2025年英語專業(yè)四級閱讀理解專項訓練試卷：詞匯運用重點解析考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______PartIReadingComprehensionDirections:Beloweachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Choosethebestoptionthatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswerbyblackeningthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.1.Despitetheinitial_______fromsomestakeholders,theimplementationofthenewcurriculumhasbeenlargelysuccessfulinfosteringcriticalthinkingskillsamongstudents.A)resistanceB)approvalC)delayD)confirmation2.Thearchaeologist'sfindings_______along-heldtheoryaboutthecivilization'smigrationpatterns,suggestingamorecomplexjourneythanpreviouslyassumed.A)supportedB)contradictedC)clarifiedD)validated3.Herresearchpaperpresentsanuancedanalysisoftheeconomic_______resultingfromtheglobaltradetensions,emphasizingthedisproportionateimpactondevelopingnations.A)prosperityB)fluctuationsC)collaborationD)stability4.Thephilosopherarguedthattrueunderstandingrequiresnotjusttheacquisitionoffacts,butthe_______tosynthesizeinformationandformindependentjudgments.A)capabilityB)reluctanceC)resistanceD)hesitancy5.Thenovel'sprotagonistundergoesasignificant_______throughoutthenarrative,movingfromastateofdisillusionmenttoarenewedsenseofpurpose.A)transformationB)deteriorationC)conservationD)stagnation6.Manyenvironmentalscientistscontendthatthecurrentrateofdeforestationposesanexistential_______tobiodiversityandecosystemstability.A)benefitB)threatC)contributionD)correlation7.Thediplomaticsummitaimedto_______theescalatingtensionsbetweenthetwonationsandexplorepotentialavenuesforcooperation.A)exacerbateB)mitigateC)perpetuateD)acknowledge8.Hisexplanationforthecomplexphenomenonwasbotheruditeandaccessible,providingaclear_______forwhathadinitiallyseemedinexplicable.A)rationaleB)speculationC)ambiguityD)contradiction9.Thegovernment'spolicyshifthas_______considerabledebateamongeconomistsregardingitslong-termfiscalimplications.A)elicitedB)suppressedC)ignoredD)amplified10.Theoldmanuscript,_______withannotationsinvarioushands,offeredarareglimpseintotheauthor'screativeprocess.A)interspersedB)embellishedC)supplementedD)accompaniedPartIIReadingComprehensionDirections:Inthissection,youwillreadthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.PassageOneTheconceptof"digitalnatives"versus"digitalimmigrants"hasbeenwidelyusedtodescribetheperceivedgenerationaldivideintechnologicaladoption.Proponentsofthisdichotomyarguethatindividualsbornafterthewidespreadadoptionofdigitaltechnologyinherentlypossessadifferentsetofskillsandattitudestowardstechnologycomparedtothosewhoexperienceditassomethingnew.Critics,however,contendthatthisframeworkoversimplifiesthecomplexrealityoftechnologyintegrationacrossdifferentagegroups.Theypointoutthattechnologicalproficiencyisnotsolelydeterminedbyagebutisheavilyinfluencedbyfactorssuchasaccesstotechnology,educationalopportunities,andindividualmotivation.Furthermore,therapidevolutionoftechnologymeansthat"digitalimmigrants"canandoftendoacquiresophisticateddigitalskillsovertime.Understandingthesenuancesiscrucialfordevelopingeffectivedigitalliteracyprogramsthatcatertodiverselearningstylesandbackgrounds,ratherthanrelyingonpotentiallymisleadinggenerationalstereotypes.11.Whatisthemainpointofthepassage?A)Digitalimmigrantsareunabletoadapttonewtechnologies.B)Thedigitalnative/digitalimmigrantdichotomyisanoversimplification.C)Educationalopportunitiesarethekeyfactorintechnologyadoption.D)Digitalliteracyprogramsshouldfocusonlyondigitalnatives.12.Accordingtothepassage,whatisakeycriticismofthedigitalnative/digitalimmigrantconcept?A)Itignorestheroleofindividualmotivation.B)Itonlyappliestocertainprofessions.C)Itassumestechnologystopsevolving.D)Itdoesnotacknowledgetechnologicalproficiencyinoldergenerations.13.Theword"perceived"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)experiencedB)discussedC)believedD)defined14.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutdigitalliteracyprograms?A)Theyshouldexclusivelytargetdigitalimmigrants.B)Theyshouldfocusongenerationaldifferences.C)Theyshouldbetailoredtoindividualcircumstances.D)Theyshouldreplacedigitalnativeswithdigitalimmigrants.15.Thepassageindicatesthattechnologicalproficiencydependson:A)ageandbirthyearB)access,education,andmotivationC)thespeedoftechnologyevolutionD)whetheroneisanativeoranimmigrantPassageTwoTheproliferationofsocialmediaplatformshasfundamentallyalteredthewayinformationisdisseminatedandconsumed.Whiletheseplatformsofferunprecedentedopportunitiesforconnectionandcommunication,theyalsopresentsignificantchallengestothecultivationofcriticalthinkinganddiscernment.Theeasewithwhichmisinformationcanspreadthroughsocialnetworks,oftenamplifiedbyalgorithmsdesignedtomaximizeengagementratherthanaccuracy,posesaseriousthreattoinformedpublicdiscourse.Furthermore,theconstantexposuretocuratedandoftenidealizedrepresentationsoflifecanfosterunrealisticexpectationsandcontributetofeelingsofinadequacyorsocialcomparisonamongusers.Navigatingthiscomplexdigitallandscaperequiresindividualstodeveloparobustsetofmedialiteracyskills.Thisincludestheabilitytoevaluatethecredibilityofsources,recognizebiasesandpersuasivetechniques,andunderstandthenuancesofonlinecommunication.Educationalinitiativesaimedatfosteringtheseskillsareessentialforempoweringindividualstoengagewithsocialmediaresponsiblyandmitigateitspotentialnegativeimpacts.16.Whatistheprimaryconcernraisedbytheauthorregardingsocialmedia?A)Theplatformsaretooexpensivetooperate.B)Theyhinderface-to-faceinteractions.C)Thespreadofmisinformationanditseffects.D)Socialmediaplatformsaredesignedexclusivelyforcommerce.17.Accordingtothepassage,whycanmisinformationspreadquicklyonsocialmedia?A)Usersareinherentlygullible.B)Algorithmsprioritizeengagementoveraccuracy.C)Socialmediaplatformslackregulation.D)Peopledonottakethetimetoverifyinformation.18.Thephrase"cultivatedanddiscernment"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)encouragedandunderstandingB)nurturedandjudgmentC)practicedandconfusionD)developedandacceptance19.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutidealizedrepresentationsonsocialmedia?A)Theyprovidevaluablerolemodels.B)Theyarealwaysbasedonfactualinformation.C)Theycannegativelyimpactself-esteem.D)Theyareprimarilyintendedformarketingpurposes.20.Thepassagesuggeststhatfosteringmedialiteracyskillsisimportantbecause:A)socialmediaplatformsarebecomingincreasinglycomplex.B)individualsneedtoprotecttheirprivacyonline.C)ithelpspeopleengagewithsocialmediamoreresponsibly.D)itensuresthatusersonlyaccessaccurateinformation.PassageThreeIntherealmofenvironmentalpolicy,theconceptof"externalities"referstothecostsorbenefitsthataffectapartywhodidnotchoosetoincurthatcostorbenefit.Traditionally,marketsoftenfailtoaccountfornegativeexternalities,suchaspollution,leadingtooutcomeswherethesocialcostofproductionorconsumptionexceedstheprivatecostbornebytheproducerorconsumer.Thismarketfailureresultsinoverproductionandoverconsumptionofgoodsthatgeneratenegativeexternalities,creatinga"tragedyofthecommons"wheresharedresourcesaredepletedordegraded.Conversely,positiveexternalities,likethebenefitsofeducationorvaccination,areoftenunderprovisionedbythemarketbecauseindividualsorfirmsdonotcapturethefullsocietalbenefitoftheiractions.Governmentsandpolicymakersplayacrucialroleinaddressingthesemarketfailuresthroughvariousinterventions.Thesecanincludeimplementingregulations,征稅(taxation)onactivitiesthatgeneratenegativeexternalities,providingsubsidiesorincentivesforactivitiesthatgeneratepositiveexternalities,andinternalizingtheexternalcostsorbenefitsintomarketdecisions.Bydoingso,environmentalpolicycanaimtocorrectinefficientmarketoutcomesandpromoteamoresustainableallocationofresources.21.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A)Governmentsshouldcompletelyregulateallmarkets.B)Externalitiesareakeyreasonformarketfailures.C)Taxationisthemosteffectiveenvironmentalpolicytool.D)Positiveexternalitiesalwaysoutweighnegativeones.22.Theword"incur"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)causeB)avoidC)bearD)benefitfrom23.Accordingtothepassage,whathappenswhennegativeexternalitiesarenotaccountedforinmarkets?A)Thepriceofgoodsincreasessignificantly.B)Socialcostsarelowerthanprivatecosts.C)Resourcesareallocatedmoreefficiently.D)Producersbearallthecostsofproduction.24.Thephrase"tragedyofthecommons"inthesecondparagraphrefersto:A)theunequaldistributionofresourcesB)theoveruseordepletionofsharedresourcesC)thehighcostofmaintainingpublicfacilitiesD)thefailureofcollectiveaction25.Whatisapotentialinterventionmentionedbytheauthorforaddressingpositiveexternalities?A)Imposingstrictfinesonpolluters.B)Providingsubsidiesorincentives.C)Encouragingprivateownershipofresources.D)Reducingtaxesonconsumergoods.---試卷答案PartIReadingComprehension1.A解析思路：句意意為“盡管一些利益相關(guān)者最初表示反對，但新課程的實施在培養(yǎng)學生批判性思維能力方面大體上是成功的”。空格處需要一個表示“反對”的詞。A)resistance(反對，抵制)符合句意。B)approval(批準，認可)與句意相反。C)delay(延遲)意思不符。D)confirmation(確認，證實)意思不符。故選A。2.B解析思路：句意意為“考古學家的發(fā)現(xiàn)挑戰(zhàn)了關(guān)于該文明遷徙模式的長期理論，表明其旅程比先前假設的更為復雜”?？崭裉幮枰粋€表示“挑戰(zhàn)，反駁”的詞。A)supported(支持)與句意相反。B)contradicted(與...矛盾，反駁)符合句意。C)clarified(澄清)意思不符。D)validated(使有效，證實)與句意相反。故選B。3.B解析思路：句意意為“她的研究論文對全球貿(mào)易緊張局勢產(chǎn)生的經(jīng)濟波動進行了細致的分析，強調(diào)了其對發(fā)展中國家的不成比例的影響”。空格處需要一個表示“波動”的詞。A)prosperity(繁榮)與句意不符。B)fluctuations(波動，起伏)符合句意。C)collaboration(合作)意思不符。D)stability(穩(wěn)定)與句意相反。故選B。4.A解析思路：句意意為“這位哲學家認為，真正的理解不僅需要獲取事實，還需要具備綜合信息并形成獨立判斷的能力”。空格處需要一個表示“能力”的詞。A)capability(能力，才能)符合句意。B)reluctance(不情愿)意思不符。C)resistance(反對，阻力)意思不符。D)hesitancy(猶豫，遲疑)意思不符。故選A。5.A解析思路：句意意為“小說的主人公在整個敘述過程中經(jīng)歷了巨大的轉(zhuǎn)變，從一種幻滅感轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐环N重獲目標感”。空格處需要一個表示“轉(zhuǎn)變”的詞。A)transformation(轉(zhuǎn)變，變化)符合句意。B)deterioration(惡化，變壞)與句意相反。C)conservation(保護，保存)意思不符。D)stagnation(停滯，不發(fā)展)與句意相反。故選A。6.B解析思路：句意意為“許多環(huán)境科學家認為，當前森林砍伐的速度對生物多樣性和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定構(gòu)成生存威脅”?？崭裉幮枰粋€表示“威脅”的詞。A)benefit(利益，好處)與句意相反。B)threat(威脅，危險)符合句意。C)contribution(貢獻)意思不符。D)correlation(關(guān)聯(lián)，相關(guān)性)意思不符。故選B。7.B解析思路：句意意為“這次外交峰會旨在緩解兩國之間不斷升級的緊張局勢，并探討合作的可能性”?？崭裉幮枰粋€表示“緩解”的詞。A)exacerbate(加劇，使惡化)與句意相反。B)mitigate(減輕，緩和)符合句意。C)perpetuate(使永久化，持續(xù))意思不符。D)acknowledge(承認，認可)意思不符。故選B。8.A解析思路：句意意為“他對這個復雜現(xiàn)象的解釋既淵博又通俗易懂，為最初看似難以解釋的事情提供了一個清晰的理由”?？崭裉幮枰粋€表示“理由，依據(jù)”的詞。A)rationale(原理，依據(jù))符合句意。B)speculation(推測，投機)意思不符。C)ambiguity(歧義，模糊性)意思不符。D)contradiction(矛盾，反駁)意思不符。故選A。9.A解析思路：句意意為“政府的政策轉(zhuǎn)變在經(jīng)濟學家中引發(fā)了相當大的爭論，關(guān)于其長期財政影響”?？崭裉幮枰粋€表示“引起，激起”的詞。A)elicited(引起，引出)符合句意。B)suppressed(壓制，鎮(zhèn)壓)與句意相反。C)ignored(忽視，忽略)與句意相反。D)amplified(放大，增強)意思不符。故選A。10.A解析思路：句意意為“這本古老的手稿，上面夾雜著不同人寫的注釋，提供了罕見的一瞥作者的創(chuàng)作過程”?？崭裉幮枰粋€表示“夾雜，散布”的詞。A)interspersed(散布的，夾雜的)符合句意。B)embellished(裝飾的，點綴的)意思不符。C)supplemented(補充的)意思不符。D)accompanied(伴隨的)意思不符。故選A。PartIIReadingComprehension11.B解析思路：文章主要討論了“數(shù)字原生代”和“數(shù)字移民”這一概念，并指出了其是“一種過于簡化的說法”，同時強調(diào)了技術(shù)熟練度受多種因素影響，以及技術(shù)不斷演變使得“數(shù)字移民”也能掌握復雜技能。因此，文章的中心觀點是這一二元對立的劃分過于簡單化。故選B。12.B解析思路：根據(jù)第二段，批評者指出該框架“過度簡化了技術(shù)整合的復雜性”，并提到“技術(shù)熟練度不僅由年齡決定，還受獲取技術(shù)、教育機會和個人動機等因素影響”。選項B)“它只適用于某些職業(yè)”在文章中沒有提及，而“年齡”被批評者認為不是唯一決定因素，暗示了該概念可能不適用于所有情況或職業(yè)領域，與原文批評的“oversimplification”（過度簡化）相呼應，即其普適性存疑。選項A)認為老年人不能適應，是概念本身可能帶來的誤解，而非批評者直接論述的核心。故選B。13.C解析思路：第一段提到“digitalnative/digitalimmigrantdichotomyisa*perceived*generationaldivide”。根據(jù)上下文，“perceived”指的是這種“代溝”是一種“被感知到的”、“被認為是存在的”現(xiàn)象，并非客觀存在或已被證實。A)experienced(經(jīng)歷過的)不符。B)discussed(討論過的)不符。C)believed(相信的)符合句意，表示這種劃分是人們認為或相信存在的。D)defined(定義的)不符。故選C。14.C解析思路：文章最后指出，理解這些細微差別后，有效的數(shù)字素養(yǎng)項目應該“為不同的學習風格和背景量身定制”，而不是依賴“可能具有誤導性的代際刻板印象”。這表明文章建議數(shù)字素養(yǎng)項目應考慮到個體的具體情況（individualcircumstances）。A)與文章觀點相反。B)文章建議不要只關(guān)注代際差異。D)文章建議不應按代際劃分受眾。故選C。15.B解析思路：文章第二段明確指出，“技術(shù)熟練度不僅由年齡決定，而是受獲取技術(shù)、教育機會和個人動機等因素影響”。因此，技術(shù)熟練度取決于多個因素。A)僅提及年齡和出生年份。C)僅提及獲取和教育。D)僅提及代際差異。只有B)包含了文章提到的所有影響因素：access(獲取),education(教育),andmotivation(動機)。故選B。16.C解析思路：文章首段即提出“社交平臺輕易就能傳播錯誤信息，這嚴重威脅到有信息的社會討論”，隨后也提到了社交媒體對心理健康（如社會比較）的負面影響。選項C)“錯誤信息的傳播及其影響”準確概括了作者的主要擔憂。A)文章未提及費用問題。B)文章承認社交媒體影響了面對面交流，但這并非主要擔憂。D)文章未限定社交媒體僅用于商業(yè)。故選C。17.B解析思路：根據(jù)第二段，“社交網(wǎng)絡上的錯誤信息傳播之所以迅速，是因為算法旨在最大化參與度而不是準確性(algorithmsdesignedtomaximizeengagementratherthanaccuracy)”。因此，算法優(yōu)先考慮吸引用戶注意力（engagement）是信息快速傳播的原因。A)用戶本身固執(zhí)己見。C)社交媒體缺乏監(jiān)管。D)人們沒有時間核實信息。這些是相關(guān)背景或結(jié)果，但非信息快速傳播的直接技術(shù)原因。故選B。18.B解析思路：第二段提到需要培養(yǎng)“媒體素養(yǎng)技能(medialiteracyskills)”以“培養(yǎng)(cultivated)”“辨別力(discernment)”。結(jié)合語境，此處“cultivated”意為“培養(yǎng)、發(fā)展”，而“discernment”意為“