancesofcomingtrue.15.Thisisoneofthebestfilms____________Ihaveeverseen.where/inwhichwhen/onwhichthat/which/省略whythat/which/省略where/inwhichwhen/inwhichthat16.Theonlything____________Icoulddoatthattimewastowait.17.Yantai,____________iswell-knowntous,isfamousforapples.18.Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,____________helpsthemkeepfit.19.Hehastwodaughters,bothof____________aredoctors.20.Noneofusknewtheway__________________heworkedoutthemathsproblems.21.Thisisthesamewatch____________Ilostyesterday,butitisnotmine.22.ItwasSunday__________________hemethisteacherint