2026屆新高考英語沖刺復(fù)習(xí)英語句子成分1主語句子的主體，表明一個(gè)句子說的是誰或是什么事2謂語說明主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)4賓語用在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后，表示動(dòng)作的行為對(duì)象或介詞某種聯(lián)系的對(duì)象狀態(tài)、身份、類屬、所在地點(diǎn)等5補(bǔ)語用來補(bǔ)充說明賓語或主語的情況3表語用在系動(dòng)詞后面，表示主語的特征、

英語的句子成分6定語用來限定或修飾名詞一類的詞7狀語用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞及從句

10

十大詞類等和句子成分間的關(guān)系(見下表)8同位語用在名詞或代詞后，對(duì)其作補(bǔ)充說明9與全句沒有什么語法關(guān)系，用來獨(dú)立成份表示說話人的語氣、感情等7.

Themissinghaven’tbeenfoundyet.Theunemployedusuallyleadahardlife.“A”isanarticle.1主語

I.主語可以用以下這些東西來表示：1.

Aforeignlanguageisaweaponinthestruggleoflife.2.

ThisisMaryspeaking.3.

Two-thirdsofthedoctorstherearewomen.4.

Thereisnotelling

whentheycangetready.5.

Tofinishthenovelwilltakeupmuchofmysparetime.6.

a.Thattheyfailedintheirattemptisentirelyunderstandable.b.Whetherwe’llgodependsontheweather.c.Whathashappenedprovesthatourpolicyisright.(名詞)(代詞)(數(shù)詞)(動(dòng)名詞)(不定式)(從句)(名詞化的其他詞類)6.由從句擔(dān)任主語

a.由陳述句變化來的主語從句b.由一般、反意或選擇問句變化來的主語從句c.由特殊問句變化來的主語從句3.a.

It’sratherhottoday.

b.

It’sonlytenminutes’drivetotheairport.

c.

ItistheMid-AutumnFestival.

II.

以it作主語或形式主語的句子1.a.

“What’sthis?”“It’saharvester.”

b.

“I’mtranslatingsomeofShelley’spoems.”“Oh,it’snotaneasyjob”2.a.

“Whoismakingsuchanoise?”“Itmustbethechildren.”

b.

It’sthewindshakingthewindow.4.

ItwasintheschoollibrarythatImethim.Whenwasitthatyouhadtheget-togetherwiththem?1.代替剛提到過的一個(gè)事物：

a.指一個(gè)具體的東西

b.指前面所談的情況2.

a.指做某個(gè)動(dòng)作的人

b.指引起某種情況的事物3.

a.指自然現(xiàn)象

b.指距離、環(huán)境等

c.指時(shí)間、季節(jié)等4.

it

用來引起強(qiáng)調(diào)句：it沒有詞意，只幫助改變句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，使某一成分得到強(qiáng)調(diào)。5.

a.

Itisfoolish(of…)tobestillworryingaboutit.

It’snoteasy(forus)tolearnEnglishwell.

b.

Isitworthwhilemakingsuchanexperiment?6.a.Itwasclearthattheyhadnodesireforpeace.

b.

Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheagreeswithme.

c.Ithasn’tbeenmadeclearwhenthenewroadistobeopenedtotraffic.7.a.Itisapity(ashame,afact,anhonor,awonder,agoodthing,goodnews,nowonder)that…

b.Itisstrange(natural,surprising,obvious,true,unusual,fortunate,wonderful,funny,impossible,unlikely)that…c.Itseems(happened,struckme,occurredtome)that…d.Itwassaid(reported,decided,

expected,…)that…

e.Itisdoubtful(notknown,notmadeclear,tobefoundout,tobedecided,beingconsidering,)+Itdoesn’tmatter(maketoomuchdifference)+whether/who,when,how…連接代/副詞引起的從句5.做形式主語

a.代替由不定式擔(dān)任的主語

b.代替由動(dòng)名詞擔(dān)任的主語6.做形式主語代替由從句擔(dān)任的主語

a.由陳述句變化來的主語從句b.由一般、反意或選擇問句變化來的主語從句c.由特殊問句變化來的主語從句7.能用這種從句做主語，用it做形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)，有下面幾類：有人稱,時(shí)態(tài),語態(tài)和語氣的變化；可分為兩類：

1.Hemajors

inEnglish.

3.Itwasproposedthattheculturalrelationsbetweenthetwocountries(should)

beexpanded.1.

Imaybewrong.We’dbetterhaveadoctorin.Wemustgivehimachancetoturnoveranewleaf.

2.

Wehaveto

dosomethingforthem.

Thetrainisdueto

arriveat7:30.Theydon’tseemto

likeidea.

2謂語

2.Theirstandardsoflivingaregoingupsteadily.I.簡(jiǎn)單謂語II.復(fù)合謂語(A)I.

凡是由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞（包括短語動(dòng)詞）構(gòu)成的，不管是什么時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣，都是簡(jiǎn)單謂語：II.復(fù)合謂語由兩部分構(gòu)成，有以下兩類：

(A)

帶不定式的復(fù)合謂語（由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他動(dòng)詞加不定式構(gòu)成）

1.不帶to的不定式

2.帶to的不定式

3.帶復(fù)合賓語的句子變成的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)

(B)

帶表語的復(fù)合謂語（由系動(dòng)詞或其他個(gè)別動(dòng)詞加表語構(gòu)成3.

Hewasoftenheardtosingthispatrioticsong.=Weoftenheardhimsingthispatrioticsong.

Theyshouldbekeptinformedofwhatwearedoing.=Weshouldkeeptheminformedofwhatwearedoing.1.

Itisapowerfulengine.

2.

Hisdreamshaveatlastcometrue.3.

Theweathercontinuedfineforseveraldays.Hewasregardedasagenius.Thesurface

wasfinallypolishedsmooth.。

Theyaresaidtobesearchingforthemissinggirl.(B)I.表語可以用以下這些東西來表示：1.

Hestillremainedaheroinpeople’sminds.2.

That’ssomethingwehavealwaystokeepinmind.3.

Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.4.

Hishairhasgonewhite.5.

Heremainedstandingthereforacoupleofhours.

Atlastthetruthbecameknown.6.

Herjobissellingcomputers.7.

Hiswishwastobecomeanartist.8.

IsTomin?Themeetingwasn’tovertillmidnight.9.

Thebridgeisunderconstruction.

10.Myideaisthatweshouldsticktoouroriginalplan.Isthegas/recorderonoroff?

Thatiswhywedecidedtoputthediscussionoff.3

表語Theproblemiswhetherwe’llhaveenoughtime.(名詞)(代詞)(數(shù)詞)(形容詞)(分詞)(動(dòng)名詞)(不定式)(副詞)(介詞短語)(從句)1.

Hisfatherisaprofessorofphysics.2.

HeistheheadofMary’sfamily.TheybecameAmericancitizensin2001.Mr.LiisdirectorofthedepartmentofEnglish.3.

Theexperimentisveryimportant.=

Theexperimentisofgreatimportance.4.

Thechildrenwereexhaustedandsoontheyfell

asleep.

Themachine’soutoforder.5.

I’mallfor/againsttheplan.Thewarwasn’tovertill1945.Theyaren’taround.

Theproblemistofindasolution.ThisiswhereIwork..II.表語主要用來表示：Theapartmentistolet.類屬身份特征狀態(tài)其他一、表示主語具有某種狀態(tài)、特征、類屬、身份等1.is,am,are,was,were2.seem,appear3.look,sound,smell,taste,feela.He

looks

(tobe)quiteold.b.Heseems(tobe)quiteold.c.Heappears(tobe)quiteold.Itlooksthatthebookistoodifficultforus.seems

Helookstoknowit.Itseemslikerain.seemslooksHelookslikehisfatherincharacter.

is你姐姐長(zhǎng)得什么樣子？Whatdoesyoursisterlooklike?你姐姐是怎么一個(gè)人？Whatisyoursisterlike?III.系動(dòng)詞二、表示主語從某種狀態(tài)等到另一種狀態(tài)…的變化turn,become,get,go,fall,come,prove,1.

gobad,gomad,gohungry,gosour,goblind/deaf,gobankrupt/broken,gogray,gooutofdateeg.

a.Perhapsthemachinehasgonewrongb.Theoldmanwentcrazy.c.Thecheesesoongoesmoldyinhotweather.(go不與old,ill連用)3.

Theyoungmanhasbecome

apoet/turnpoet.Inautumntheleaveswillturnyellow.Whenshewaslaughedat,herfaceturnedred.2.fallill/sick,fallsilenteg.Hefellasleepsoon.三、表示主語繼續(xù)或保持某種狀態(tài)keep,remain,stay,stand,continue,lieItisbadmannerstokeep

silentwhenteachersaskyouquestions.2.Intimeofdanger,healwaysremains

calm.

3.We'llstay

awaketoseewhatwillhappen.Thetemperaturestays

hotthesedays.5.Theweatherwillcontinue

fineforafewdays.6.Boblaysick.

4.Thestudentstoodquitestill,exceptthathislipsmovedslightly.2.I'mgoingtotown.Hehasgoneabroadforfurthereducation.3.Becarefulnottofalldown.Theleavesfelltotheground.4.Heturnedtomeforhelp.

TurntoP.40,please.Whenshewaslaughedat,herfaceturnedred.Inautumntheleaveswillturnyellow.

IV.兼作行為動(dòng)詞的系動(dòng)詞（be

以外的系動(dòng)詞）系動(dòng)詞在英語中分兩大類。一類是be動(dòng)詞,另一類系動(dòng)詞本身既是行為動(dòng)詞同時(shí)又是系動(dòng)詞。作行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，若是vt.后邊要有賓語，是vi.后邊往往跟狀語。

1.Wegotthereat6:00A.M.Canyougetacoupleofticketsfortheconcert?Wehavegotreadyforthedictation.Thedayisgettinglongerandlonger．

4賓語賓語可以用以下這些東西來表示:1.Showyourpassports,please.2.Theydidn’tpromisehimanythingdefinite.3.Howmanydoyouneed?----Weneedtwo.4.

Thenursescarriedtheseriouslywounded.5.

Theboydeniedcheatingintheexamination.6.

Remembertobuyafewstamps,won’tyou?7.

Wehadthephotostakenyesterday.Theymadethegirl

vice-directorofthefactory.8.

Isuggestthathetakeanumbrella.Idon’tknowwhetherthesefiguresareaccurate.Iwonderhowoldhewas.

I.

動(dòng)詞的賓語(名詞)(代詞)(數(shù)詞)(形容詞)(動(dòng)名詞)(不定式)(復(fù)合賓語)(從句)II.介詞的賓語1.Shewentacrossthestreettopickupadictionary.2.Nobodyhasgotanythingagainsthim.3.HeleftShanghaiwithouttellingus.4.Hegavealessononhowtoimprove

English.5.Ataxicamealongfrombehindme.6.Mandiffersfrombrutesinthattheycanthinkandspeak.7.Hispronunciationisfarfromperfect.Iheardsomeonecallingmefrombelow.8.Theytookapictureofusboatingonthelake.(名詞)(代詞)(動(dòng)名詞)(不定式)(介詞短語)(從句)(形容詞)(副詞)(動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))III.直接賓語和間接賓語

間接賓語只用在某些動(dòng)詞后,

表示動(dòng)作對(duì)誰或?yàn)檎l做。間接賓語有時(shí)可以改成一個(gè)由for或to

引起的短語，放到直接賓語后面去。1)下列動(dòng)詞的間接賓語要改成由

for

引起的短語：eg.Ihavefoundhimaseat.=Ifoundaseatforhim.buy,cook,do,fetch,find,get,(leave把…留給某人),lose,make,order,(play),(read),save,sing,spare2)下列動(dòng)詞的間接賓語要改成由

to

引起的短語：

eg.Hegavemehisaddress.=Hegavehisaddresstome.

allow,assign,bring,deny,do,give,hand,(leave死后留下…給某人),lend,offer,owe,pass,pay,promise,(read),refuse,return,send,show,take,teach,tell,throw,wish,write,(play)(sing)He’llreportittotheteacher.

1)

SV+間接賓語+直接賓語我祝你成功。Iwishyousuccess.這工作花了我兩天時(shí)間。Thejobtookmetwodays.我給他省去許多麻煩。Isavehimmuchtrouble.

2)

SV+直接賓語+介詞+間接賓語他給我們解釋課文。

Heexplainthetexttous.我把他介紹給我的朋友們。Iintroducedhimtomyfriends.他將把這件事報(bào)告給老師。2.

下列動(dòng)詞的直接賓語和間接賓語位置固定不能互換。IV.復(fù)合賓語主要有以下幾種類型:1.下列動(dòng)詞及短語動(dòng)詞要用帶to

的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語eg.Theteacherencouragedthestudenttoenter

thecompetition.advise,allow,appoint,ask,assign,bear,beg,believe,cause,command,consider,direct,drive(強(qiáng)迫),enable,encourage,equip,expect,get,give,forbid,force,hate,(help),instruct,intend,invite,know,lead,leave,like,mean(打算讓…做…),oblige,order,permit,persuade,prefer,press(催促)，request,require,remind,send,teach,tell,tempt,urge,use,warn,want,wisharrangefor,askfor,callon,dependon,longfor,preparefor,waitfor,wishfor…2.下列動(dòng)詞及短語動(dòng)詞要用省to

的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語

eg.Hefeltthebuildingshakelastnight.feel,hear,notice,observe,see,watch,listento,lookat,have,let,make,(help)3.下列動(dòng)詞及短語動(dòng)詞可用現(xiàn)在/過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語a.

make…doneb.

smell…doing(…)lookat,listento,observe,notice,send(逼使某人做…)

c.

have…done/have…doing(…)feel,findget,have,hear,keep,leave,see,want,watch4.下列動(dòng)詞及短語動(dòng)詞可用a.名詞、b.形容詞、

c.副詞或介詞短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語appoint,call,choose,consider,elect,feel,find,keep,know,leave,make,name,thinkb.believe,consider,drive…mad,feel,find,force,imagine,get…ready,keep,leave,make,paint,prove,set…free,suppose,think,turn,want,wish,c.find,follow,hang,leave,regard…as,think…V.

用it

作形式賓語或賓語的句子1.AtfirstIfound

itdifficult(for…)tounderstandhim.2.Doyouconsider

itanygoodsendingpeopleover?3.Imade

it

quitecleartohimthatIwouldnotgo.4.He

took

it

forgranted

thatwewouldliketheidea.I’llseeto

itthatwearebackbeforefouro’clock.5.“Ishouldliketohaveatry.”“Youwillfind

itquiteinteresting.VI.

同源賓語Shedreamt

asweetdream.Theold/aged/elderlyareliving

ahappylifetoday.5

補(bǔ)語：在復(fù)合賓語中充當(dāng)賓補(bǔ),在被動(dòng)句中充當(dāng)主補(bǔ)1.I’llgetsomeoneelsetodoit.Shealwayshasherroomlookneatandtidy.2.

EverywherewesawpeoplecelebratingtheSpringFestival.Peoplewereseen

celebratingtheSpringFestival…Pleasehaveyourbloodtestedinthenextroom.3.

Wemustkeepitasecret.Itmustbekept

asecret.4.

Theyconsideredher(tobe)beautiful.Shewasconsidered(tobe)beautiful.5.

Pleasemakeyourselvesathome.6.Didyoufindthemin?(帶to不定式)(省to不定式)(現(xiàn)在分詞)(過去分詞)(名詞)(形容詞)(介詞短語)(副詞)6

定語

I.可以用以下這些東西來表示：1.

Hemustbethebestviolinistalive.2.Therearetwowomenteachersandmanygirl

studentsinthehall.What’syourgovernment’spolicytowardsthesecountries.3.

Yourhairneedscutting.

Everybody’sbusinessisnobody’sbusiness.4.Thesixcountriesbelongtothethirdworld.Doitnow,youmaynotgetasecondchance!5.TheapartmentaboveistheGreens’(形容詞)(名詞)(名詞所有格)(代詞)(數(shù)詞)(副詞)6.

Thoseunder18mustnotseethefilm.7.

Shehasawishtotravelroundtheworld.It’stime(forus)togo.8.Thewalkingstickismadeofwood.9.

Thenumberofforeignguestscomingtothepartyislarge.Doyouknowthenumberofbooksordered

bythelibrary?10.Thecarthat’sparkedoutsideishers.Hercar,whichInoticedoutside,hasbeenhitbyanotherone.(介詞短語)(不定式)(不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))(動(dòng)名詞)(現(xiàn)在分詞)(過去分詞)(從句)

intheroom/there/awake toleaveforBeijing fullofcouragestandingatthegatewhoisstandingatthegatecalledMary whoiscalledMary withabookinherhand.II.2.

定語用來修飾句中的名詞代詞thetallyounggirl1.Thegirl

studieshard.2.Theirclassteacheristhegirl

.3.Iknowthegirl.4.I'lltellthegirl

thetruth.5.I'llaskthegirl

tohelpme.6.Thereisagirl

overthere.

II.1.定語由一個(gè)單詞充當(dāng)時(shí),放在它所修飾的詞

前面（前置）（但副詞或少數(shù)特殊的形容詞作定語時(shí)須前置）定語由詞組或從句擔(dān)任時(shí),要放在它所修飾的詞后面（后置）7

狀語可以用以下這些東西來表示:1.Theclimateislovelyhere,especiallyinspring.2.Onbecomingamember,youwillreceiveamembershipcard.3.Wedideverything(that)wecouldtosavehislife.4.Seeingthis,someofusbecameveryworried.