【英語(yǔ)】高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解(社會(huì)文化)(一)解題方法和技巧及練習(xí)題一、高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解社會(huì)文化類1．閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

It'snotunusualtoseeanunreasonablechildlyingonthegrounddrumminghisheels.Besidehimisadesperatemotheryellingatthetopofherlungs.Raisingawell-behavedkidisreallyahead-scratchingthing.

Ifyoutookalltheparentingstylesaroundtheworldandrankedthembytheirgentleness,theInuit(因紐特人)approachwouldcertainlyranknearthetop.Allthemomsmentiononegoldenrole:Don'tshoutoryellatsmallchildren.Inuit'sno-yellingpolicyistheircentralcomponenttoraisingcool-headedkids.Thecultureviewsscolding,orevenspeakingtochildreninallangryvoice,asinappropriate,althoughlittlekidsarepushingparents'buttons.

Playful"storytelling"isanothertricktosculptingkids'behavior.Butthisstorytellingdiffershugelyfromthosefairytalesfullofmorallessons.Parents"retell"whathappenedwhenaboythrewatantrum(發(fā)脾氣)bywayofwhatShakespearewouldunderstandalltoowell:puttingona"drama".Afterthechildhascalmeddown,theparentswillreviewwhathappenedwhenthechildmisbehaved,usuallystartingwithaquestion:"Canyoushowushowtothrowatantrum?"Thenthechildhastothinkwhatheshoulddo.Ifhetakesthebaitandperformstheaction,themomwillaskafollow-upquestionwithaplayfultone.Forexample:"Doesthatseemright?"or"Areyouababy?"Sheisgettingacrosstheideathat"bigboys"won'tthrowatantrum.

Kids'brainsarestilldevelopingthecircuitryneededforself-control.Whatyoudoinresponsetoyourchildren'semotionsshapestheirbrains.Sonexttime,seeingyourboymisbehave,tryusingtheInuit'sstorytellingapproach.Anddon'tforgettokeepcool.Afterall,boyswillbeboys.（1）Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"pushingparents'buttons"underlinedinParagraph2?A.

Talkingwithparents.

B.

Playingwithparents'buttons.C.

Exposingparents'faults.

D.

Makingparentsannoyed.（2）WhatdoweknowaboutInuit's"storytelling"?A.

Itaimsatplayingatrickonkids.

B.

Itraiseskids'awarenessofmorality.C.

Itcomesafterachildmisbehaves.

D.

ItanalyzesShakespeare'sdramas.（3）What'stheauthor'sattitudetochildren'smisbehavior?A.

Cautious

B.

Tolerant

C.

Uncaring

D.

Skeptical（4）What'sthemainideaofthetext?A.

Inuit'sapproachtoparenting.

B.

Valuesofreadingliteraryworks.C.

Causesofchildren'smisbehavior.

D.

Parents'responsesto"storytelling".【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，因紐特人教育孩子的方式最溫柔，介紹了因紐特人教育孩子的黃金規(guī)則“不對(duì)小孩叫喊”以及他們塑造孩子行為的一種方式“講故事”，讓我們時(shí)刻記住孩子做錯(cuò)事的時(shí)候要保持冷靜。（1）考查詞義猜測(cè)。劃線詞組所在句子為讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，"although（即使）"前后句是相反關(guān)系。句意為：這種文化認(rèn)為訓(xùn)斥孩子，或者以生氣的口吻對(duì)孩子說(shuō)話都是不合適的，即使小孩子讓家長(zhǎng)生氣的時(shí)候也是這樣。故選D。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的"Parents"retell"whathappenedwhenaboythrewatantrum(發(fā)脾氣)bywayof…"可知，家長(zhǎng)講述的是小男孩發(fā)脾氣時(shí)所發(fā)生的事情。也就是說(shuō)故事內(nèi)容就是小孩子做錯(cuò)的事情。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Anddon'tforgettokeepcool.Afterall,boyswillbeboys.不要忘記保持冷靜。畢竟，孩子就是孩子。"可知，作者認(rèn)為小孩子犯錯(cuò)時(shí)，家長(zhǎng)要寬容孩子的錯(cuò)誤，不能對(duì)孩子要求太高。故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。文章主要通過(guò)講述因紐特人溫柔地教育孩子的方式，讓我們對(duì)如何教育孩子有所啟發(fā)。故選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)，推理判斷和主旨大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

Academiclearningisusuallyinthespotlightatschool,butteachingelementary-agestudents“soft”skillslikeself-controlandhowtogetalongwithothersmighthelptokeepat-riskkidsoutofcriminaltroubleinthefuture.

OnceaprogramcalledFastTrackwasstartedintheearly1990sformorethan7,600childrenof55schoolsinAmerica.Theywereidentifiedbytheirteachersandparentstobeathighriskfordevelopingaggressivebehavioralproblems.Thestudentswererandomlydividedintotwogroups;halftookpartintheintervention,whichincludedateacher-ledcurriculum,parenttraininggroups,academictutoringandlessonsinself-controlandsocialskills.Theprogram,whichlastedfromfirstgradethrough10thgrade,reduceddelinquency(少年犯罪),arrestsanduseofhealthandmentalhealthservicesasthestudentsagedthroughadolescenceandyoungadulthood.

Inanotherlateststudy,bylookingatthedatafromnearly900studentsinpreviousfindings,researchersfoundthataboutathirdoftheinfluenceonfuturecrimeoutcomeswasduetothesocialandself-regulationskillsthestudentslearnedfromages6to11.

Theacademicskills,orhardskillslikelearningofphysics,whichweretaughtaspartofFastTrack,turnedouttohavelessofaninfluenceoncrimeanddelinquencyratesthandidthesoftskills,whichareassociatedwithemotional(情緒的)intelligence.Softskillsmightincludeteachingkidstoworkcooperativelyinagrouporteachingthemhowtothinkaboutthelong-termconsequenceswhentheymakeadecision.

Researchersdrewtheconclusionthatthesesoftskillsshouldbeemphasizedevenmoreinoureducationsystemandinoursystemofsocializingchildren.Parentsshoulddoalltheycantopromotetheseskillswiththeirchildrenasshouldeducationpolicymakers.Totheextentwecanimprovethoseskills,wecanimproveoutcomesindelinquency.（1）FastTrackwasintendedforchildrenwho

.A.

wererandomlychosenfromtheirschools

B.

hadsomeproblemswithacademiclearningC.

oftenwentagainsttheirteachersandparents'wishes

D.

wereconsideredtohavecriminaltroubleinthefuture（2）Whatcanbelearnedabout"theintervention"inParagraph2?A.

Itincludedallthestudents.

B.

Itfocusedonsocialskills.C.

Itimprovedhealthservices.

D.

Ithadpositiveoutcomes.（3）Comparedwithsoftskills,hardskills

.A.

almosthavenoinfluenceonstudents

B.

aremoreaffectedbystudents'emotionC.

aremainlyrelatedtoacademiclearning

D.

offerchildrengreaterself-controlabilities（4）Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.

SoftSocialSkillsMatter

B.

FastTrackHelpsChildrenC.

HowtoPreventDelinquency

D.

WhattoDOforEducation【答案】（1）D（2）D（3）C（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，講述的是軟社交技能的重要性。(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Academiclearningisusuallyinthespotlightatschool,butteachingelementary-agestudents‘soft’skillslikeself-controlandhowtogetalongwithothersmighthelptokeepat-riskkidsoutofcriminaltroubleinthefuture.可知，F(xiàn)astTrack是為那些在未來(lái)被認(rèn)為有犯罪問(wèn)題的兒童準(zhǔn)備的。故選D。(2)考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thestudentswererandomlydividedintotwogroups;halftookpartintheintervention,whichincludedateacher-ledcurriculum,parenttraininggroups,academictutoringandlessonsinself-controlandsocialskills.”學(xué)生被隨機(jī)分為兩組；一半的人參與了theintervention，其中包括教師主導(dǎo)的課程、家長(zhǎng)培訓(xùn)小組、學(xué)術(shù)輔導(dǎo)以及自我控制和社交技巧方面的課程。由此推知?jiǎng)澗€詞的意思是“輔導(dǎo)”，故選D。(3)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“Theacademicskills,orhardskillslikelearningofphysics,whichweretaughtaspartofFastTrack,turnedouttohavelessofaninfluenceoncrimeanddelinquencyratesthandidthesoftskills,whichareassociatedwithemotional(情緒的)intelligence.”可知，與軟技能相比，硬技能主要與學(xué)術(shù)學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)。故選C。(4)考查主旨大意。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Researchersdrewtheconclusionthatthesesoftskillsshouldbeemphasizedevenmoreinoureducationsystemandinoursystemofsocializingchildren.”可知，本文講述的是軟社交技能的重要性。故選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷，詞義猜測(cè)和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇社會(huì)類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

Here'saselectionoffestivalsfortouriststotheUnitedStatesinsummer.SanFranciscoSilentFilmFestival

Filmsatthisoddcinematiceventhaveavarietyofmusicalaccompaniments,includingpianoandviolin.Itincludessomeclassicsilentmovies.Ifyouwanttoseethemall,youcanbuyafestivalpass.May29toJune1;www.silentUnionStreetFestival

Thispopularstreetfairstretchesoutoversixblocksofthecity,inthefashionableshoppingareaofUnionStreet.Thisyear,there'sbeer,wine,biscuitstastingandmoreseparatethemes-fashion,cuisine,tech,local,craft,andhealthandfitness.

June7to10;

NorthBeachFestival

ThisisSanFrancisco'soldeststreetparty,withliveentertainment,deliciousfoodandartsandcrafts.SituatedintheLittleItalydistrict,knownforitsassociationswiththe“BeatGeneration”,festivalgoersareguaranteedplentyofgoodItalianfood.Thereisalsoasthe“blessingoftheanimals”,aSanFranciscotraditionwhichtakesplaceattheNationalShrineofSaintFrancisofAssisi(610VallejoStreet)at2pmonbothdaysofthefestival.

June14to16;

SternGroveFestival

ThisistheoldestfreesummerartsfestivalofitskindintheUnitedStates.Itincludesawidevarietyofacts,fromthelocalsymphonyorchestratowellknownartistssuchasSmokeyRobinson.

SundaysfromJune22toAug24;（1）Whichofthefollowingfestivalscontainsthemostthemes?A.

UnionStreetFestival.

B.

SanFranciscoSilentFilmFestival.C.

NorthBeachFestival.

D.

StemGroveFestival.（2）HowisNorthBeachFestivaldifferentfromtheotherfestivals?A.

Festivalgoerscanenjoyfoodinit.

B.

Itlaststheshortesttime.C.

Ithasthelongesthistoryoffood.

D.

Someforeigncultureispresentedinit.（3）WhencanyouenjoytheoldestartsfestivalintheUnitedStates?A.

SaturdaysinJuly.

B.

SaturdaysinMay.

C.

SundaysinMay.

D.

SundaysinJuly.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了美國(guó)旅游時(shí)的夏季盛會(huì)，即三藩無(wú)聲電影節(jié)、聯(lián)合大街節(jié)、北灘節(jié)和斯特恩格羅夫節(jié)。(1)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)UnionStreetFestival部分中的“Thisyear,there'sbeer,wine,biscuitstastingandmoreseparatethemes-fashion,cuisine,tech,local,craft,andhealthandfitness.”可知，今年有啤酒、葡萄酒、餅干品嘗和時(shí)尚、美食、科技、地方、工藝、健康和健身等多個(gè)主題?？芍xA。(2)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)NorthBeachFestival可知，時(shí)間是從June14to16，只有3天。SanFranciscoSilentFilmFestival（May29toJune1）4天；UnionStreetFestival（June7to10）4天；SternGroveFestival（SundaysfromJune22toAug24）時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)。故選B。(3)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)SternGroveFestival部分中的“ThisistheoldestfreesummerartsfestivalofitskindintheUnitedStates.”中，時(shí)間在SundaysfromJune22toAug，故選D。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并結(jié)合題目要求，選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

"Ouraimistotakeourarttotheworldandmakepeopleunderstandwhatitistomove,"saidDavidBelle,thefounderofparkour.

Doyouloverunning?Itisagoodexercise,yetmanypeoplefinditboring.Butwhatifmakingyourmorningjogacreativeone?Likejumpingfromwallsandovergaps,andgroundrolls?JustlikeJamesBondinthemovieCasinoRoyale?Bondjumpsdownfromarooftoawindowsillandthenrunsseveralblocksoverobstaclesontheway.ItisjustbecauseofBond'swonderfulperformancesthatthesporthasbecomepopularworldwide.

Yes,that'sparkour,anextremestreetsportaimedatmovingfromonepointtoanotherasquicklyaspossible,gettingoverallthebarriersinthepathusingonlytheabilitiesofthehumanbody.Parkourisconsideredanextremesport.Asitsparticipantsdasharoundacity,theymayjumpoverfences,runupwallsandevenmovefromrooftoptorooftop.

Parkourcanbejustasexcitingandcharmingasitsounds,butitsparticipantsseeparkourmuchmorethanthat.

Overcomingalltheobstaclesonthecourseandinlifeispartofthephilosophybehindparkour.Thisisthesameaslife.Youmustdetermineyourdestination,gostraight,jumpoverallthebarriersasifinparkourandneverfallbackinyourlife,toreachthedestinationsuccessfully.Aparkourloversaid,"Iloveparkourbecauseitsphilosophyhasbecomemylife,mywaytodoeverything."

Anotherphilosophywe'velearntfromparkourisfreedom.Itcanbedonebyanyone,atanytime,anywhereintheworld.Itisakindofexpressionoftrustinyourself.（1）Parkourhasbecomepopularthroughouttheworldbecauseof

.A.itsfounder,DavidBelleB.thevarietiesofparticipantsC.itsrisksandtricksD.thefilm,CasinoRoyale（2）Theunderlinedword"obstacles"inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto"

".A.streetsB.objectsC.roofsD.barriers（3）Whichofthefollowingisthephilosophyofparkour?A.Sportsandextremes.B.Determinationandfreedom.C.Dreamsandsuccess.D.Excitementandpopularity.（4）Whichofthefollowingistrueofparkour?A.Itisateamsport.B.Itisagoodbutboringsport.C.Itneedsspecialtraining.D.Itchallengeshumanabilities.【答案】（1）D（2）D（3）B（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了跑酷運(yùn)動(dòng)的起源、特點(diǎn)和此運(yùn)動(dòng)蘊(yùn)含的哲理。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的‘’JustlikeJamesBondinthemovieCasinoRoyale?Bondjumpsdownfromarooftoawindowsillandthenrunsseveralblocksoverobstaclesontheway.ItisjustbecauseofBond'swonderfulperformancesthatthesporthasbecomepopularworldwide.”可知因?yàn)镴amesBond在電影CasinoRoyale中的精彩跑酷表演使得這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)在全世界流行，故選D。（2）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第三段中的“that'sparkour,anextremestreetsportaimedatmovingfromonepointtoanotherasquicklyaspossible,gettingoverallthebarriersinthepathusingonlytheabilitiesofthehumanbody.”可知跑酷的目的是盡可能快地從一個(gè)地方移動(dòng)到另一個(gè)地方，利用人體的能力越過(guò)道路上的所有障礙。畫線部分overobstaclesontheway.與gettingoverallthebarriersinthepath意思一致，指跨越路上的障礙。obstacles與barriers同義，故選D。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的“Overcomingalltheobstaclesonthecourseandinlifeispartofthephilosophybehindparkour.Thisisthesameaslife.Youmustdetermineyourdestination,gostraight,jumpoverallthebarriers”可知跑酷蘊(yùn)含的哲理是決心；第六段中的“Anotherphilosophywe'velearntfromparkourisfreedom.”可知蘊(yùn)含的另一個(gè)哲理是自由。故選B。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Parkourisconsideredanextremesport.”；第四段中的“Parkourcanbejustasexcitingandcharmingasitsounds.”可知跑酷是極限運(yùn)動(dòng)，像聽起來(lái)那樣刺激和迷人。因此它挑戰(zhàn)人類的能力。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

Climatechangeisperhapsthekeyissueofourtime.Often,however,itispresentedtousasbeingsoabstractthatitseemsimpossiblydistant.Forthoseofyoulookingforsomethingalittlemoreconcrete,anewreportsuggeststhattheeffectsofclimatechangemaysignificantlyaffectcoffee.

Thereport,putoutbyTheClimateInstitute,describestheeffectsofclimatechangeonvariouscoffee-growingnationsandtheresultanteffectsontheplantsandthosewhogrowthem.

CoffeeArabicaplants,whichproduce70%ofallcommercialcoffee,canbeadverselyaffectedbyevenahalf-degreechangeintypicalweatherconditions.Thissensitivitytotemperatureputstheplantatincreasedriskoftheeffectsofclimatechange.

InCentralAmericatheaveragetemperaturehasrisenbyafulldegreeCelsiussince1960.InEthiopiatheaveragetemperaturehasincreasedby1.3degrees.Thisincreaseisenoughtohavenotableeffectsontheplants.InTanzaniatheproductivityperhectareofcoffeehasfallenbyhalfsincethe1960sduetochangesintemperature.

Indeed,studiesclaimthatby2050theareaoftheworldsuitableforgrowingcoffeewillbecutbyhalf.Coffeeproductionislikelytothenbepushedtohigherelevations(海拔)totakeadvantageoflowertemperatures,butthiswillnotbeenoughtomakeupforlostlowlandareas.

Coffeeisthesecondmosttradedgoodsbydevelopingnations,andtheinabilityofproducernationstoexportitcouldcausedramaticchainreactionsintheireconomies.Millionsofpeoplemakealivingintheproduction,processing,transport,andsaleofcoffee;theirlivelihoodswouldstandtotakeablowasgrowingareasdecreaseandpricesrise.

Asthetemperaturekeepsrising,yourcupofcoffeewillbecomemuchmoreexpensive,anditmayalsocarryanaftertastebittererthanusual,forallthoseworkersinthecoffeebeltleftwithoutthemeanstomakealivingasconditionsworsen.Notonlythat,buttheeconomiceffectswillcosttheWestmillionsinincreasedforeignaid.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"adversely"inParagraph3mostprobablymean?A.

slightly

B.

temporarily

C.

harmfully

D.

gradually（2）Whywillpeoplehavetogrowcoffeeinhighlandareas?A.

Toadapttothechangeoftemperature.

B.

Toincreasethequalityoftheproducts.C.

Toreducethecostofcoffeeproduction

D.

Togetaccesstowatersupplymoreeasily.（3）Whatconclusioncanwedrawfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.

Therichwillgetricherandthepoorpoorer.B.

Smallchangesmayhavelargeeffectsingeneral.C.

Developedcountriesoughttoaidpoorcountries.D.

Coffeetradewilleventuallydisappearintheworld.（4）Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthefutureofcoffeeproduction?A.

Cautious.

B.

Worried.

C.

Unconcerned.

D.

Hopeful.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）B（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，一份新的報(bào)告表明，氣候變化的影響可能會(huì)顯著影響咖啡。到2050年，世界上適合種植咖啡的面積將減少一半?？Х犬a(chǎn)業(yè)的變化會(huì)對(duì)社會(huì)造成很多影響。（1）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thissensitivitytotemperatureputstheplantatincreasedriskoftheeffectsofclimatechange.”這種對(duì)溫度的敏感性增加了植物受到氣候變化影響的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。由此推斷出，上文的意思是阿拉比卡咖啡的產(chǎn)量占所有商業(yè)咖啡的70%，在典型的天氣條件下，即使氣溫只上升了半度，也會(huì)對(duì)其產(chǎn)生不利影響。"adversely"意思是有害的，故選C。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的“Coffeeproductionislikelytothenbepushedtohigherelevationstotakeadvantageoflowertemperatures,butthiswillnotbeenoughtomakeupforlostlowlandareas.”咖啡生產(chǎn)很可能會(huì)被推到更高的海拔，以利用更低的溫度，但這將不足以彌補(bǔ)失去的低地地區(qū)。由此推斷出，人們要在高地地區(qū)種植咖啡是為了適應(yīng)溫度的變化，故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Coffeeisthesecondmosttradedgoodsbydevelopingnations,andtheinabilityofproducernationstoexportitcouldcausedramaticchainreactionsintheireconomies.”咖啡是發(fā)展中國(guó)家的第二大貿(mào)易商品，而生產(chǎn)國(guó)無(wú)法出口咖啡，可能會(huì)在其經(jīng)濟(jì)中引發(fā)巨大的連鎖反應(yīng))和最后一段中的“Notonlythat,buttheeconomiceffectswillcosttheWestmillionsinincreasedforeignaid.”不僅如此，其經(jīng)濟(jì)影響還將使西方國(guó)家在增加對(duì)外援助方面損失數(shù)百萬(wàn)美元。由此推斷出，這些小的變化也可能產(chǎn)生大的影響，故選B。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“anewreportsuggeststhattheeffectsofclimatechangemaysignificantlyaffectcoffee.”一份新的報(bào)告表明，氣候變化的影響可能會(huì)顯著影響咖啡。和第五段中的“Indeed,studiesclaimthatby2050theareaoftheworldsuitableforgrowingcoffeewillbecutbyhalf.”事實(shí)上，研究表明，到2050年，世界上適合種植咖啡的面積將減少一半。由此推斷出，作者對(duì)咖啡生產(chǎn)的未來(lái)很擔(dān)憂，故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇社會(huì)類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

WhydosomanyAmericansdistrustwhattheyreadintheirnewspapers?TheAmericanSocietyofNewspaperEditorsistryingtoanswerthispainfulquestion.Theorganizationisdeepintoalongself-analysisknownasthejournalismcredibilityproject.

Sadtosay,thisprojecthasturnedouttobemostlylow-levelfindingsaboutfactualerrorsandspellingandgrammarmistakes,combinedwithlotsofhead-scratchingpuzzlementaboutwhatintheworldthosereadersreallywant.

Butthesourcesofdistrustgowaydeeper.Mostjournalistslearntoseetheworldthroughasetofstandardpatternsintowhichtheyreporteachday'sevents.Inotherwords,thereisatraditionalstorylineinthenewsroomculturethatprovidesabackboneandaready-madenarrativestructureforotherwiseconfusingnews.

Thereexistsasocialandculturaldisconnectbetweenjournalistsandtheirreaders,whichhelpsexplainwhythe"standardpatterns"ofthenewsroomseemforeigntomanyreaders.Inarecentsurvey,questionnairesweresenttoreportersinfivemiddle-sizecitiesaroundthecountry,plusonelargemetropolitanarea.Thenresidentsinthesecommunitieswerephonedatrandomandaskedthesamequestions.

RepliesshowthatcomparedwithotherAmericans,journalistsaremorelikelytoliveinupscaleneighborhoods,havemaids,ownMercedeses,andtradestocks,andthey'relesslikelytogotochurch,dovolunteerwork,orputdownrootsinacommunity.

Reporterstendtobepartofabroadlydefinedsocialandculturalelite(精英),sotheirworktendstoreflectthetraditionalvaluesofthiselite.Thealarmingdistrustofthenewsmediaisn'trootedininaccuracyorpoorreportorialskillsbutinthedailyconflictofworldviewsbetweenreportersandtheirreaders.

Thisisanexplosivesituationforanyindustry,particularlyadecliningone.Hereisatroubledbusinessthatkeepshiringemployeeswhoseattitudesvastlyannoythecustomers.Thenitsponsorslotsofsymposiums(討論會(huì))andacredibilityprojectdevotedtowonderingwhycustomersareannoyedandfleeinginlargenumbers.Butitneverseemstogetaroundtonoticingtheculturalandclassprejudicesthatsomanyformerbuyersarecomplainingabout.Ifitdid,itwouldopenupitsdiversityprogram,nowfocusednarrowlyonraceandgender,andlookforreporterswhodifferbroadlybyoutlook,values,education,andclass.（1）Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.

Needsofthereadersallovertheworld.B.

Causesofthepublicdisappointmentaboutnewspapers.C.

Originsofthedecliningnewspaperindustry.D.

Aimsofajournalismcredibilityproject.（2）Theresultsofthejournalismcredibilityprojectturnedouttobe______.A.

quitetrustworthy

B.

somewhatconflicting

C.

veryinformative

D.

rathershallow（3）Thebasicproblemofjournalistsaspointedoutbythewriterliesintheir______.A.

workingattitude

B.

traditionallifestyleC.

worldoutlook

D.

educationalbackground（4）Despiteitsefforts,thenewspaperindustrystillcannotsatisfythereadersowingtoits______.A.

failuretorealizeitsrealproblem

B.

tendencytohireannoyingreportersC.

likelinesstodoinaccuratereporting

D.

prejudiceinmattersofraceandgender【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）C（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，為了解釋為什么大眾不信任報(bào)紙信息，專門做了一個(gè)叫新聞可信度項(xiàng)目，結(jié)果卻是相當(dāng)?shù)媚w淺，大眾對(duì)報(bào)刊的不信任不在于單詞拼寫錯(cuò)誤，語(yǔ)法不對(duì)，而是新聞?dòng)浾吆推胀ㄗx者之間世界觀的沖突。（1）考查主旨大意。本文主要講述，為了解釋為什么大眾不信任報(bào)紙信息，專門做了一個(gè)叫新聞可信度項(xiàng)目，結(jié)果卻是相當(dāng)?shù)媚w淺，大眾對(duì)報(bào)刊的不信任不在于單詞拼寫錯(cuò)誤，語(yǔ)法不對(duì)，而是新聞?dòng)浾吆推胀ㄗx者之間世界觀的沖突，因此本文解釋了大眾不信任報(bào)紙的原因，故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Sadtosay,thisprojecthasturnedouttobemostlylow-levelfindingsaboutfactualerrorsandspellingandgrammarmistakes,”可知，很悲傷的是，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目結(jié)果卻是很多膚淺的發(fā)現(xiàn)，比如事實(shí)性的錯(cuò)誤，單詞拼寫和語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤等，因此可知，作者對(duì)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的結(jié)果很失望，覺得發(fā)現(xiàn)很膚淺，故選D。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Thealarmingdistrustofthenewsmediaisn'trootedininaccuracyorpoorreportorialskillsbutinthedailyconflictofworldviewsbetweenreportersandtheirreaders.”可知，對(duì)新聞媒體不信任不在于信息的不準(zhǔn)確和匱乏，而是記者和讀者之間世界觀的沖突，故選C。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Butitneverseemstogetaroundtonoticingtheculturalandclassprejudicesthatsomanyformerbuyersarecomplainingabout.”可知，新聞媒體似乎沒有抽出時(shí)間去關(guān)注文化和階級(jí)的偏見，而這些問(wèn)題是之前很多讀者就一直在抱怨的，故可知，報(bào)刊行業(yè)依然沒有讓人滿意在于沒有認(rèn)真去關(guān)注問(wèn)題，故選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇社會(huì)文化類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行分析推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

RayTokuda,a54-year-oldJapaneseAmerican,isproudofthetitlehisschoolhasgivenhim.HeisaShifu,aChinesewordliterallymeaningamaster,mentororseniorpractionerofmartialarts.

Tokudahasreasontobeproud.HehasbeeninvolvedwithChinesemartialartsforalmostfourdecades.AfterlearningthematthemartialartsschoolinNewMexicoState,todayheisamongthemostexperiencedkungfuteachersoftheschool.

PracticingmartialartstwotothreehoursandhelpingstudentsimprovetheirskillshavebecomeTokuda'sdailyroutine.Heexpectstopracticeandteachmartialartsfortherestofhislife."I'mstilllearning.It'sworthmorethanalifetimetolearnChinesemartialarts,"hesaid."OnceIstarted,Ijustcouldn'tstop.Ithinkit'salsothemagicofChineseculture."

Tokudawassenttothemartialartsschoolwhenhewas10.Hestillremembershowunwillinghewaswhenstartingout."MyfatherhadalwayswantedtolearnChinesemartialartsbutnevergotthechance,soheputhiskidin,"hesaid."IwassoafraidatthattimebecauseIthoughtkungfuwasallaboutfighting."

Butthingschangedafterhelearnedthatmartialartsweremorethanpunchingandkicking.

"Oneofthethingsmartialartsteachmeisovercomingadversity,"Tokudasaid."Asalittlekid,myfirstlessonwaslike,oh,look,thisisathingthatIcangetthroughbydiligence,perseverance（毅力）anddedication,andthatwaspricelessformylife."

LearningChinesemartialartsopenedagatewayforhimtobetterunderstandChineseculturebecausehecouldhearalotofancientChinesekungfu-relatedstories."ItislikeinAmerica,wherewehearstoriesaboutknightsinshiningarmorandKingArthurandnobledeedsdone,"hesaid."IfeelmartialartspreservesomethingofancientChinathatcan'tbefoundinbooks.Theyaresortofanoralhistory."

TokudahasalsobeeninvitedtovariouseventsinhishomestatetoshowcasetraditionalChineseculture,includingthedragondanceandliondance,whichhealsolearntatthemartialartsschool.Becauseofthis,heisnowconsideredaculturalenvoy(使者)intheeyesofthepublic.（1）Tokudadidn'twanttolearnkungfubecausehehadthoughtitwas__________.A.

practical

B.

magical

C.

violent

D.

difficult（2）Fromthepassage,whatcanwelearnaboutTokuda?A.

Helearntmartialartsfromhisfather.B.

Heisthefounderofthekungfuschool.C.

Helearntfrommartialartshowtodealwithdifficulties.D.

Heisthemostexperiencedkungfuteacherofhisstate.（3）WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeTokuda?A.

Modestandfriendly.

B.

Devotedandpersevering.C.

Talentedandhumorous.

D.

Motivatedandconsiderate.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，功夫讓一位日裔美國(guó)人成為中國(guó)文化使者，幫助傳播中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化——武術(shù)。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“IwassoafraidatthattimebecauseIthoughtkungfuwasallaboutfighting.”可知，那時(shí)，Tokuda以為功夫就是打斗。故選C。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第六段中的"‘Oneofthethingsmartialartsteachmeisovercomingadversity,’Tokudasaid.‘Asalittlekid,myfirstlessonwaslike,oh,look,thisisathingthatIcangetthroughbydiligence,perseverance（毅力）anddedication,andthatwaspricelessformylife.’”Tokuda認(rèn)為，武術(shù)教他的一件事就是克服逆境，從而可以推斷出他從武術(shù)中學(xué)會(huì)了如何處理困難。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Tokudahasreasontobeproud.HehasbeeninvolvedwithChinesemartialartsforalmostfourdecades.”Tokuda從事中國(guó)武術(shù)近40年，可以推斷他的堅(jiān)持；第三段中的“PracticingmartialartstwotothreehoursandhelpingstudentsimprovetheirskillshavebecomeTokuda'sdailyroutine.Heexpectstopracticeandteachmartialartsfortherestofhislife.”幫助學(xué)生提高他們的技能已經(jīng)成為Tokuda每天的例行公事，他希望在他的余生中練習(xí)和教授武術(shù)，可以推斷他對(duì)自己事業(yè)的熱愛與奉獻(xiàn)。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文