【英語】高中英語閱讀理解(教育文化)練習題一、高中英語閱讀理解教育文化類1．閱讀理解

Theterm"crocodiletears"referstoinsinceresadness.Thistermhasanetymologydatingbackseveralcenturies.Asearlyasthefourthcentury,crocodiletearsarereferencedintheliteraturewiththemeaningofinsinceresorrow.Itissaidthatcrocodilesweepwhileeatingtheirhuntedanimalsbecausetheyaresad;however,thissadnessisnothonest.

Thetermcrocodiletearsbecamewidelypopularafteritwasdocumentedinafifteenth-centurybooktitledTheVoyageandTravelofSirJohnMandeville,Knight.Apassagefromthebookreads:"Thesecrocodileskillmenandtheyeatthemweeping."

Asyoumayalreadyknow,crocodilians(鱷目動物)likelyfeelbadaboutlittle—especiallyfeeding.However,theassumptionofthecrocodile-tearsmetaphormaybetrue.Ina2007paperpublishedinBioSciencetitled"CrocodileTears:Andtheyeatthemweeping",researchersobserved7crocodiliansincagesduringfeedingtimeatareserve(4caimansand3Americanalligators).Theresearchersobservedthecrocodiliansoutsideofwateratfeedingstationstobetterfindoutwhethertearingdeveloped.

Fiveofthe7crocodiliansdevelopedsomethingliketearsintheireyesbefore,duringorafterfeeding.Theresearcherssuggestthatthesecrocodiletearsoccurbecauseacrocodilianhisses(發(fā)出嘶嘶聲)whileiteats,andthishissingforcesairthroughthespacesinthebonebehindthenoseandouttheeye,intheprocesspickingupnasolacrimalsecretions(鼻淚管分泌物.)

Inhumans,crocodiletearsisamedicalconditionthatcausesapersontotearupwhileeating.Crocodiletearstypicallyoccurbecauseofatemporarylossoffacialcontrolduetodamageofthefacialnerve.Specifically,whenthefacialnervegrowsagain,itdoessoincorrectlythusresultingintearsduringchewingfood.（1）Theunderlinedword"etymology"inParagraph1refersto________.A.areferencebookcontainingarticlesonvarioustopicsB.theoriginandhistoryofaparticulartermC.aprintedsheetofpaperthatarcgivenfreetoadvertiseD.theapplicationandinfluenceofanewtheory（2）Theterm"crocodiletears"________.A.isamedicalconditionthatcausesacrocodiletotearupB.becamewidelypopularasearlyasthefourthcenturyC.referstopretendedsadnessD.provedtobeonlyanassumption（3）Fromthe2007paperpublishedinBioScience,wecanknowthat________.A.crocodiliansespeciallyfeelbadaboutfeedingB.notallthe7crocodiliansdevelopedtearingC.thecrocodilianswerecarefullyobservedinsidewaterD.crocodiletearsoccurbecauseacrocodilianhissesafteriteats（4）Thepassageismainlyabout________.A.whattherealtruthisaboutcrocodiletearsB.whentheterm"crocodiletears"gotpopularinliteratureC.howresearchersmadetheexperimentoncrocodiliansD.whycrocodiletearstypicallyoccurinhumans【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，通過引用“鱷魚的眼淚”這一說法的來源、發(fā)展以及相關(guān)實驗來告訴讀者“crocodiletears”的真實含義。（1）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第一段中的“datingbackseveralcenturies”追溯到幾個世紀前；以及“Asearlyasthefourthcentury,crocodiletearsarereferencedintheliteraturewiththemeaningofinsinceresorrow.”早在公元4世紀，鱷魚的眼淚在文學作品中的意思是假慈悲，可推知，etymology和一個詞條的來源和發(fā)展相關(guān)。故選B。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Itissaidthatcrocodilesweepwhileeatingtheirhuntedanimalsbecausetheyaresad;however,thissadnessisnothonest.”是指假傷心，假慈悲。故選C。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Fiveofthe7crocodiliansdevelopedsomethingliketearsintheireyesbefore,duringorafterfeeding.”7只鱷魚中，有5只在吃食之前，之中和之后流下了眼淚，可知，并非所有的鱷魚在吃食時都會流淚。故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Theresearcherssuggestthatthesecrocodiletearsoccurbecauseacrocodilianhisses(發(fā)出嘶嘶聲)whileitcats,andthishissingforcesairthroughthespacesinthebonebehindthenoseandouttheeye,intheprocesspickingupnasolacrimalsecretions”研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)這些鱷魚的眼淚是因為它們在進食時發(fā)出的嘶嘶聲，這種聲音迫使空氣通過鼻子背后的空間從眼睛出來，在這個過程中帶出了鼻內(nèi)管分泌物，可知，作者通過對“crocodiletears”這一詞條的來源、發(fā)展以及相關(guān)實驗來告訴讀者有關(guān)“crocodiletears”的真實含義。故選A?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

NewJerseyMiddleSchoolMakesStudentsGoPhone-Free

AmiddleschoolinUnionCounty,NewJersey,isforcingitsstudentstostaydisconnectedinclass,byprohibitingcellphones.MaxsonMiddleSchoolPrincipalKevinStansburyputforwardthephonebanlastweekafterhenoticedsomemajorissuesintheschool."Ourtestscoresweredown,disciplinewasup,"hesays.Accordingtohim,studentsweretoofocusedontheirphonestopayattentiontotheirlessons.So,hepurchasedYondrpouchesfortheschool.

Yondrpouch

Whenstudentscomeintoclasseachmorning,theyplacetheirphonesinthepouch,whichisthenlockeduptight.Itcanonlybeopenedusingaspecialdeviceattheendoftheday.Thebanonmobiledevicesappliesnotjustduringclasstimebutduringbreaks,withtheonlyexceptionsbeingintimesofemergencyorincasesofstudentswhoneedsuchdevicestohelpwithdisabilities.

Eighth-graderswhospokewithNews12NewJerseysaythattheynoticedachangeinamatterofhours."It'sjustbetterforeveryonebecauseyou'llunderstandhowitfeelstogetmoreworkdoneinsteadofpayingattentiontothephone,"saysstudentCharleneV."I'musuallylisteningtomusic,buttodayIgottocommunicatewithallmyfriends,"saysstudentDesireeDuncan.

Theprogramwasoriginallymetwithresistancefromstudentsandparents,sotheprocesswasnotthatsmooth.Butteachersandadministratorssaythattheprogramwillhaveamajorimpact."Studentsweretalkingandlaughingandtherewerenocellphonesotherthanbeingcarriedinthepouches,"Stansburysays.

TeacherNiaCummingssayssheevennoticedstudentsbouncingideasoffeachotherinclass.Shesaysstudentsusedtogiveupquicklyandjustlookforanswersontheirphones.Shesaystheynowtrytofigureitoutthemselves."Everyoneissocializingandeatinglunchtogether.That'swhatIwasn'tseeingenoughofwhenphoneusagewasatitsworst,"sheadds.

MaxsonMiddleSchooliscurrentlytheonlyoneinthedistricttousethesepouches.KevinStansburyalsocalledonalltheschoolsinthecommunitythatit'sworthpayingcloseattentiontocellphoneissuesatsecondaryschoolsandtakingactionswhennecessary.（1）MaxsonMiddleSchoolputforwardthephonebanbecausestudents_____.A.weren'tfocusedonschoolworkB.werealwayslisteningtomusicC.usedphonestocheatonexamsD.stoppedtalkingwithothers（2）Whatdidthetwoeighth-graderstellthenewspaper?A.Oppositionfromstudents.B.Teamworkwithfriends.C.Dailyroutineatschool.D.Effectoftheprogram.（3）AccordingtoNiaCummings,whatchangehasthephonebanbrought?A.Studentsdiscussmoreinclass.B.Studentsfinishtheirworkontime.C.Studentsguesstheanswersthemselves.D.Studentscheckmessagesduringthebreak.（4）Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthephoneban_____.A.hasbroughtlittlechangetoteachingandlearningB.hasgainedsupportfromeverystudentandparentC.mightbecarriedoutinotherschoolsinthecommunityD.mighthavegoodinfluenceonstudents'healthconditions【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了新澤西高中實行“手機禁止”措施，以保證學生們正常的課業(yè)學習效率。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中“Accordingtohim,studentsweretoofocusedontheirphonestopayattentiontotheirlessons.”可知學生們太過于關(guān)注手機了以至于上課時無法專注，因此Maxson中學推行手機禁止計劃是因為學生們無法專注學業(yè)。故選A。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Eighth-graderswhospokewithNews12NewJerseysaythattheynoticedachangeinamatterofhours.”可知兩位八年級的同學告訴報社說，實施一段時間后他們注意到發(fā)生了改變，意在表明兩位同學對報社表達了這個項目所帶來的影響。故選D。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中“TeacherNiaCummingssayssheevennoticedstudentsbouncingideasoffeachotherinclass.”可知，NiaCummings老師甚至留意到了學生們在課堂上互相探討想法，因此根據(jù)NiaCummings說的，禁止手使用機帶來的好處是同學們在課堂上討論的更多了。故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中“KevinStansburyalsocalledonalltheschoolsinthecommunitythatit'sworthpayingcloseattentiontocellphoneissuesatsecondaryschoolsandtakingactionswhennecessary.”可知，KevinStansbury號召本社區(qū)內(nèi)的其他學校，手機使用的問題是值得關(guān)注的，有必要的時候可以采取措施。意在表明在社區(qū)內(nèi)的其他學校也可能實施手機禁止的辦法。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

Recently,peopleintheUSeducationhavegotextremelyworriedbecauseanewreporthasshownthatAmericanstudentshaveamathsproblem.

The2015ProgrammeforInternationalStudentAssessment(評估)(PISA)showsmathsscoresintheUSgettinglowerandnoimprovementinscienceorreading.PISAtests15-year-oldsfromdifferentcountriesandregionsintheirmaths,scienceandreadingskills.About540,000studentsfrom72countriesandregionstookpartintheassessmentin2015.

USscoresinreadingandsciencewereaboutthesameasthreeyearsago,leavingAmericansnearthemiddleofthebiggergroup.Butthesituationinmathsismuchmoreworrying.TheUSaveragescorewas470,belowtheOECD(經(jīng)合組織)testaverageof490,meaningtheUSwasNo.40amongthe72countriesandareas.Itwas12pointslowerthanin2012and18pointslowerthanin2009.So,whatisgoingonwithAmericanstudents'mathsskills?

OnereasonmaybethattheUSdoesnotteachmathsinenoughdepth."StudentsareoftengoodatansweringthefirstpartofaproblemintheUnitedStates,"saidAndreasSchleicher,directorofeducationandskillsatOECD."Butassoonasstudentshavetogodeeperandanswerthemorecomplicatedpartofaproblem,theyhavedifficulties."Incomparison,manyhigh-performingcountriesandregionsinmathsteachalotlessbutfocusinmuchgreaterdepth,especiallywhenyoulookatEastAsia,JapanandSingapore,accordingtoSchleicher.

AnotherreasonmaybethefactthatmanypeopleintheUSareunwillingtotraveltoforeigncountriestolearnbetterteachingpractices."OneofourbiggestchallengesintheUSisthattheteachersarenotgoingoutandseeingwhathigh-performingcountriesdodifferently,"saidWendyKopp,whostartedTeachforAmerica,inanewsprogramme.（1）Whenitcomestothe2015PISAresults,peopleintheUSeducationaremoreconcernedabout

.A.

theUSaveragescoreB.

thedifferencesfromthepreviousPISAC.

Americanstudents'performanceinmathsD.

Americanstudents'situationinscienceandreadingskills（2）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Americanstudentsarenotinterestedinsimplemathsproblems.B.Americanstudentsareunwillingtogoabroadforfurtherstudy.C.Americanmathsteachersenvyhigh-performingcountriesbetterteachingskills.D.Americanmathsteachersseldomteachstudentshowtosolvecomplicatedproblems.（3）Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.ToinformpeopleofAmericanstudents'2015PISAresults.B.ToanalysethecausesofAmericanstudents'problemswithmaths.C.TostresstheimportanceoflearningmathswelltoAmericastudents.D.TogiveAmericanmathsteacherssomeadviceonhowtoteachmaths.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了2015年P(guān)ISA評估結(jié)果顯示美國學生的數(shù)學成績較之以前有明顯下降,進而分兩方面闡述了造成這一結(jié)果的原因。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Recently,peopleintheUSeducationhavegotextremelyworriedbecauseanewreporthasshownthatAmericanstudentshaveamathsproblem.”可知美國的教育界人士最近非常擔心的是美國學生在數(shù)學上的表現(xiàn),“anewreport”指的正是下文的2015年的PISA,故選C。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“OnereasonmaybethattheUSdoesnotteachmathsinenoughdepth.”可知美國的數(shù)學教學深度不夠,導致；以及“Butassoonasstudentshavetogodeeperandanswerthemorecomplicatedpartofaproblem,theyhavedifficulties.”美國學生在復雜問題的求解上有很大的困難。故選D。（3）考查主旨大意。由PISA評估引出問題“…whatisgoingonwithAmericanstudents’mathsskills?”,美國學生的數(shù)學技能怎么樣了?接著下文的兩段分別列出了“Onereason…”和“Anotherreason…”,分析了美國學生在數(shù)學上出現(xiàn)問題的原因,故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

Manykidshelpoutaroundthehousewithchoressuchasemptyingthedishwasher,puttinglaundryaway,andtakingoutthetrash.Inexchange,somekidsgetallowancesorotherrewardssuchasextracomputertime.

Butsomepeopledonotthinkthatkidsshouldgetrewardsfordoingchores.SusieWalton,aparentingeducatorandfamilycoach,believesthatbyrewardingkids,parentsaresendingamessagethatworkisn'tworthdoingunlessyougetsomethinginreturn."Runninganykindofhouseholdisateameffort,Susiesaid."Ahomeisalivingspaceforeveryoneinthefamily.It'simportantforkidstoseethatweallhaveresponsibilitiesinthehouse,andthatfamiliesdecidetogetherhowtheywanttheirhometolook,andhowtheyaregoingtokeepitlookinglikeeveryonewantsittolook."

Otherpeoplebelievethatgettingacashallowanceorotherrewardsmotivateskidstodochores,anditalsoteachesthemrealworldlessonsabouthowweneedtoworktoearnmoney.Therearealsonewapplicationsthatgivekidspointsanddigitalgiftsthatcanberedeemed(兌取)eitheronlineorintherealworld.WiththeChoreMonsterapp,kidsearndigitalpointsbycompletingchoresthattheycanturninforreal-liferewardssuchasextraXboxtimeoratriptothemall."Ourgoalistoencouragekidstoearnrewards,"saysChrisBergman,founderofChoreMonster."Kidsneedpositivereinforcementtohelpmotivatethem."

Whatdoyouthink?Shouldkidsberewardedfordoingchores?Orshouldkidshelpoutaroundtheirhomeswithoutgettinganythinginreturn?

Writea200-wordresponse.Sendittotfkasks4you@.YourresponsemaybepublishedinafutureissueofTimeForKids.Pleaseincludeyourgradeandcontactinformationofyourparentorteacherifyouwantyourresponsetobepublished.ThedeadlineforrespondingisFebruary18.（1）Howdoestheauthorstartthepassage?A.

Bypresentingsomefacts.

B.

Bylistingsomeevidence.C.

Bycomparingdifferentviews.

D.

Bystatinghisownexperiences.（2）AccordingtoSusieWalton,

.A.

kidsshouldberewardedfordoingchoresB.

parentsdecidewhatkidscandoforthefamilyC.

kidshavetheresponsibilitytosharehouseworkD.

kidscangetextracomputertimefordoingchores（3）Paragraph3ismainlyabout

.A.

ChrisBergman'sopiniononraisingkidsB.

mainreasonswhykidsneedencouragementC.

howtomotivatekidstotrynewapplicationsD.

theadvantageofrewardingkidsfordoingchores（4）Thepurposeofwritingthetextisto

.A.

invitereaderstoexpresstheiropinionsB.

informreadersoftwodifferentopinionsC.

callonreaderstoreflectontheirbehaviorD.

presenttheauthor'sviewpointaboutparenting【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，對孩子在家里做家務到底要不得到報酬進行討論，進而要求讀者表達他們的觀點。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段可知，許多孩子在家里幫忙做家務，比如清空洗碗機，把衣服收起來，然后把垃圾拿出去。在交流中，有些孩子得到津貼或其他獎勵，如額外的計算機時間。因此作者是通過陳述事實來開始這一段文章的。故選A。{2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Susiesaid,’Ahomeisalivingspaceforeveryoneinthefamily.It'simportantforkidstoseethatweallhaveresponsibilitiesinthehouse,...‘"可知，根據(jù)SusieWalton所說，孩子們有分擔家務的責任。故選C。（3）考查段落大意。根據(jù)第三段中的”O(jiān)therpeoplebelievethatgettingacashallowanceorotherrewardsmotivateskidstodochores,anditalsoteachesthemrealworldlessonsabouthowweneedtoworktoearnmoney.“其他人認為，獲得現(xiàn)金津貼或其他報酬能激勵孩子做家務，并且它也教他們關(guān)于我們是多么需要工作賺錢這一真實世界的教訓?？芍?，第三段主要說的是獎勵孩子做家務的好處。故選D。（4）考查目的意圖。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的”Whatdoyouthink?Shouldkidsberewardedfordoingchores?Orshouldkidshelpoutaroundtheirhomeswithoutgettinganythinginreturn?“可知，寫這篇文章是邀請讀者發(fā)表意見。故選A。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷，段落大意和目的意圖四個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

ThepictureofGeorgeWashingtonisontheone-dollarbill.HeservedasAmerican'sfirstpresidentfrom1789to1797.PresidentWashingtonhasbeencalledthe"Fatherofhiscountry."

ThethirdpresidentoftheUnitedStates,ThomasJefferson,isonthetwo-dollarbill.HewasthemainwriteroftheDeclarationofindependencein1776.Jeffersonwasoneofthemostinfluentialofthenation'sFoundingFathers.Hewasalsoaplantexpert,architect,musicianandinventor.

AnotherofAmerican'sgreatestpresidents,AbrahamLincoln,isonthefive-dollarbill.Heservedasthesixteenthpresidentfrom1861until1865.HesuccessfullyledthecountrythroughtheCivilWar,savedtheUnionandendedslavery.

ThepictureofAlexanderHamiltonappearsontheten-dollarbill.Hamiltonwasneverpresident.ButhewasthefirstSecretaryoftheTreasuryandoneoftheFoundingFathers.Hewasalsoaneconomistandpoliticalphilosopher.

AndrewJacksonwastheseventhpresident,servingfrom1829to1837.Hesupportedpopulardemocracyandindividualliberty.Hispictureisonthetwenty-dollarbill.

Anotherpresidentisonthefifty-dollarbill.UlyssesS.Grantservedfrom1869to1877.Beforeservingaspresident,GrantwasmilitarycommanderofUnionforcesduringtheCivilWar.Underhiscommand,theUnionArmydefeatedConfederateforces.

Sowhodoyouthinkisontheonehundred-dollarbill?ItisBenjaminFranklin.Franklinwasneverelectedpresident,butwasoneoftheFoundingFathers.Hewasalsoaleadingwriterandprinter,politicalthinker,politician,postmaster,scientist,inventor,civilactivist,anddiplomat.

TheseAmericanstatesmenareonthefrontofthebills.Thebacksofthenotesshowimagesfromnation'shistoryorfamousplaces.Theyareinorder,theGreatSealoftheUnitedStates,thesigningofDeclarationofIndependenceandtheLincolnMemorial.TheothersaretheTreasuryBuilding,theWhiteHouse,theCapitolBuildingandindependenceHall.（1）ThedesignofthebillsshowsthatAmericansvaluestheirpeople's__________.A.

talentsinmanyways

B.

successintheircareersC.

inventionsinnewfields

D.

contributionstothecountry（2）Forhundredsofyears,thosehistoricmenonthebillsfoughtforthenation's____________.A.

economyandpower

B.

independenceanddemocracyC.

wealthandsuccess

D.

faithandglory（3）Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.

MenontheMoney

B.

theDesignofUSBillsC.

HistoryontheMoney

D.

theStoryofUSBills【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了各種面值的美元紙幣上偉大人物，以及他們對國家所做出的貢獻。（1）考查推理判斷。文章在描述每一種面值的紙幣上的人物時，都著重描寫他們對國家的作用與影響，GeorgeWashington是第一任總統(tǒng)，ThomasJefferson獨立宣言的主要起草者，AbrahamLincoln結(jié)束內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，廢除奴隸制，AlexanderHamilton第一個財政部長和開國元勛之一，AndrewJackson支持大眾民主和個人自由，BenjaminFranklin開國元勛之一，從而可判斷美國人民看重的是偉人對這個國家做出的貢獻。故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“PresidentWashingtonhasbeencalledthe‘Fatherofhiscountry.’"；第二段中的“Jeffersonwasoneofthemostinfluentialofthenation'sFoundingFathers.”及下文對美元上其他人物的介紹可知，文章中提到的這些歷史上著名的人物，無論是獨立戰(zhàn)爭，美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，還是獨立宣言的起草與簽署都反映出他們?yōu)闋幦业莫毩⑴c民主所做出的努力與犧牲。故選B。（3）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“ThepictureofGeorgeWashingtonisontheone-dollarbill.第二段中的ThethirdpresidentoftheUnitedStates,ThomasJefferson,isonthetwo-dollarbill.”及下文各段的段首句可知，本文主要描述了各種面值的美元紙幣上偉大人物，以及他們對國家所做出的貢獻。故選A。【點評】本題考點涉及推理判斷和主旨大意兩個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Childrenshoulddohousework.That'sacontroversialidea,thoughnoteveryonewilladmitit.Afewparentswilldeclarethattheirchildrenaretoobusyforhousework.Manymoreofusassignhousework,orsaywebelieveinthem,butthehouseworkjustdoesn'tgetdone.

That'saproblem.Forstarters,houseworkisgoodforkids.Beingapartoftheroutineworkofrunningahouseholdhelpschildrendevelopanawarenessoftheneedsofothers,whileatthesametimecontributingtotheiremotionalwell-being.

Onesmallstudy,doneoveraperiodof25years,foundthatthebestpredictorforyoungadultssuccessintheirmid-20swaswhethertheyparticipatedinhouseholdtasksatage3or4.Thoseearlysharedresponsibilitiesextendedtoasenseofresponsibilityinotherareasoftheirlives.

Butforallthattheirhelpmatters,fewkidsaredoingmucharoundthehouseatall.Inasurveyof1,000Americanadults,75percentsaidtheybelievedregularhouseworkmadekids"moreresponsible".Yetwhile82percentreportedhavinghadregularhouseworkgrowingup,only56percentofthosewithchildrensaidtheyrequiredthemtodohousework.

Sportsandhomeworkarenotget-out-of-housework-freecards.Thegoal,afterall,istoraiseadultswhocanbalanceacaringroleintheirfamiliesandcommunitieswithwhateverlifetimeachievementgoalstheychoose.Houseworkteachesthatbalance.

Whatshouldyoudowhengettingchildrentodohousework?Acceptnoexcuses.Don'tworryifyoumustrepeatyourselfagainandagain.Ifyou'respendingmoretimegettingthechildtodothisjobthanitwouldtaketodoityourself,thenyou'redoingitright.Cananallowancehelp?Maybe.Butifyou'retryingtoteachkidstosharetheresponsibilityofahome,payingthemforroutinehouseworkisnottherightmessage.（1）Whatismostparents'problemwithchildrendoinghousework?A.

Theyareagainsttheidea.

B.

Theyfailtoputitintopractice.C.

Theydoubtthepossibilityofit.

D.

Theyarefindingexcusesfortheirchildren.（2）Whydoestheauthormentionthesmallstudy?A.

Tostatethereasonsforearlysuccess.B.

Togiveexamplesofsomesuccessfulpeople.C.

Toprovedoinghouseworkisbeneficial.D.

Tosuggestkidstakeresponsibilityfortheirbehavior.（3）AccordingtothesurveyofAmericanadults,howmanyofthemusedtodohouseworkaschildren?A.820.B.560.C.750.D.440.（4）Whydoestheauthorwritethelastparagraph?A.Tocriticizesomeirresponsibleparents.B.Todiscusstheimpactofagoodfamilyatmosphere.C.Toadviseparentstospendmoretimewiththeirkids.D.Toofferparentssomeadviceonassigningchildrenhousework.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，作者認為孩子應該分擔家務，這不僅有利于培養(yǎng)他們的責任心，而且能提升他們的幸福感。而且家務能夠讓孩子在家庭和社區(qū)中的關(guān)愛角色與他們選擇的任何終身成就目標之間取得平衡，文章最后說明一些關(guān)于分配孩子做家務的建議。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Afewparentswilldeclarethattheirchildrenaretoobusyforhousework.Manymoreofusassignhousework,orsaywebelieveinthem,butthehouseworkjustdoesn'tgetdone.”一些父母會說他們的孩子太忙了，沒有時間做家務。我們中更多的人會分配家務，或說我們相信他們，但家務就是做不完?？芍贁?shù)家長覺得孩子學業(yè)太忙無暇做家務，但多數(shù)家長即便認為孩子該做家務，實際生活中也沒有很好地付諸實踐?？芍獙Υ蠖鄶?shù)父母來說讓孩子做家務存在的問題是他們沒有把它付諸實踐。故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thoseearlysharedresponsibilitiesextendedtoasenseofresponsibilityinotherareasoftheirlives.”那些早期共同承擔的

責任擴展到了他們生活的其他領(lǐng)域?？芍恼略诘诙谓榻B了孩子做家務的好處，第三段用一項研究具體闡釋了第二段的內(nèi)容。該研究表明，孩子幼時做家務預示著成年后較早成功，因為做家務過程中培養(yǎng)出的責任感會遷移到生活的其他方面?？芍髡咛岬窖芯渴菫榱俗C明讓孩子做家務是有益的。故選C。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Yetwhile82percentreportedhavinghadregularhouseworkgrowingup,only56percentofthosewithchildrensaidtheyrequiredthemtodohousework.”然而，82%的人稱自己在成長過程中經(jīng)常做家務，而只有56%的有孩子的人稱自己需要孩子做家務?？芍?，參與調(diào)查的1000個人中，82%的人說自己成長過程中經(jīng)常做家務，即有820人小時候做過家務。故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。最后一段中的“Whatshouldyoudowhengettingchildrentodohousework?”要讓孩子做家務時你應該做什么?，是本段的主題句，作者在本段就“如何讓孩子參與到家務事中”向家長提供了建議。可知作者寫的最后一段是給父母一些關(guān)于分配孩子做家務的建議。故選D。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Otherpeoplemayhavetheirownideasaboutourlives.Wecanvaluetheiradvice,butwedon'thavetotakeittoheart.

Ourparentshavedreamsforus.Theywantustodowellinschoolandtodowhateverisnecessarytoreachourhighestpotential(潛力).Laterinlife,friendsmaytrytosetusupwiththeirideasoftheperfectpartnerortheperfectjob.Peopleclosetousmayhaveideasabouthowweshouldliveourlives,ideasthatusuallycomefromloveandthedesireforustobehappy.Othertimes,theycomefromaplaceofneedwithinthemwhetheritisaparentwhowantsustoliveouthisorherdreamsorafriendwhowantsustoplayagoodrole.Whateverthecase,wecanappreciateandconsiderthosepeople'sadvice,butultimatelywemustfollowourownguidance.

Theremaycomeatimewhenallthesuggestionscanbecomeoverbearing(專橫的).Wemayfeelthatthepeoplewelovedon'tagreeonourjudgment,whichcanhurtourfeelings.Itcanaffectthechoiceswemakeforourlivesbymakingusdoubtourselvesbeforewe'vehadachancetodecidewhatwewant.Wecantellourlovedoneshowmuchweappreciatetheirthoughtsandideas,butthatweneedtoliveourownlivesandmakeourowndecisions.Wecanexplainthattheyneedtoletuslearnfromourownexperiences.Whentheyseethatwearehappywithourlivesandthepathwearetakingtoreachourgoals,theycanmakesurethatallweneedthemtodoistoshareinourjoy.（1）Peopleclosetousoftentellusideastoshowtheir________.A.powerB.concernC.potentialD.happiness（2）Whenafriend'sadviceisoverbearing,wemayfeel__________.A.determinedB.frightenedC.doubtfulD.grateful（3）Whatshouldwedoifwedon'tacceptourfriends'advice?A.Tellthemourchoicesdirectly.B.Letthemexperienceourwaysoflife.C.Shareourownexperienceswiththem.D.Letthemknowweshouldmakeourowndecisions.（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AppreciatingSuggestionsB.AvoidingMakingSuggestionsC.AcceptingSuggestionsD.OfferingSuggestions【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，其他人可能對我們的人生規(guī)劃有幫助，我們可以考慮他們的建議，但是我們沒必要全部放在心上。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Peopleclosetousmayhaveideasabouthowweshouldliveourlives,ideasthatusuallycomefromloveandthedesireforustobehappy.”我們身邊的人可能對我們應該如何生活有自己的想法，這些想法通常來自對我們的愛和對我們幸福生活的渴望。可推斷出我們身邊的人經(jīng)常告訴我們一些想法，來表達他們的關(guān)心，故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theremaycomeatimewhenallthesuggestionscanbecomeoverbearing(專橫的).Wemayfeelthatthepeoplewelovedon'tagreeonourjudgment,whichcanhurtourfeelings.Itcanaffectthechoiceswemakeforourlivesbymakingusdoubtourselvesbeforewe'vehadachancetodecidewhatwewant.”也許有一天，所有的建議都會變得專橫。我們可能會覺得我們愛的人不同意我們的判斷，這可能會傷害我們的感情。在我們有機會決定想要什么之前，它會讓我們懷疑自己，從而影響我們?yōu)樯钏龅倪x擇。可推斷出當朋友的建議過于專橫時，我們可能會懷疑。故選C。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Wecantellourlovedoneshowmuchweappreciatetheirthoughtsandideas,butthatweneedtoliveourownlivesandmakeourowndecisions.”可知如果我們不接受朋友的建議，我們應該讓他們知道我們要自己做決定，故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。第一段中的“Wecanvaluetheiradvice,butwedon'thavetotakeittoheart.”是全文的主題句，結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容，可知這篇文章主要講了其他人可能對我們的人生有規(guī)劃，我們可以考慮他們的建議，但是我們沒必要全部放在心上。所以這篇文章最好的題目是“欣賞建議”，故選A?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解

Yousignedupforsoccer,andplayedeverygameoftheseason.Sure,you'renotthebestplayerontheteam,butmostdaysyougaveityourall.Doyoudeserveatrophy(獎杯)?

IfthedecisionisuptoCarolDweck,theanswerwouldlikelybeno.She'sapsychologyprofessoratStanfordUniversity,California.She