寒假復習教學設(shè)計：《選擇性必修一Unit45重點知識回顧與詞匯拓展精講精練》Unit4BodyLanguage一、核心詞匯精講1.varyvi.（根據(jù)情況）變化；改變教材原句：Justlikespokenlanguage,bodylanguagevariesfromculturetoculture.（就像口語一樣，肢體語言也因文化而異。）典型例句：Withthedevelopmentofeconomy,therearevarietiesofgoodsinstores,varyingfromdailygroceriestoluxurygoods,whichgreatlyenrichpeople'slife.Inaddition,thegoodsvarywiththeseasoninvarietyandquantity.Ilikereadingverymuch,especiallythestorybooksvaryingfromChinesestoriestoEnglishstories.（現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語）IfyoutraveltoBeijing，Iwillarrangeavarietyof/varietiesof/variousactivities，whichvaryfromclimbingtheGreatWalltovisitingtheSummerPalace.（應(yīng)用文之活動安排）拓展要點：from...to...在……方面存在差異；varywithsth.隨……而變化；varyfrom...to...從……到……情況不等of...varietyn．種類；多樣化（avarietyof/varietiesof各種各樣的；thevarietyof...……的種類）；variousadj.各種各樣的；具有多種特征的2.appropriateadj.合適的；恰當?shù)慕滩脑洌篢hecrucialthingisusingbodylanguageinawaythatisappropriatetothecultureyouarein.（關(guān)鍵是使用肢體語言的方式要適合你所處的文化。）典型例句：Itisnotappropriatetoasksuchpersonalquestionsinaninterview.Hiscasualclotheswerenotappropriateto/forsuchaformaloccasion.（他隨便的穿著不適合這樣正式的場合。）that...ppropriateforustodosmallthingsinourdailylifetoprotectouroceans.（2022·全國甲卷，書面表達）→Itisappropriatethatwe(should)dosmallthingsinourdailylifetoprotectouroceans.（Itisappropriatethat...句式轉(zhuǎn)換）拓展要點：for/to...ppropriatefor/to...＝besuitablefor/befitfor適合……；Itisappropriate(forsb.)todosth.（對某人來說）做某事是合適的；Itis(not)appropriatethatsb.(should)dosth.某人做某事是（不）合適的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：appropriatelyadv.適當?shù)?.approvevt.批準，通過；vi.贊成；同意教材原句：Inothercountries,bycontrast,eyecontactisnotalwaysapprovedof.（相反，在另一些國家，眼神交流并不總是被認可。）典型例句：Wehavemadeadjustmentstoourplansothatitcanmeetwithyourapproval.Thefatherapprovedofthetwins'preparingaMother'sDaybreakfastandofferedtohelpthem.Whenseeingthebreakfast，thedelightedmothergavethetwinsanapprovinglook.（2021·新高考Ⅰ卷，讀后續(xù)寫改編）拓展要點：sb./veof(sb./sb.'sdoing)sth.贊成/同意（某人做）某事；beapprovedby被……批準to...approvaln．批準，認可；贊成（with/withouttheapprovalof經(jīng)/未經(jīng)……的批準；giveone'sapprovalto...同意/批準……）；approvingadj.贊成的；同意的4.witnessvt.當場看到；目擊；見證；n．目擊者；證人教材原句：InJapan,someonewhowitnessesanotherpersonemployingthegesturemightthinkitmeansmoney.（在日本，如果有人看到另一個人做這個手勢，可能會以為是錢的意思。）典型例句：Thepolicehaveappealedforwitnessestotheaccident.LastSundaywitnessedmyparticipatinginameaningfulactivitynamed“GettingtoKnowthePlantsAroundUs”organizedbythestudentorganization.（2023·浙江卷1月，應(yīng)用文寫作改編）拓展要點：固定搭配：witnesssth.目擊某事發(fā)生；givewitnesstosth.為……作證；be(a)witnessto……的目擊者5.employvt.使用；應(yīng)用；雇用教材原句：InJapan，someonewhowitnessesanotherpersonemployingthegesturemightthinkitmeansmoney.（在日本，如果有人看到另一個人做這個手勢，可能會以為是錢的意思。）典型例句：Thegovernmenthastakeneffectivemeasurestocreatemoreemploymentopportunities.IfIamluckyenoughtobeemployed,Iwillsparenoefforttorepayyouforyourtrust.（應(yīng)用文之申請信）Employedinonlinelearningeveryday，Ican'tsparesometimetointeractwithteachersandclassmatesfacetoface.（過去分詞短語作狀語）→Employingmyselfinonlinelearningeveryday，Ican'tsparesometimetointeractwithteachersandclassmatesfacetoface.（現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語）（2021·全國乙卷，書面表達改編）拓展要點：詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：employmentn.雇傭；職業(yè)；使用；employern.雇主；employeen.雇員6.differvi.相異；不同于教材原句：Eventhegesturesweusefor“yes”and“no”differaroundtheworld.（甚至我們用來表示“是”與“不是”的手勢在世界各地都不一樣。）典型例句：Thereisnodenyingthatcustomsdifferinthisrespect.ThepersonIrespectmostismyheadteacherwhodiffersfrom/isdifferentfromotherteachersinteaching．Inourstudies，hisadvancedteachingmethodsmakeagreatdifferencetousstudents．Inourdailylife，heteachesushowtotellthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong．Somepeoplethinkthatprotectingouroceansfrombeingpollutedmakesnodifferencetous，butIattachgreatimportancetooceanprotection.（2022·全國甲卷，書面表達改編）拓展要點：from...in...from...與……不同；differin...在……方面不同；differwithsb.on/about/over...在……上不同意某人的看法詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：differencen．差異，不同（之處）（makea/nodifferencetosb./sth.對某人/某物有/沒有影響；tellthedifferencebetweenAandB＝tellAandBapart區(qū)分A和B）；differentadj.不同的，有區(qū)別的（bedifferentfrom...與……不同）7.favourvt.較喜歡；選擇；有利于；n．幫助；恩惠；贊同；喜愛教材原句：Elsewhere,peoplefavourshakinghands,bowingfromthewaist,ornoddingtheheadwhentheymeetsomeoneelse.（在其他地方，人們見面時更喜歡握手、彎腰鞠躬或者點頭。）典型例句：Ourproductshavegoodfameathomeandabroad,deeplyfavouredbycustomers.Opportunitiesandsuccesstendtobeinfavourofthosewhoareready.→Opportunitiesandsuccesstendtofavourthosewhoareready.（機遇和成功往往青睞那些有準備的人。）Ifyouhaveanyquestions，don'thesitatetoaskmeafavour/askafavourofme．（應(yīng)用文之結(jié)束語）拓展要點：固定搭配：dosb.afavour＝doafavourforsb.幫某人一個忙；asksb.afavour＝askafavourofsb.請某人幫忙；owesb.afavour欠某人一個人情；(be)infavourof＝befor贊成；主張；(be)against反對詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：favouriteadj.&n.特別受喜愛的（人或物）；favourableadj.有利的；贊成的8.occupyvt.占據(jù)；占用（時間、空間等）；使忙碌教材原句：Withtheirchinsontheirhands,theyoccupythemselvesbystaringoutofthewindoworupattheceiling.（他們雙手托著下巴，專注地盯著窗外或天花板。）典型例句：Shehasbeensooccupiedwithherworkthatshehasn'thadtimeforsocialactivities.→Shehasoccupiedherselfwithherworkthatshehasn'thadtimeforsocialactivities.→Sooccupiedwithherworkhasshebeenthatshehasn'thadtimeforsocialactivities.（倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)）OccupyingmyselfinorganizingaclassmeetingaboutChinesetraditionalculturesatpresent，Iamwritingtoaskforsomesuggestions.（現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語）→OccupiedinorganizingaclassmeetingaboutChinesetraditionalculturesatpresent，Iamwritingtoaskforsomesuggestions.（過去分詞短語作狀語）（2021·全國甲卷，書面表達改編）拓展要點：固定搭配：occupyoneselfwithsth./(in)doingsth.忙于（做）某事；beoccupied(in)doingsth.忙于做某事；beoccupiedwith(doing)sth.從事/忙于（做）某事詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：occupationn．工作，職業(yè)；占領(lǐng)；occupiedadj.忙碌的；占用的9.distinguishvi.&vt.區(qū)分；辨別；使有別于；使出眾教材原句：Whileitiseasytoperceivewhenstudentsareinterested,bored,ordistracted,itissometimesmuchhardertodistinguishwhenstudentsaretroubled.（盡管學生們何時（對講課）感興趣、何時感到無聊或精力不集中是容易察覺的，但要發(fā)現(xiàn)學生何時有困擾有時會難得多。）典型例句：It'smypleasuretointroduceChinesepaintingtoourdistinguishedguests.Hehasdistinguishedhimselfasateacherinthecity.Notonlydoesheteachustodistinguishbetweengoodandevilbuthecanimproveouracademicperformancesmoreeffectively.Inaword，heisthedistinguishedteacherIrespectmost.拓展要點：固定搭配：distinguishbetween...and...區(qū)分/辨別……和……；distinguish...from...從……中區(qū)分/辨別……；distinguishoneselfas...作為……而出眾詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：distinguishedadj.卓越的，著名的，杰出的；高貴的10.embarrassedadj.難堪的；窘迫的；尷尬的教材原句：Theymayalsohidetheirfacesintheirhandsliketheyareembarrassedorashamed.（他們也可能用手捂著臉，仿佛感覺尷尬或羞愧。）典型例句：Hewasverysurprisedtohearpeoplespeaksohighlyofhim.Tomyembarrassment,myheadwasstuckinthehugepumpkin.→Whatembarrassedme/Whatmademeembarrassedwasthatmyheadwasstuckinthehugepumpkin.（what引導的主語從句）（2021·浙江卷1月，讀后續(xù)寫改編）拓展要點：固定搭配：be/feelembarrassedtodosth.尷尬于做某事；be/feelembarrassedabout/atsth.因……而感到尷尬/窘迫詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：embarrassmentn．難堪；困窘（toone'sembarrassment令某人難堪的是）；embarrassvt.使難堪，使局促不安；embarrassingadj.令人難堪的11.ashamedadj.羞愧；慚愧教材原句：Theymayalsohidetheirfacesintheirhandsliketheyareembarrassedorashamed.（他們也可能用手捂著臉，仿佛感覺尷尬或羞愧。）典型例句：Shewasashamedtotellhermotherthatshehadfailedagain.Ashamedandfrustrated（既羞愧又沮喪；形容詞作狀語），Ifeltasifaknifewerepiercingmyheartandtearsblurredmyeyes.Herfacewasflushed，herheadwashanginggently，andtearsofshamewereshiningfromthecornersofhereyes．（她的臉上泛起了紅暈，頭輕輕地垂著，眼角上閃著羞愧的淚光。）拓展要點：固定搭配：be/feelashamedof(doing)sth.對（做）某事感到慚愧；beashamedtodosth.因慚愧而不情愿做某事；因?qū)擂味銖娮瞿呈略~性轉(zhuǎn)換：shamen．羞愧；讓人遺憾的事（It'sashame/pitythat...令人惋惜的是……）12.bothervi.&vt.費心；麻煩；因……操心；n．麻煩；不便教材原句：However,ifastudentdoesnotbothertobrushherhairandhereyesareredfromweeping,thenIcaninferthattherearedeeperissuesatwork.（但是，要是學生都懶得梳頭，并且兩眼因哭泣而發(fā)紅，那么我能夠推斷她遇到了更嚴重的問題。）典型例句：I'msorrytobotheryouwith/aboutsomanyquestionsonsuchanoccasion.ItbothersmetofinishthewholeworkbeforeMay10.（使我苦惱的是五月十號前要完成全部工作。）Doesitbotheryouthatshedisagreeswithyouonthat？（在那一點上她與你意見不一致，你感到苦惱嗎？）拓展要點：固定搭配：bothersb.with/aboutsth.為某事打擾或麻煩某人；bothertodosth.費心做某事；操心做某事；Itbotherssb.todosth./that...使某人苦惱的是……13.conflictn．矛盾；沖突；vi.沖突；抵觸教材原句：Itcouldbethatsheishavingseriousconflictswithotherstudentsorathome.（可能是她和其他同學或家里發(fā)生了嚴重的沖突。）典型例句：Thechangesaresuretoconflictwiththeoldtraditions,sowemustgivethemasecondthought.Learningthatyouhavebeeninconflictwithyourfamilymember，Iamwritingtoofferyousometips.（應(yīng)用文之建議信改編）拓展要點：固定搭配：beinconflictwith與……相沖突；eintoconflictwith...與……發(fā)生沖突；conflictwith與……相沖突14.adjustvt.調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)；vi.&vt.適應(yīng)；（使）習慣教材原句：Theirbodylanguageletsmeknowwhentoadjustclassactivities,whentointervene,andwhentotalktostudentsindividually,sotheycanallgetthemostoutofschool.（他們的肢體語言讓我知道什么時候該調(diào)整課堂活動，什么時候該去干預(yù)，什么時候該單獨和學生談話，好讓他們都能從學校得到最大的收獲。）典型例句：Broughtupinthecountry,hefindsithardtoadjusthimselftolivinginthecity.Iamwritingtoturntoyouforadviceonhowtoadjust(myself)toschoollife．（應(yīng)用文之建議信）Ifyouhaveanyquestions，don'thesitatetocontactmesothatIcanadjusttheformerarrangements．（adjust）→Ifyouhaveanyquestions，don'thesitatetocontactmesothatIcanmakeadjustmentstotheformerarrangements．（adjustment）（應(yīng)用文之結(jié)束語）拓展要點：固定搭配：adjust[sth.to](sth.to)sth.調(diào)整……以適應(yīng)……；adjustto(doing)sth.適應(yīng)（做）某事詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：adjustmentn．調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)（makeanadjustment/adjustmentsto對……做出調(diào)整）二、核心短語精講1.breakdown出故障；不能運轉(zhuǎn)；消除；打破；分解教材原句：Asmilecanbreakdownbarriers.（微笑能夠消除隔閡。）典型例句：Wehadbrokenupfortenmonthsandwewereoverwhelmedwithgrief.Sowhenweultimatelybrokedownourlongstandingbarriers，webrokeintotears.Ibrokein，“HereiswhatIreceivedformywork.Ithinkitwouldhelpyouinsomeway.”Hearingthat，theotherpersonbrokedown．（2021·浙江卷6月，讀后續(xù)寫改編）Determinedtobreakawayfromhome，heranoutofthehouseinangeranddisappearedintothenight.（讀后續(xù)寫之憤怒心理描寫）拓展短語：breakin打斷，插嘴說；闖入；breakinto闖入；強行進入；突然開始；breakout（戰(zhàn)爭）爆發(fā)；（火災(zāi)）突然發(fā)生；breakup分解；解散；破裂；breakawayfrom脫離，放棄2.inotherwords換句話說；也就是說教材原句：Inotherwords...（換句話說……）典型例句：Wehaven'texpectedhiswinning.Inotherwords,wearesurprisedathiswinning.Theotherdayshehadwordswithherfamilymemberbecausehebrokehisword．Hedecidedtohaveawordwithhersincerelyandpromisedtokeephiswordnomatterwhathappened.（前幾天她和家人吵架了，因為家人不守信用。家人決定真誠地和她談一談，并保證無論發(fā)生什么都會遵守諾言。）Ina/oneword，itisnotappropriateforyoutopointyourchopsticksatothersatdinner.（應(yīng)用文之餐桌禮儀）拓展短語：in/beyondwords用/無法用語言表達；ina/oneword總之，簡言之；haveawordwith與……談一談；havewordswith與……吵嘴；breakone'sword失信，食言；keepone'sword遵守諾言3.callon（短暫地）訪問；要求（某人講話等）；正式邀請教材原句：Somestudentsactthiswaymerelybecausetheyareafraidofbeingcalledonbytheteacher.（有些學生之所以這樣做，僅僅是因為他們害怕被老師喊到。）典型例句：Peoplewerecalledupon/ontoworkhardtomakethesocietybetter.（號召人們努力工作，讓社會變得更美好。）Thetwostudentshadgreatdifficultypreparingafestivalbreakfast，sotheycalledintheirfamilymembertohelpthem．Thefamilymembertoldthemkindly，“Cookingadeliciousbreakfastcallsforgreatpatienceandsomeskills．”（2021·新高考Ⅰ卷，讀后續(xù)寫改編）拓展短語：callon/upon[sb.to](sb.to)dosth.號召/呼吁某人做某事；callback回電話；召回；回想起；callin召回；叫……進來；callfor需要；callataplace拜訪某地；dropinonsb.順便拜訪某人；dropinataplace順便拜訪某地；payavisittosb./aplace拜訪某人/某地三、核心語法精講1.否定詞與比較級連用表示最高級含義教材原句：Andifwearefeelingdownorlonely,thereisnothingbetterthanseeingthesmilingfaceofagoodfriend.（如果我們感到沮喪或孤獨，最美好的事情莫過于看到好朋友的笑臉。）典型例句：ItwasnotuntilthenthatIsuddenlyrealizednobodywashappierthanIwas.ItwasnotuntilthenthatIsuddenlyrealizedthatnobodylovedmemorethanmyfamilymember．（讀后續(xù)寫之親情篇升華句）Someonewalkedtome，“Ihaveneverseenamorewarmheartedpersonthanyou．Withoutyou，Icouldn'thaveparticipatedinthebigcrosscountryrun，soIcan'tthankyouenough/toomuch．”Hiseyestwinkledwithtearsofexcitementandgratitude.（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷，讀后續(xù)寫改編）語法解析：本句中否定詞nothing與比較級better連用，表示最高級的含義。最高級意義的多種表達法：①否定詞＋形容詞/副詞比較級(＋than)；②否定詞＋so/as＋形容詞/副詞原級＋as2.部分否定教材原句：Ofcourse,noteveryonewholooksupispayingattentioninclass.（當然，課堂上并不是每個抬頭看的學生都在專心聽課。）典型例句：Notallbodylanguagesmeanthesamethingindifferentcountries.（并非所有的肢體語言）Whatmademeembarrassedwasthatneitherofthemreactedtomyquestion.（使我尷尬的是他們倆都沒有對我的問題作出回應(yīng)。）Asyouknow，notallthetraditionalculturesareattractivetoforeignfriends/allthetraditionalculturesarenotattractivetoforeignfriends．SoIamwritingtogetyouradvice.（2021·全國甲卷，書面表達改編）語法解析：本句為部分否定句。當all，both，each，everybody，everyone，everything，always，whole，entirely等具有總括意義的代詞、形容詞和副詞與否定副詞not連用時，構(gòu)成部分否定，意為“不是……都；并非……都”。noone，no，none，never，nothing，nomore，nolonger，noway等表示否定意義的詞（組）與肯定式謂語一起使用時，構(gòu)成“全部否定”。3.havesth.done結(jié)構(gòu)教材原句：Soifastudenthashisheadloweredtolookathiswatch，itimpliesheisboredandjustcountingtheminutesfortheclasstoend.（因此，如果一名學生低頭看表，這意味著他很無聊，簡直就是在數(shù)著時間等下課。）典型例句：Itwascold,andshehadthefireburningdayandnight.Takethefollowingadviceandyoucanhaveyourproblemssettled．（應(yīng)用文之建議信）Imustapologizetoyouforhavingyouwaitingforsuchalongtime．Today，Ihavesomanyurgentthingstoattendto．（應(yīng)用文之道歉信）語法解析：句中的hashisheadlowered為“have＋賓語＋賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)，本句中用過去分詞作賓語補足語，表示被動?！癶ave＋賓語＋賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)細分：①havesth.done使某事完成；遭遇某種（不幸的）事情；②have[sb.do](sb.do)sth.讓某人做某事；③havesb.doingsth.允許某人做某事（常用于否定句中）；使某人一直做某事（多用于肯定句中）；④have[sth.to](sth.to)do有某事要做（主語自己做）；have[sth.to](sth.to)bedone有某事要做（不是主語自己做）4.with的復合結(jié)構(gòu)教材原句：Theireyesbarelymove,andtheyalwayshavethesamedistantexpressionontheirfaces.Itisasthoughtheyareasleepwiththeireyesopen.（他們的眼睛幾乎不動，臉上表情疏遠呆滯，好像睜著眼睛在睡覺。）典型例句：Theprisonerwasledinwithhishandstiedtohisback.Hefellasleepwiththelightburning.Ican'tgooutwithalltheseclothestowash.（讀后續(xù)寫之情景描寫）語法解析：句中的withtheireyesopen是with的復合結(jié)構(gòu)。①with的復合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中常作狀語，表示方式或伴隨情況，也可作定語；②with復合結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成：with＋名詞＋形容詞/副詞/現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/不定式/介詞短語四、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換及短語精練（一）高頻詞匯變形interactionn.交流;相互影響→interactvi.交流;相互影響；gesturen.姿勢(=pose),手勢；造成威脅poseathreat；inquirev.打聽,詢問→inquiryn.調(diào)查;質(zhì)詢varyvi.變化→variousadj.多樣的(=diverse)→varietyn.變化;多樣化(=diversity)；各種各樣的:avarietyof=varietiesof=variousappropriate(=suitable=proper=fit)adj.合適的→inappropriateadj.不合適的；和介詞for搭配；形近詞:approachv/n.接/近;接洽,著手處理;方法途徑approvevi.贊成;同意vt.批準→approvaln.贊成;批準→disapprove(=disagree=reject=oppose)vi.不贊成；approximateadj.近似的,大約的v.近似,接近demonstratevt.演示,說明;證明;流露(感情)→demonstrationn.集會示威;演示;說明；illustratevt.給…加插圖;闡明;表明→illustrationn.插圖,圖案employvt.使用(=adopt),應(yīng)用;雇用→employern.雇主→employeen.雇工→employmentn.雇傭;職業(yè);使用interpretvt.理解;解釋(=explain)vt./vi.口譯→interpretationn.解釋,說明;詮釋→interpretern.口譯工作者;口譯譯員differvi.相異;不同于→differentadj.相異的;不同的→differencen.不同;相異；indifferentadj.不關(guān)心的,冷淡的;中立的favourn.支持,喜愛,幫忙,恩惠v.偏袒/愛;支持,更喜歡;有利于→favouredadj.喜愛的;受優(yōu)惠的;有特權(quán)的→favourableadj.給人好印象的;贊同的;支持的;有利的angern.憤怒vt.使生氣;激怒→angryadj.生氣的；hungerv/n.饑餓;渴望→hungryadj.饑餓的;渴望的；anger和hunger變adj.需要去e再加yreliableadj.可靠的(=secure=solid);可信賴的→rely(=depend=lean)vi.信賴;依靠→reliancen.依賴/靠slightadj.輕微的;略微的;細小的→slightlyadv.略微;稍微；barriern.障礙物,屏障=obstaclen.障礙(物),妨礙assessment(=evaluation)n.評價;評定→assess(=evaluate)vt.評估;評價；形近詞:accessn.通道;機會vt.進入;獲取→accessibleadj.可接近/獲取的,易懂/受影響的bend(bent,bent)vt.＆vi.(使)彎曲;傾斜;偏向；閱讀?？荚~匯:witnessn.目擊者vt.見證目擊；conflictn/v矛盾,沖突educatorn.教師;教育工作者→educationn.教育→educatevt.教育→educatedadj.有教養(yǎng)的;受過教育的;有學識的(=knowledgeable)occupyvt.占據(jù);占用→occupationn.職業(yè);占據(jù)→occupationaladj.職業(yè)的→occupiedadj.已占用的;無空的anxietyn.焦慮;擔心;害怕→anxiousadj.焦慮的;擔心的;渴望的(for)；perceivevt.察覺;理解;認知→perceptionn.感知/覺察(力);觀念,看法adjustvt.調(diào)整;調(diào)節(jié)(=adapt)vi/vt.適應(yīng)；(使)習慣→adjustmentn.適應(yīng);調(diào)整；tendvt.照顧;照料vi.傾向;趨于→tendencyn.趨勢;傾向reactvi．(對···)起反應(yīng)(to);回應(yīng);（對食物等）有不良反應(yīng)→reactionn.反應(yīng);回應(yīng)；displayv./n.展示,陳列;顯露；ondisplay展覽;展出revealv.揭示,透露;表明→revealingadj.透露真情的;有啟迪的;袒胸露肩的；exposuren.暴露;揭發(fā);顯示→exposevt.使曝光;揭露；暴露于…beexposedto…imply(=indicate=suggest)vt.暗示;意味→implication(=indication=suggestion)n.暗示;牽連;含義distinguishv.辨別(=recognize=identify=tell),區(qū)別→distinguishedadj.卓越的;著名的(=famous=wellknown);受人尊敬的ultimateadj.最后的(反:initial),最終的,最大的→ultimately(=eventually=finally,反:initially)adv.最后；desperateadj.絕望的;拼命的;極其渴望的rareadj.稀少/珍貴的;(肉)半熟的→rarelyadv.罕有;很少;不常；bareadj.裸露的;光禿禿的;空的(=empty);無裝飾的→barelyadv.僅僅,勉強;幾乎不identityn.身份,個性→identicaladj.相同的,一樣的→identifyvt.確定;辨別→identificationn.身份證明；beidenticalwith…與…相同shamen.羞恥/愧;憾事vt.使丟臉,使羞愧→shamefuladj.不道德的;可恥的→ashamedadj.慚/羞愧的；whatashame!太遺憾了,太可惜了embarrassingadj.讓人難堪/害羞的→embarrassedadj.尷尬的→embarrassvt.使尷尬;使難堪→embarrassmentn.尷尬ceasevt./vi.停止,結(jié)束；deceasen./v死亡→deceasedadj.死去了的;已死的；pausen./v.暫停;間歇intervenevi.干預(yù)/涉;調(diào)解;干擾,阻礙→interventionn.介入,干涉,干預(yù)；sufficientadj.足夠的;充足的=adequate=enough→sufficiencyn.充足prohibitvt.阻止,禁止→prohibitionn.禁止；prohibitsb.from…；exhibit(=display)vt.顯示;展覽→exhibitionn.；merelyadv.僅僅,只不過;只是（二）詞塊翻譯消除；分解；打破；精神或情緒崩潰——breakdown從……到……情況不等——varyfrom...to...對……適合——beappropriateto相比之下——bycontrast往……里面看——lookinto贊同——approveof直起來；整理；收拾整齊——straightenup(與……)相比較——byparison推理；推斷——makeinferences通過；度過；完成——getthrough換句話說；也就是說——inotherwords(短暫地)訪問；要求(某人講話等)；正式邀請——callon有某種影響；在工作——atwork坐下休息——putone'sfeetup傾向于——tendto從事于，忙于——beoccupiedin/with凝視；盯著看——stareat調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)；適應(yīng)——adjusttoUnit5WorkingtheLand一、核心詞匯精講1.devotevt.把……獻(給);把……專用于；專心于教材原句：Indeed,hisslimbutstrongbodywasjustlikethatofmillionsoffarmers,towhomhehaddevotedhislife.（的確，他瘦削但結(jié)實的身體就像他為之奉獻了一生的千百萬農(nóng)民一樣。）典型例句：Shehasdevotedallherlifetoscientificresearch.（她將畢生獻給了科學研究。）Heisdevotedtohisfamilyandalwaysputstheirneedsfirst.（他忠于家庭，總是把家人的需求放在首位。）拓展要點：固定搭配：devote...to...把……獻給……；把……專用于……；bedevotedto…對……忠誠；深愛……詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：devotedadj.忠誠的；深愛的；投入的（adevotedperson一位盡職的人）；devotionn.奉獻；忠誠；深愛（=dedication=mitment）2.convincevt.使相信；使確信；說服教材原句：Hewasconvincedthattheanswercouldbefoundinthecreationofhybridrice.（他確信答案可以在雜交水稻的培育中找到。）典型例句：Itriedtoconvincemyselfthatthetroublewaswiththeproblemitself,notwithme.（我試圖說服自己，問題出于問題本身，而不是我。）Theofficialswereeagertoconvincethepublicofthesafetyofthenewproject.（官員們急于讓公眾相信新項目的安全性。）I'vebeentryingtoconvincehertojointheactivity.（我一直在設(shè)法說服她參加這項活動。）拓展要點：固定搭配：convincesbofsth使某人確信某事/說服某人相信某事；convincesbtodosth說服某人做某事；convincesbthat…使某人相信……詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：convincedadj.確信的；信服的（beconvincedof/that…堅信/深信……）；convincingadj.有說服力的；令人信服的（=persuasive）3.assumptionn.假定；設(shè)定；(責任的)承擔；(權(quán)力的)獲得教材原句：Themonassumptionthenwasthatitcouldnotbedone.（當時人們普遍認為這是不可能實現(xiàn)的。）典型例句：Weshouldnotmakeanassumptionwithoutsufficientevidence.（沒有足夠的證據(jù)，我們不應(yīng)妄下假設(shè)。）Weoperateontheassumptionthattheplanwillbeapproved.（我們是在假設(shè)計劃會被批準的前提下運作的。）拓展要點：固定搭配：makeanassumption作出假設(shè)；ontheassumptionthat…假設(shè)……詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：assumevt.假定；假設(shè)；認為（Itisassumedthat….=Itissupposed/believedthat..假定……;人們認為……；assumingthat…=providing/supposingthat..假如……;如果……）4.expandvt.&vi.擴大；增加；vt.擴展；發(fā)展(業(yè)務(wù))教材原句：Thishybridenabledfarmerstoexpandtheiroutputgreatly.（這種雜交作物使農(nóng)民大大增加了作物的產(chǎn)量。）典型例句：Achild'svocabularyexpandsthroughreading.（孩子的詞匯量通過閱讀得到擴大。）Thepanyplanstoexpandintooverseasmarketsnextyear.（該公司計劃明年拓展海外市場。）Couldyouexpandonyouridea?Idon'tquiteunderstand.（你能詳細闡述一下你的想法嗎？我不是很理解。）拓展要點：固定搭配：expandin…在……方面擴充/膨脹；expandinto….發(fā)展成/擴展到……；expandon/upon詳述；進一步說明詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：expansionn.擴張；擴大；擴充5.prisevt.包括；包含；由……組成教材原句：Today,itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptionisprisedofcropsgeneratedfromhybridstrains….（據(jù)估計，目前國內(nèi)消費的稻米有約60%來自雜交水稻品種形成的作物……）典型例句：Thecollectionprises327paintings.（那一組收藏有327幅畫。）Afootballteamisprisedofelevenplayers.（一支足球隊由11名隊員組成。）拓展要點：固定搭配：beprisedof(=beposedof=bemadeupof)包括；包含；由……組成聯(lián)想拓展：consistof由……組成；由……構(gòu)成（一般不用于進行時和被動語態(tài)）6.extensionn.擴建部分；擴大；電話分機教材原句：Theshelter,whichcouldprotectupto8,000peoplefromwartimebombs,wasprisedoftwolargetunnelsthatwereintendedtoonedaybeeanextensionoftheundergroundsystem.（這個避難所可以保護多達八千人免受戰(zhàn)時炸彈襲擊，它由兩條大隧道組成，預(yù)計有一天會成為地鐵系統(tǒng)的延伸部分。）典型例句：Weareplanninganextensiontoourhouse.（我們正計劃擴建房子。）Couldyouputmethroughtoextension205?（能幫我轉(zhuǎn)分機205嗎？）拓展要點：詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：extendedadj.延長了的；擴展了的；extendvt.延長；vi.延伸（距離）；vt.擴大；擴展；舒展；給予，提供（Thereareplanstoextendthenonsmokingarea.現(xiàn)已有擴大無煙區(qū)的計劃。）7.alternativen.可供選擇的事物；adj.可供替代的；另外的；非傳統(tǒng)的；另類的教材原句：Asanalternative,somefarmershaveswitchedtoorganicfarming,andmanycustomershaveturnedtoorganicfoodwhentheyshopatthelocalgrocery.（作為替代，一些農(nóng)民已轉(zhuǎn)向有機耕作，并且許多顧客在當?shù)仉s貨店購物時也轉(zhuǎn)為購買有機食品。）典型例句：Wehadnoalternativebuttopostponethemeeting.（我們別無他法，只能推遲會議。）Isthereanalternativetothisplan?（這個計劃有替代方案嗎？）拓展要點：固定搭配：havenoalternativebuttodosth除了做某事別無選擇；analternativetosth某事物的替代品詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：alternativelyadv.或者（Theagencywillmaketravelarrangementsforyou.Alternatively,youcanorganizeyourowntransport.旅行社將為你安排旅行，或者你也可以自己安排交通工具。）二、核心短語精講1.inturn相應(yīng)地；轉(zhuǎn)而；依次；輪流教材原句：Thisaffectsthecropsgrownonthelandand,inturn,theanimalsandhumanswhodigestthem.（這影響了生長在土地上的作物，進而影響了食用它們的動物和人類。）典型例句：Thestudentscalledouttheirownnamesinturn.（這些學生依次大聲喊出了自己的名字。）Theoryisbasedonpracticeandinturnservespractice.（理論來源于實踐，反過來又服務(wù)于實踐。）拓展短語：byturns輪流地，交替地（表現(xiàn)某些特質(zhì)或情感）；taketurns(=takeitinturns)todosth輪流做某事；It'sone'sturntodosth輪到某人做某事三、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換及短語精練（一）詞匯變形recognizev.辨別,承認,認可→recognitionn.(去ze加tion)；occasionn.場合;時機→occasionaladj.偶爾/然的→occasionallyadv.偶爾,間或(=onoccasion)appealvi./n.有吸引力;呼吁;上訴;打動→appealingadj.有吸引力的(=fascinating=charming=striking=attractive);有感染力的;懇求的；呼吁某人做某事：appealto/callonsb.todosth.；attain=obtainv.獲得；urbanadj.城市的；ruraladj.農(nóng)村的devote(=dedicate=mit)vt.把…獻給;把…專用于;專心于→devotion(=dedication=mitment)n.獻身,奉獻;忠誠;熱愛→devoted(=dedicated)adj.獻身的;忠誠的shortagen.不足;缺少;短缺→shortadj.不足的;缺少的;短缺的；essential=vital=crucialadj.極其重要的convincevt.使確信(sb.ofsth.);說服(=persuade)→convincingadj.令人相信的;有說服力的(persuasive)→convincedadj.確信的characteristicn.特征(=feature);品質(zhì)adj.典型的(=typical);獨特的→charactern.性格(=personality);特點;漢字;角色(=role)assumptionn.假定(=presumption);設(shè)定;(責任的)承擔;(權(quán)力的)獲得→assumev.以為;假定(=presume);承擔(=shoulder=takeon);假裝,呈現(xiàn)(=takeon)consumptionn.消耗;消耗量;消費→consumevt.消耗;消費→consumern.消費者；draftn.草稿,草案,征兵;穿堂風v.起草expandvt.＆vi.擴大;增加;詳述vt.擴展;發(fā)展(業(yè)務(wù))→expansionn.擴展;發(fā)展；expandonsth.詳細闡述某事；minen.礦山v.開采→mineraln.礦物realityn.現(xiàn)實;實際情況;事實→realadj.真的;真實的→reallyadv.真正地