【英語】高一英語試卷英語閱讀理解(教育文化)題分類匯編含解析一、高中英語閱讀理解教育文化類1．閱讀理解

Bynowyou'veprobablyheardaboutthe"you'renotspecial"speech,whenEnglishteacherDavidMcCulloughtoldgraduatingseniorsatWellesleyHighSchool:"Donotgettheideayou'reanythingspecial,becauseyou'renot."Mothersandfatherspresentattheceremony一andawholelotofotherparentsacrosstheInternet—tookissuewithMcCullough'sego-puncturing(傷自尊的)words.Butlostintheuproar(喧囂)wassomethingwereallyshouldbetakingtoheart:ouryoungpeopleactuallyhavenoideawhetherthey'reparticularlytalentedoraccomplishedornot.Inoureagernesstoelevatetheirself-esteem,weforgottoteachthemhowtorealisticallyassesstheirownabilities,acrucialrequirementforgettingbetteratanythingfrommathtomusictosports.Infact,it'snotjustprivilegedhigh-schoolstudents:wealltendtoviewourselvesasaboveaverage.

Suchinflatedself-judgmentshavebeenfoundinstudyafterstudyandit'softenexactlywhenwe'releastcompetentatagiventaskthatwerateourperformancemostgenerously,ina2006studypublishedinthejournalMedicalEducation,forexample,medicalstudentswhoscoredthelowestonanessaytestwerethemostcharitableintheirselfevaluations,whilehigh-scoringstudentsjudgedthemselvesmuchmorestrictly.Poorstudents,theauthorsnote,"lackinsight"intotheirowninadequacy.Whyshouldthisbe?Anotherstudy,ledbyCornellUniversitypsychologistDavidDunning,offersanenlighteningexplanation.Peoplewhoareincompetent,hewriteswithcoauthorJustinKruger,sufferfroma“dualburden":they'renotgoodatwhattheydo,andtheirveryclumsinesspreventsthemfromrecognizinghowbadtheyare.

InDunningandKruger'sstudy,subjectsscoringatthebottomontestsoflogic,grammarandhumor-extremelyoverestimated''theirtalents.Althoughtheirtestscoresputtheminthe12thpercentile(百分位數)theyguessedtheywereinthe62nd.Whattheseindividualslacked(inaddition9clearlogic,propergrammarandasenseofhumor)was"metacognitiveskill"thecapacitytomonitorhowwellthey'reperforming.Intheabsenceofthatcapacity,thesubjectsarrivedatanoverlyhopefulviewoftheirownabilities.There'saparadoxhere,theauthorsnote:Theskillsthatleadtocompetenceinaparticulardomainareoftentheverysameskillsnecessarytoevaluatecompetenceinthatfield?Inotherwords,togetbetteratjudginghowwellwe'redoingatanactivity,wehavetogetbetterattheactivityitself.

Thereareacoupleofwaysoutofthisdoublebind.First,wecanlearntomakehonestcomparisonswithothers.Trainyourselftorecognizeexcellence,evenwhenyouyourselfdon'tpossessit,andcomparewhatyoucandoagainstwhattrulyexcellentindividualsareabletoaccomplish.Second,seekoutfeedbackthatisfrequent,accurateandspecific.Findacriticwhowilltellyounotonlyhowpoorlyyou'redoing,butjustwhatitisthatyou'redoingwrong.AsDunningandKrugernote,successindicatestousthateverythingwentright,butfailureismoreambiguous:anynumberofthingscouldhavegonewrong.Usethisexternalfeedbacktofigureoutexactlywhereandwhenyouscrewedup.

Ifweadoptthesestrategies—andmostimportantly,teachthemtoourchildren—theywon'tneedparents,oracommencement(畢業(yè)典禮)speaker,totellthemthatthey'respecial.They'llalreadyknowthattheyare,orhaveaplantogetthatway.（1）Theauthorthinkstherealproblemisthat

.A.norequirementissetupforyoungpeopletogetbetterB.wealwaystendtoconsiderourselvestobeprivilegedC.wedon'tknowwhetherouryoungpeoplearetalentedornotD.youngpeopledon'tknowhowtoassesstheirabilitiesrealistically（2）Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthosehigh-scoringstudents

A.knowhowtocultivateclearlogicandpropergrammarB.tendtobeverycompetentintheirhigh-scoringfieldsC.don'tviewthemselvesascompetentbecausetheyknowtheirlimitsD.don'tknowhowwelltheyperformduetotheirstrictself-judgement（3）Thestrategiesofbecomingspecialsuggestthat

.A.weneedinternalhonestywithourselvesandexternalhonestyfromothersB.thebestwaytogetbetteristocarefullystudypastsuccessandfailureC.throughcomparisonwithothers,onewillknowwhereandwhenhefailsD.neitherparentsnoracommencementspeakercantellwhetheroneisspecial（4）Whichcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?A.TipOnMakingOurselvesMoreSpecialB.Let'sAdmitThatWeAreNotThatSpecialC.SpecialorNot?TeachKidsToFigureItOutD.TellTheTruth:KidsOverestimatetheirTalents【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，是特殊或者不是？我們要教會孩子理解它。作者認為真正的問題是年輕人不知道如何現實地評估自己的能力。想要變得特別，我們需要對自己誠實和他人對我們的誠實。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據第一段中的“Butlostintheuproar（喧囂）wassomethingwereallyshouldbetakingtoheart:ouryoungpeopleactuallyhavenoideawhetherthey'reparticularlytalentedoraccomplishedornot.Inoureagernesstoelevatetheirself-esteem,weforgottoteachthemhowtorealisticallyassesstheirownabilities”,可知作者認為人們應該在喧囂之后記?。含F在的年輕人不知道他們究竟有沒有天賦，其根本原因是他們不知道如何實際地評估自己的能力。故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據第二段中的“sufferfroma“dualburden":they'renotgoodatwhattheydo,andtheirveryclumsinesspreventsthemfromrecognizinghowbadtheyare.”得低分的學生遭受著雙重負擔，即他們不擅長自己所做的，并且他們的笨拙讓他們無法意識到自己有多差。由此可推斷，得高分的學生擅長自己所作的。故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據倒數第二段中的“First,wecanlearntomakehonestcomparisonswithothers.和Findacriticwhowilltellyounotonlyhowpoorlyyou'redoing,butjustwhatitisthatyou'redoingwrong.”可知我們要學會誠實地將自己和他人進行比較，也需要一個人將我們做的不好的，以及做錯了什么如實相告。由此可推測變得特別的策略表明我們需要對自己誠實，也需要別人對我們誠實。故選A。（4）考查主旨大意。根據最后一段“Ifweadoptthesestrategies—andmostimportantly,teachthemtoourchildren—theywon'tneedparents,oracommencement(畢業(yè)典禮)speaker,totellthemthatthey'respecial.They'llalreadyknowthattheyare,orhaveaplantogetthatway.”可知教會了孩子文中提到的策略，孩子就可以知道他們自己是否特別，或者已經在變得特別的路上。故選C。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上，進一步根據上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

Whyisitthatmanypeoplewhohavesufferedamajorshock,suchasdivorceordeathofafamilymember,seemtobeweakeragainstavarietyofmajorandminorillness?Onecommonideaamongpsychologistshasbeenthatpeoplecoulddealwithsufferingmoreeffectivelyiftheywereabletounderstandandacceptit.Indeed,manyexpertsstressthevalueofexpressingthoughtsandfeelingsconnectedwithupsettingevents.

Recently,ateamofmedicalresearchersstudiedthelinksbetweendescribingpsychologicallypainfuleventsandlong-termhealth.Inoneexperimenthealthycollegestudentswereaskedtowriteabouteitherpersonallydisturbingexperiencesorordinarytopicsoveraperiodoffourdays.Inthemonthsafterwards,studentswhohadchosentoshowtheirinnerthoughtsandfeelingsintheirwritingvisitedthehealthcenterforillnessmuchlessoftenthanthosewhohadwrittenabouteverydaytopics.

Inanexperimentthatfollowed,anothergroupofhealthystudentsweregiventhefour-daywritingexercises.Somechosetowriteabouthighlypersonalandupsettingexperiences(includingloneliness,problemswithfamilyandfriends,andhealth).Whenquestionedimmediatelyafterwards,theysaidthattheydidnotfeelanybetter.However,theirbloodsamples(樣本)takenbeforeandaftertheexperimentshowedevidenceofanimprovedresistancetoillness.Thewhitecellsthatfightoffbacteriaandviruseshadincreasedtheirreactionandsensitivitytothese"invaders".Thistrendcontinuedoverthefollowingsixweeks,whenanotherbloodsamplewastaken.Individualswhoshowedthebestresultswerethosewhowroteabouttopicsthattheyhadactivelykeptfromtellingothersabout.

Theresearcherssuggestedthatfailuretofaceuptopainfulexperiencecanbeaformofstressitself,andcanincreasethepossibilityofillness.Itfollows,then,thatactivelydealingwithamajorshockmakespossibleitsunderstandingandacceptance.Theanswerisnottosufferinsilence.Itmaynotalwaysbepossibletotalkaboutpersonalproblems,butwritingthemdownwillhelpthebodytofightdiseaseinthelongrun.（1）Inthefirstexperiment,thestudentswhowroteaboutpainfulevents________.A.startedtosufferpsychologicalproblemsB.enjoyedsharingtheirinnerthoughtandfeelingsC.werelesslikelytoseektreatmentforsicknessD.couldn'tdealwithsufferingeffectively（2）Peoplewhowroteaboutpersonalproblemsinthesecondexperiment________.A.hadmorebacteriaandvirusesintheirbloodB.haddecreasedfeelingsoflonelinessC.showedanimprovedwhitecellreactionD.didbetterintheirwritingtasks（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"invaders"referto?A.Thewhitecells.B.Bacteriaandviruses.C.Resistancetoillness.D.Thereactionandsensitivityofthecells.（4）Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.SufferingandHealthB.InnerThoughtsandFeelingsC.IllnessandHealthD.MentalIllnessandSocialAcceptance【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，心理學的研究表明，如果人們能夠理解并接受痛苦，人們就能更有效地應對它。許多專家認為將與令人不安的事件有關的思想和情感表達出來是十分重要的。不能面對痛苦的經歷本身就可能是某種形式的壓力，也會增加患病的可能性。所以從長遠來看，不要默默忍受，說出來或者寫出來將有助于身體對抗疾病。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據第二段中的“Inthemonthsafterwards,studentswhohadchosentoshowtheirinnerthoughtsandfeelingsintheirwritingvisitedthehealthcenterforillnessmuchlessoftenthanthosewhohadwrittenabouteverydaytopics.”可知，在隨后的幾個月里，那些選擇在寫作中表達自己內心想法和感受的學生，比那些寫過日常話題的人更少去看病。故選C。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據第三段中的“However,theirbloodsamples(樣本)takenbeforeandaftertheexperimentshowedevidenceofanimprovedresistancetoillness.Thewhitecellsthatfightoffbacteriaandviruseshadincreasedtheirreactionandsensitivitytothese‘invaders’.”可知，在第二個實驗中寫下了個人問題的人顯示他們的白細胞對細菌和病毒的反應和敏感性增強了。故選C。（3）考查詞義猜測。根據第三段中的“Thewhitecellsthatfightoffbacteriaandviruses…”可知，白細胞是用來對抗細菌和病毒的，因此these"invaders"指的就是細菌和病毒這些“入侵者”。故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。本文開頭提出觀點，如果人們能夠理解并接受痛苦，人們就能更有效地應對它。然后通過兩個實驗證明，將內心的感受通過說或者寫的方式表達出來從長遠看會有助于身體對抗疾病。因此本文關注的話題是情感經歷和健康的關系問題。選A?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇健康類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上，進一步根據上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

Canyouimagineaworldwithoutmusic?Studiesshowthatpublicschoolsacrossthecountryarecuttingbackonmusicclassestosavemoney.Evenworse,someschoolshaveneverhadmusicclassestobeginwith.Butwithoutthem,students'academic(學術的)growthandspiritualhealthcouldsuffer.Infact,musicclassesarenecessaryforallstudentsinschools.

RecentstudiesBrownUniversityhaveshownthatstudentswhoreceivedmusiceducationclasseswerebetterinmathandreadingskillsthanthosewithoutmusicclasses.AnotherstudybyTheCollegeBoardfoundthatstudentstakingmusicandartclassesgothigherpoints.Students'academicsuccessseemstodependontheirtakingpartinmusiceducation.

Musicprogramsinpublicschoolsalsohelptoaddtoastudent'ssenseofprideandself-confidence.Teenstodayhavetoomanylearningtasks.Besides,theyhavefamilyproblems,self-confidenceproblems,relationshiptroubles,andchoicesaboutsmokeandalcohol(酒精).Allofthesecanstopacademicsuccess,butmusiceducationcanhelp.AstudybyTheTexasCommissiononDrugandAlcoholAbusefoundthatstudentswhotookpartinschoolmusicprogramswerelesslikelytoturntosmoke.Musicprogramsencouragestudentstoworktogethertoproduceanexcellentperformance.

Musiccrosseslanguage,classandculture.Musicallowsstudentsfromdifferentcountriestoconnect.Forexample,ataschooltalentshow,anewJapanesestudentplayedapianoduet(二重奏)withanAmericanclassmate.Twostudentsfromdifferentculturesworkedasateamwithself-confidenceandcommonpurposethroughmusic.

Thegiftofmusicispriceless.Weneedtobesuretohavenecessarymusicclassesforallstudents.Theworldislosingitsmusic,andputtingmusicintoschoolsisthefirststeptogetitback.（1）Thetwostudiesseemtoshowthat________.A.studentswithgreatsuccessattendmusiclessonsB.musicclassesplayanimportantroleinstudents'growthC.notallstudentscouldhavemusicclassesatschoolD.studentswhohavemusicclassesdobetterinallsubjects（2）TheexampleinParagraph4mainlysuggeststhat________.A.musicmakescross-culturalcommunicationpossibleB.differentcultureshavedifferentstylesofmusicC.JapanhasagoodrelationshipwithAmericaD.JapaneseandAmericanstudentsaregoodatplayingthepiano（3）Whatcanwelearnabouteducationwithmusicclasses?A.Itallowsschoolstomakemoremoney.B.Itcancausealotofacademicproblems.C.Itwillaffecttheworldculturalcommunicationgreatly.D.Itdoesgoodtostudents'academicsuccessandspiritualhealth.（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheImportanceofMusicClassesinSchoolB.Music—ABridgetoUnderstandingC.StudiesonMusicEducationD.HowtoGetMusicBack【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，研究表明，全國各地的公立學校正在削減音樂課，以節(jié)省開支。但作者認為學生的學業(yè)成績似乎取決于他們是否參加音樂教育；音樂課程也有助于增強學生的自豪感和自信心，音樂跨越語言、階級和文化。音樂使來自不同國家的學生相互聯系。作者提出需要確保所有學生都參加必要的音樂課。（1）考查推理判斷。根據第二段中的“Students'academicsuccessseemstodependontheirtakingpartinmusiceducation.”學生的學業(yè)成績似乎取決于他們是否參加音樂教育。上音樂課對學生的學業(yè)有幫助，故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據第四段中的“Twostudentsfromdifferentculturesworkedasateamwithself-confidenceandcommonpurposethroughmusic.”兩個來自不同文化背景的學生作為一個團隊通過音樂自信、有共同目標在一起合作。一個是日本學生，一個美國的學生，借由音樂而合作、交流。故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據第二段中的“Students'academicsuccessseemstodependontheirtakingpartinmusiceducation.”學生的學業(yè)成績似乎取決于他們是否參加音樂教育；第三段中的”Musicprogramsinpublicschoolsalsohelptoaddtoastudent'ssenseofprideandself-confidence.”公立學校的音樂課程也有助于增強學生的自豪感和自信心。兩處結合，可以推斷出音樂即可以有助于學生的學業(yè)成績，又可以有益于學生的心理健康，故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。根據第一段中的“Butwithoutthem,students'academic(學術的)growthandspiritualhealthcouldsuffer.Infact,musicclassesarenecessaryforallstudentsinschools.”但是，沒有他們（音樂），學生的學業(yè)提高和精神健康可能會受到影響。事實上，音樂課是學校所有學生所必需的。作者認為音樂課是重要的，這是文章的主旨，故選A?！军c評】本題考點涉及推理判斷和主旨大意兩個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要根據上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

Mostparentsrealizethatadietofsodaandcandyisn'tahealthychoice,butwhatshouldtheydoiftheirchildrenarepickyeaterswhorefusefruitandvegetables?Therearewaystohelpkidseathealthilyandavoidinvolvingmanyfightsatthedinnertable.

JaneE.BrodywroteanarticleforTheNewYorkTimesinAugust2015.ThearticledtitleisAnotherApproachtoRaisingHealthyEaters.Inthisarticle,shesharesherexperienceasachildwhowasapickyeater.Sheprovidessomeusefulviewsforparentswhohavechildrenthatareverypickyaboutwhatfoodstheywilleat.

Itturnsoutthatdemanding(要求)thatachildeatsomethingdoesn'treallyworkwell.Thecommandto"cleanyourplate"canendupteachingchildrenthatitisnormaltocontinueeatingaftertheirstomachisfull.Thishabitmaycontinueintoadulthoodandcanleadtooverweightbodiesorfooddisorders.

Instead,parentscantryothermethodsthatmightactuallyinfluencetheirchildrentotrynewfoods.Oneverysimplemethodistoofferyourchildrenasmallamountofnewlyintroducedfood.Alargeamountcanseemintimidating(令人生畏的).Oneortwobitesmightfeelless"scary"totry.

Anotherreallyeasythingparentscandoistoreadtheingredients(成分）onfoodinstructions.Youmightbesurprisedbythekindsoffoodthathavesomeformofsugaraddedtothem.Onewaytobeahealthiereateristoreducetheamountofsugarapersoneats.Readtheingredientlabels,andpickaproductthatdoesn'thaveextrasugaradded.Startmakingyourowntypeofyourchild'sfavoritefoodsathomeinsteadofbuyingprocessed(加工過的)ones.Considerorganicfoodsoverthepopular,well-knownfoodsthatarefullofsugar.

Sometimes,allittakestogetachildtoeathealthilyistoofferafoodinadifferentway.Kidsthathaterawcauliflower(菜花)mighteatitafterthevegetableisroasted.Itispossibletoturnaheadofcauliflowerintorice.Itlooksthesameandyourchildmaynotnoticethedifferencebetweenitandrealrice.（1）WhatdoweknowaboutJaneE.Brody?A.Shewroteabooktohelpkidseathealthily.B.HerarticleforTheNewYorkTimeswaswritteninwinter.C.Shesharedsomemethodswithparentshavingpickychildren.D.Herexperienceasapickyeateroncemadeherparentsannoyed.（2）Thecommandofcleaningone'splateusually_____.A.doesn'tworkatallB.leadstochildren'sstomachacheC.endsupwithchildren'shatingeatingD.getschildrenintoabadeatinghabit（3）Whatcanparentsdoiftheywanttheirchildrentotryanewfood?A.Offerasmallamountofit.B.Giveallofthefoodtothem.C.Tellthemtheingredientsinit.D.Reducetheamountofsugarinit.（4）Whichofthefollowingcanhelpyourkidbecomeahealthyeater?A.Makinghimeatupallfood.B.Onlyeatingorganicfoods.C.Buyingprocessedfoods.D.Eatinglesssugar.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，為父母提供了一些方法可以幫助挑食的孩子們吃得健康，避免在餐桌上發(fā)生爭吵。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據第二段中的“Inthisarticle,shesharesherexperienceasachildwhowasapickyeater.Sheprovidessomeusefulviewsforparentswhohavechildrenthatareverypickyaboutwhatfoodstheywilleat.”可知，她在自己的書中和有挑食的孩子的父母分享了一些方法，故選C。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據第三段中的“Thecommandto‘cleanyourplate’canendupteachingchildrenthatitisnormaltocontinueeatingaftertheirstomachisfull.Thishabitmaycontinueintoadulthood,andcanleadtooverweightbodiesorfooddisorders.”可知，清空盤子的指令最終可能會教導孩子們在他們的肚子飽了之后繼續(xù)吃東西，這種習慣延續(xù)到成年可能導致身體超重或飲食失調。故選D。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據第四段中的“Oneverysimplemethodistoofferyourchildrenasmallamountofnewlyintroducedfood.Alargeamountcanseemintimidating(令人生畏的).Oneortwobitesmightfeellessscarytotry.”可知，父母想讓孩子嘗試一種新食物，應該給他們一次提供較少的份量。故選A。（4）考查細節(jié)理解。根據第五段中的“Onewaytobeahealthiereateristoreducetheamountofsugarapersoneats.”可知，成為一個更健康的飲食者的一個方法是減少一個人吃的糖的量。故選D?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并結合題目要求，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

Organicfood(有機食品)isverypopular.Itisalsoexpensive.Someorganicfoodcoststwiceasmuchasnon-organicfood.Someparentsandpetownerspayupto200percentmorefororganicfoodwhilesomepeoplethinkorganicfoodisawasteofmoney.

Thereisonemaindifferencebetweenorganicandnonorganicfood.Organicfarmsdonotuseagriculturalchemicals,suchaspesticides(殺蟲劑).Thismakessurethattheproductsarenatural.

Somepeoplethink"organic"means"locallygrown".Atthebeginning,thiswastrue.Overtimeorganicfarmingbecamemoredifficult.Thedemandfororganicfoodgrewlargerthanthesupply.Smallcompanieshadtosellouttolargecompanies.Thereweren'tenoughorganicmaterials.Thismadeitdifficultformanyorganiccompaniestostayinbusiness.Today,manylargecompanieshaveanorganiclineofproducts.

Isorganicfoodmorenutritious(有營養(yǎng)的)?Thisispartofthedebate.Manyfarmersandconsumers(消費者)believeitis.Theythinkagriculturalchemicalscausehealthproblems,suchascancer.Manyhealthexpertsdisagree.Fewstudiesprovethatorganicfoodpreventshealthproblems.Healthexpertsworrymoreaboutbacteria(細菌).Thesecancomeintocontactwithorganicandnon-organicfood.Doctorsrecommendwashingproduceverycarefully.

Mostpeopleagreethatnaturallygrownfoodtastesbetter.Istastierfoodworththeextramoney?Thisisamatterofopinion.Whetheritishealthierornotmayrequiremoreresearch.However,organicconsumersargueitisbettertobesafethansorry.（1）Whatisprobablythemajorconcern(關注)oforganicfoodconsumers?A.Price.B.Safety.C.Freshness.D.Variety.（2）Whatisthedoctors'suggestion?A.Growyourownfood.B.Reducetheuseofpesticides.C.Makesurethefoodisclean.D.Buylargecompanies'products.（3）Whichofthefollowingdomostpeopleagreeonorganicfood?A.Ittastesbetter.B.Itiseasiertogrow.C.Itcontainsmorefat.D.Itismorenutritious.（4）Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A.Ahealthmagazine.B.Amedicalreport.C.Achemistrypaper.D.Amenuofarestaurant.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，講述了人們在有機食物的價格，有機食物是否更有營養(yǎng)等方面持有不同的觀點。（1）考查推理判斷。根據最后一段中的“However,organicconsumersargueitisbettertobesafethansorry.”可知，有機食品消費者們認為安全總比后悔好，所以愿意為了安全花更多的錢。故選B。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據第四段中的“Doctorsrecommendwashingproduceverycarefully.”可知，醫(yī)生建議要非常細心的清洗農產品。故選C。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據最后一段中的“Mostpeopleagreethatnaturallygrownfoodtastesbetter.”可知，大多數人同意自然生長的食物（即有機食品）味道更好。故選A。（4）考查推理判斷?？v觀全文可知，本文介紹了有機食物的有關信息，并提到了人們對于其營養(yǎng)，價格等方面的不同意見，屬于飲食、健康方面的文章。故選A?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇健康類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Everybodysleeps,butwhatpeoplestayuplatetocatchorwakeupearlyinordernottomissvariesbyculture.Fromdatacollected,itseemsthethingsthatcauseustolosethemostsleep,onaverage,aresportingevents,timechanges,andholidays.

Russia'slatenightsandearlymorningsgenerallycorrespond(相一致)topublicholidays.OnNewYear'sEve,Russianshavetheworld'slatestbedtime,hittingthehayataround3:30a.m.RussiansalsogetupanhourlateronInternationalWomen'sDay,thedayfortreatingandcelebratingfemalerelatives.

Similarly,Americans'latenights,latemornings,andlongestsleepfallonthree-dayweekends.

CanadagottheleastsleepoftheyearthenightitbeatSwedenintheOlympichockey(冰球)final.

TheWorldCupisalsochieflyresponsibleforsleepdeprivation.TheworstnightforsleepintheU.K.wasthenightoftheEngland-ItalymatchonJune14.Britishpeoplestayedupahalf-hourlatertowatchit,andthentheywokeupearlierthanusualthenextmorningthankstosummernights,thephenomenoninwhichthesunbarelysetsinnortherncountriesinthesummertime.Thatwasnothing,though,comparedtoGermans,Italians,andtheFrench,whostayeduparoundanhourandahalflateronvariousdaysthroughoutthesummertowatchtheWorldCup.

Itshouldbemadeclearthatnoteveryonehasatooltorecordtheirsleeppatterns;insomeofthesenations,it'slikelythatonlytherichestpeopledo.Andpeoplewhoselecttotracktheirsleepmaytrytogetmoresleepthantheaverageperson.Evenifthat'sthecase,theabovefindingsarestillstriking.Ifthemosthealth-conscious(注重健康的)amongushavesuchdeepswings(明顯改變)inoursleeplevelsthroughouttheyear,howmuchsleeparetherestofuslosing?（1）WhatdowelearnabouttheRussiansregardingsleep?A.Theydon'tfallasleepuntilverylate.B.Theydon'tsleepmuchonweekends.C.Theygetlesssleeponpublicholidays.D.Theysleeplongerthanpeopleelsewhere.（2）Theunderlinedword"deprivation"inthelastparagraphbutonemeans_______.A.depressionB.troubleC.observationD.loss（3）Whydosomerichpeopleuseatooltorecordtheirsleeppatterns?A.Theywanttogetmoresleep.B.Theyhavetroublefallingasleep.C.Theyareinvolvedinasleepresearch.D.Theywanttogotobedonregularhours.（4）Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?A.Itisimportanttostudyoursleeppatterns.B.Fewpeoplereallyknowtheimportanceofsleep.C.Sleeplessnessdoesharmtopeople'shealth.D.Averagepeopleprobablysleepmorethantherich.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，人們熬夜或早起的原因各不相同。從收集到的數據來看，體育賽事、時間改變、假期等因素讓我們失去最多的睡眠。這個數據令人震驚，然而卻幾乎沒人意識到睡眠對我們是多么的重要。（1）考查推理判斷。根據第二段中的“Russia'slatenightsandearlymorningsgenerallycorrespondtopublicholidays.OnNewYear'sEve,Russianshavetheworld'slatestbedtime,hittingthehayataround3:30a.m.”在公共假日，俄羅斯人通常熬夜和早起。除夕之夜，俄羅斯人有了世界上最遲的就寢時間，大約凌晨3點30分睡覺?？芍?，俄羅斯人在公共假期睡的非常少。故選C。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據倒數第二段中的“TheworstnightforsleepintheU.K.wasthenightoftheEngland-ItalymatchonJune14.Britsstayedupahalf-hourlatertowatchit,andthentheywokeupearlierthanusualthenextmorning”接著講述世界杯期間，英國人比平常晚睡半小時又比平常早起，可知由于世界杯賽時很多人的睡眠少了，即世界杯是造成英國人睡眠不足的主要原因?？赏浦猻tayedupahalf-hourlatertowatchit,…wokeupearlierthanusualthenextmorning和loss關系。故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。根據最后一段中的“….noteveryonehasatooltorecordtheirsleeppatterns;insomeofthesenations,it'slikelythatonlytherichestpeopledo.Andpeoplewhoselecttotracktheirsleepmaytrytogetmoresleepthantheaverageperson.”不是每個人都有記錄睡眠模式的工具；在這些國家中，可能只有最富有的人才會這樣做。選擇跟蹤自己睡眠的人可能會試圖比普通人睡得更多。可知，一些富人使用工具來記錄他們的睡眠模式就是為了比一般人睡的多點。故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。根據最后一段中的“Evenifthat'sthecase,though,theabovefindingsarestillstriking.Ifthemosthealth-consciousamongushavesuchdeepswingsinourshut-eyelevelsthroughouttheyear,howmuchsleeparetherestofuslosing?”盡管如此，上述發(fā)現仍然令人震驚。如果我們當中最有健康意識的人一年中的睡眠水平有如此劇烈的波動，那么我們其余的人會失去多少睡眠呢？可推斷出，很少有人意識到睡眠的重要性，故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及詞義猜測和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇健康類閱讀，要求考生根據上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Speakingofchildren--whatchilddoesn'tliketojumparoundandactsillysometimes?Monkeysarealsoknownforactingsilly.So,whenkidsactup,parentsorteachersmaytellthemtostopmonkeyingaround.Itmeanstodothingsthatarenotusefulorserious,ortosimplywastetime.

Now,intheUnitedStates,childrendonotusuallyhavemonkeysaspets,buttheydooftenhavedogs.Anddogsmakemostchildrenfeelhappy.Butforsomereason,weuse"dog"inaphrasethatmeanstofeelunwell.Ifyouareassickasadog,youarereallysickandwillmostlikelystayhomefromworkorschool.

Besides,dogsandcatsarealsofavoritepetshereintheStates.Thisnextphrasecombinescatsandsecretstomakeaverycommonexpression.Let'ssayyouknowasecret,abigsecret.Andlet'ssayyoutellittopeople.Youhavejustletthecatoutofthebag!Thisidiommeansrevealing(揭示)asecretortellingfactsthatwerepreviously(先前)unknown.

Ifyouletthecatoutofthebag,youspoilasurprise.So,ifyourfriendisplanningabigsurprisebirthdayforanotherfriend,don'tletthecatoutofthebagbyaccidentallysayingitinfrontofthebirthdaygirl.Eventhoughthisisaverycommonidiom,theoriginof"toletthecatoutofthebag"isalsounknown.

Ifyouaredoinganoutdooractivity--suchashikinginthewoods,orhavingapicnicinapark--whataresomethingsthatmaydisturbyourgoodtime?Badweathercould.Andsocouldbugs!Crawlingpestslikeants,andflyingoneslikemosquitoes,couldmakeyourexperienceuncomfortableorannoying.

So,whenwebugpeoplewebotherthemsomuchthatweaffecttheirgoodtime.Thiscommonexpressionisoftensaidasacommand:"Stopbuggingme!"（1）Accordingtothepassage,"monkeyingaround"isconsidered___