GLOBAL

FORCEDDISPLACEMENTTRENDSIN

2024TheUNRefugeeAgency123.2MILLIONFORCIBLY

DISPLACEDWORLDWIDEattheendof2024asaresultofpersecution,con?ict,violence,humanrightsviolationsoreventsseriouslydisturbingpublicorder.5.9million

otherpeoplein

needofinternational

protection25.9million

Palestinerefugeesunder

UNRWA’smandate38.4millionasylum-seekers80M31

millionrefugeesunderUNHCR’s

mandate473.5

millioninternallydisplaced

people540M20M0201420152016201720182019202020212022202320241Low-andmiddle-incomecountrieshosted73percentof

theworld’srefugeesandotherpeopleinneedofinternationalprotection.6

TheLeastDevelopedCountriesprovidedasylumto23percentof

thetotal.67%

HOSTEDIN

NEIGHBOURINGCOUNTRIESTrendsata

GlanceRelativetotheirnationalpopulations,7

Lebanon(1in8)hostedthelargestnumberofrefugeesandotherpeople

inneedofinternationalprotection,followedbytheislandof

Aruba(1in9),

Chad(1in16),

Cura?ao(1

in

16)

andJordan(1

in18).873%HOSTED

INLOW-AND

MIDDLE-INCOMECOUNTRIES67percentofrefugeesandotherpeopleinneedofinternationalprotectionlivedincountriesneighbouringtheircountriesoforigin.Lebanon1

in

8Aruba1

in

9Chad1

in

16Cura?ao1

in

16Jordan1

in

181

IN

8ARE

DISPLACED3.1

MILLIONNEW

CLAIMSThe

UnitedStatesofAmerica9wastheworld’s

largest

recipient

ofnew

individualapplications.Germany229,800Canada174,000Spain167,400United

States

of

America729,100Egypt433,9002

UNHCR>GLOBAL

TRENDS2024Numberofpeople100M120M60M

1The

total

number

of

people

forcibly

displaced

is

calculated

using

statistics

by

UNHCR,

UNRWA

and

IDMC.See

UNHCR

population

groups

explained

formore

information.UNRWA

estimates

that70per

cent

of

the2million

IDPs

in

the

Gaza

Strip

at

end-2024were

Palestine

refugees

under

its

mandate.Theseinternally

displaced

refugees

under

UNRWA’s

mandate

are

only

counted

once

in

the

global

forcibly

displaced

total.2See

the

Methodology

page

of

UNHCR’s

Refugee

Data

Finder

for

a

definition

of

each

population

group.3

Source:UNRWA

.4All

references

in

this

infographic

to

refugees

under

UNHCR’s

mandate

includes

people

in

a

refugee-like

situation.5Source:Global

Report

on

Internal

Displacement2025,

IDMC.At

the

end

of2024,83.4

million

people

remained

displaced

within

their

countries,

including73.5

million

due

to

conflict

and

violence

and9.8

million

due

to

disasters.6See

Key

facts

for

countries

hosting

the

world’s

refugees,

UNHCR.7Limited

to

countries

hosting

at

least10,000people.Excludes

Palestine

refugees

under

UNRWA’s

mandate.8Lebanon

continues

to

be

the

highest,

per

capita,

host

country

for

refugees

globally,

with

a

government

estimate

of1.5million

Syrians

(some755,400registered

by

UNHCR)and10,000asylum-seekers

and

refugees

of

other

nationalities.When

the486,300Palestine

refugees

in

Lebanonand

2.4

millionPalestine

refugees

in

Jordan

registered

with

UNRWA

are

included,the

proportions

in

Jordan

and

Lebanon

increase

to

one

in

four

and

one

in

five.9All

statistics

reported

by

the

United

States

of

America

apart

from

resettlement

arrivals

are

as

of

mid-2024.Hence,

the

data

of

new

individual

asylumapplications

only

include

the

period

between

January

and

June2024,and

the

number

of

pending

applications

is

as

of30June2024.The

full

year

statisticsfor

each

of

these

are

likely

to

be

higher.10Sources:EstimationofIDPdemographics(IDMC);Palestinerefugees

under

UNRWA’s

mandate(UNRWA);

Refugees,

people

ina

refugee-likesituation,asylum-seekers

and

other

people

in

need

of

international

protection

are

based

on

the

available

data(UNHCR)and

World

Population

estimates(UNDepartment

of

Economic

and

Social

Affairs).188,800REFUGEESRESETTLED188,800refugees

were

resettled

in2024,according

to

governmentstatistics.

UNHCRsubmitted203,800refugees

to

States

forresettlement.SOLUTIONS47,200STATELESS

PEOPLERECEIVEDCITIZENSHIP9.8million

displaced

peoplereturned

to

their

areas

or

countriesof

origin

in

2024,

including

8.2millioninternallydisplaced

peopleand1.6

million

refugees.9.8

MILLIONDISPLACED

PEOPLERETURNEDDEMOGRAPHICS

OF

PEOPLEWHO

HAVE

BEEN

FORCIBLY

DISPLACED

END-202447,200stateless

people

had

theirnationalityconfirmedoracquiredcitizenship

during

the

year.Childrenaccountfor29percentoftheworld’spopulation,but40

percent

ofallforcibly

displaced

people.10UNHCR>GLOBAL

TRENDS2024

360+18-590-17DISCLAIMER:?guresdonotaddupto100

percent

dueto

rounding.4%MALE

FEMALEForciblydisplaced

Worldpopulation

27%20%26%28%27%19%15%14%8%3%7%Statisticsforforciblydisplaced

andallother

people

protected/

assistedby

UNHCRThisreport’smainfocus

istheanalysis

ofchangesandtrendsinforceddisplacementfromJanuarytoDecember2024among

people

covered

by

UNHCR,the

UN

Refugee

Agency’s

mandate.11

The

datapresentedarebasedoninformation

received

as

of

21May2025unless

otherwise

indicated.At

the

end

of2024,the

number

of

forcibly

displacedpeople

worldwide

was

estimated

at

123.2million.12

Thisfigureencompassesrefugeesunder

UNHCR’s

mandate,Palestinerefugees

underthe

UnitedNations

ReliefandWorksAgencyfor

PalestineRefugeesinthe

Near

East’s(UNRWA)

mandate,asylum-seekers,internally

displaced

people(IDPs)andotherpeoplein

needofinternational

protection.The

figures

in

this

report

are

based

on

data

reported

by

governments,

non-governmental

organizations,

UNHCR

and

other

UN

agencies.

Numbers

are

rounded

tothe

closest

hundred

or

thousand.As

some

adjustments

may

appear

later

in

the

year

inthe

Refugee

Data

Finder,13

figures

contained

in

this

report

should

be

considered

asprovisional

and

subject

to

change.

Unless

otherwise

specified,the

report

does

notrefer

to

events

occurring

after31

December

2024.UNHCRalsoestimates

the

population

that

itprotectsand/orassists.

This

includesthose

whohave

beenforciblydisplaced(refugees,

asylum-seekers,

internallydisplaced

peopleand

otherpeople

in

needofinternational

protection);those

who

have

returned

homewithinthe

previousyear;

thosewhoarestateless

(most

ofwhom

are

notforciblydisplaced);and

other

groupsto

whomUNHCR

hasextended

its

protectionor

provided

assistanceona

humanitarian

basis.At

the

end

of

2024,this

figure

stood

at129.9

million

people.These

two

categorizations

are

compared

in

the

graphic

below.A

detailed

breakdown

of

the

population

thatUNHCRprotectsand/orassistsisprovidedintheAnnex

Tables

bycategoryandcountry.11

See

the

Methodology

page

of

UNHCR’s

Refugee

Data

Finder

for

a

definition

of

each

population

group.12

Seefootnote1.13

Idem.4

UNHCR>GLOBAL

TRENDS2024Viewmapsshowingtotalsbypopulationgroupandcountry.Viewannextablesbycategoryandcountry.Refugeesunder

UNHCR’smandate68.1MIncludes

both

refugeesand

peoplein

refugee-likesituations.Usedconsistentlyin

bothcategorizations.Not

included

in

the

population

that

UNHCR

protects

and/or

assists.Usedconsistentlyin

bothcategorizations.Usedconsistentlyin

bothcategorizations.Thebiggestdi?erencebetweenthetwocategorizations

iswith

peoplewho

have

been

internally

displaced.When

present

in

these

statistics,UNHCR

applies

two

di?erent

sources:IDMC’s

IDP

statistics

collate

the

total

forcibly

displaced

while

thoseIDPs

protected/assisted

by

UNHCR

are

included

in

the

total

populationthat

UNHCR

protectsand/orassists.The

two

sources

of

IDP

data

vary

signi?cantly

in

certain

countries.Globally,

IDMC

reports73.5

million

IDPswhile

UNHCR

reports68.1

millioncon?ict-a?ected

IDPsatend-2024.Intotal,

UNHCR

reports4.4

millionstateless

people.About1.4

millionstateless

people

worldwide

are

also

displaced.

Most

of

them

areRohingya,either

internally

displaced

in

Myanmar

or

refugees,

mostlyin

neighbouring

countries.These1.4

million

are

only

countedas

forcibly

displaced

when

calculating

the

total

population

that

UNHCRprotects

and/or

assists

to

avoid

double

counting.Only

included

in

the

population

that

UNHCR

protects

and/or

assistsfora

period

of12

months.Only

included

in

the

population

that

UNHCR

protects

and/or

assistsfora

period

of12

months.Only

included

in

the

population

that

UNHCR

protects

and/or

assists.Notincludedin

either

categorization.Palestinerefugees

underUNRWA’smandateAsylum-seekersOther

people

in

need

ofinternational

protectionInternallyDisplaced

People(IDPs)StatelesspeopleRefugeereturnsIDP

returnsOthersofconcernto

UNHCRHostcommunity73.5MPopulation

UNHCRprotectsand/or

assists129.9

million31.0M27.3MForciblydisplaced

people123.2million14

4.4M

1.6M

UNHCR>GLOBAL

TRENDS2024

53.8M14SeeUNHCR’sRefugee

Data

Finder8.2M5.9M5.9M8.4MThenumberofpeopleforcedtofleepersecution,conflict,violence,humanrightsviolationsandeventsseriously

disturbing

public

order

rose

in2024,reaching

a

record

123.2million.This

is

an

increaseof7millionpeopleor

6

per

cent

comparedtotheend

of2023.One

in67

people

globally

were

forciblydisplaced

at

the

end

of2024.Slightly

more

than

one-

thirdofallforciblydisplacedpeoplegloballywereSudanese(14.3

million),Syrian(13.5

million),Afghan(10.3

million)or

Ukrainian(8.8

million).During2024,millions

of

people

were

displaced,including

an

estimated20.1million

within

their

owncountry15

and5.4million

as

refugees

and

asylum-seekers.Over

the

last

decade,the

number

of

forciblydisplaced

people

has

almost

doubled.However,the

rate

of

increase

in

the

number

of

people

forciblydisplaced

slowed

in

the

second

half

of2024.As

shownin

figure1,while

there

was

an

estimated

increase

of5.2million

forcibly

displaced

people

in

the

first

halfof2024,the

increase

in

the

second

half

of

the

yeardropped

to

only

a

third

of

that,1.7million.Operationaldata

and

initial

estimates

for2025

indicate

that

globalforced

displacement

may

begin

to

fall

during2025.By

the

end

of

April2025,UNHCR

estimates

thattotalforceddisplacementgloballyhasfallenslightlyby1percentto122.1million.16

Duringtheremainderof2025,much

will

depend

on

the

dynamics

in

keysituations.This

includes

whether

peace,or

at

least

acessation

in

fighting,is

possible

to

achieve,particularly

in

the

Democratic

Republic

of

the

Congo,Sudan

andUkraine;whether

the

situation

in

South

Sudan

doesnotdeterioratefurther;whetherconditionsforreturnimprove,in

particular

in

Afghanistan

and

Syria;andhow

dire

the

impact

of

the

current

funding

cuts

willbe

on

the

capacity

to

address

forced

displacementsituationsaroundtheworldandcreateconduciveconditions

for

a

safe

and

dignified

return.17Source:Global

Report

on

Internal

Displacement2025,IDMC.There

were65.8million

new

displacements

in

totalduring

2024,

including

20.1displacements

due

to

conflict

and

violence

and45.8

million

due

to

disasters.See

also

IDMC’s

video

on

measuring

internal

displacement.This

estimates

includes

nowcasted

figures

for

refugees

under

UNHCR’s

mandate

and

asylum-seekers

as

of

the

end

of

April2025.Otherpeople

in

need

of

international

protection

are

as

reported

by

UNHCR

at

end-2024.The

estimate

of

internal

displacement

is

calculated

usingIDMC’s

end-2024figure

(73.5million

people)as

a

base

and

then

reflecting

changes

in

the

statistics

for

ten

of

the

largest

displacementsituations

for

which

operational

data

is

available

at

the

end

of

April2025.Note

also

that

IDMC’s

historical

statistics

have

been

retroactivelyupdated

and

include

approximately1million

fewer

people

than

previously

reported.Palestine

refugees

under

UNRWA’s

mandate

are

asreportedbyUNRWAatend-March

2025.SeeUNHCR:Fundingcrunchincreasesrisksof

violence,dangeranddeathforrefugees,

UNHCR.Globalforced

displacementThe

searchfor

peacemust

beattheheartof

alleffortstofind

long-lasting

solutions

for

refugees

and

others

forced

to

flee

their

homes.

99Filippo

Grandi

UN

HighCommissionerfor

Refugees6

UNHCR>GLOBAL

TRENDS2024CHAPTER1+Demographics

of

forciblydisplaced

ETXHPELORDATEAOverview151617CHAPTER

1Theincreasewasdrivenbyconflict

intensificationsin

Sudan

and

Myanmar,further

escalations

ofindiscriminategangviolenceinHaitiand

revised

IDP

populationestimatesinColombia.During2024,at

least

4.8

million

people

soughtinternational

protection,13

percentfewerthan

in2023.Thisfigure

includesthosethat

appliedforasylum

on

an

individual

basis(3.1

million),wererecognizedthroughgroup

procedures(835,600)orweregrantedtemporary

protection(954,600).19

The

loweroverallfigure

reflectsfewer

people

being

grantedtemporary

protectionand

underreportingofstatistics.20

The

numberofasylum-seekerspendingadecision

ontheir

individual

applications

stoodat8.4

million

at

end-2024,the

highest

ever

recorded,surging

by22

per

centfrom

6.9

million

theyear

before.Refugee

and

IDP

returns

rose

in

2024,with

a

year-on-year

increase

of60per

cent.

Most

of

them

took

placeTheglobal

refugee

populationdecreasedin

2024by613,600(-1

per

cent)

to

42.7

million,

including31

million

refugees

under

UNHCR

s

mandate,5.9millionother

people

in

needof

internationalprotectionand5.9

million

Palestine

refugeesunderthe

mandateofUNRWA.The

decrease

inthenumberofrefugeesglobally

reflects

lower

estimates

ofAfghan

refugees,fewerSyrian

refugees,andupdated

reportingofUkrainians.18

By

contrast,the

numberofSudanese

refugeesincreased

by

nearly

600,000to2.1million

due

to

ongoing

hostilitiesacrossthecountry.Internallydisplacedpeople(IDPs)continuetoconstitutethemajorityofallpeoplethat

have

beenforced

to

flee

globally(60per

cent).According

todatabytheInternalDisplacement

Monitoring

Centre

(IDMC),73.5million

people

remained

displacedwithin

their

own

country

at

the

end

of2024

as

aconsequence

of

conflicts,an

increase

of6.3

million.18Moreover,asofmid-2023anestimated1.2millionUkrainianswere

recorded

inthe

Russian

Federation

underdifferent

legalformsofstay(other

than

refugee

or

temporary

asylum

status)and

reported

by

UNHCR

as

people

in

a

refugee-like

situation.

However,thisfigure

has

notbeen

updated

since

June2023,and

therefore

can

no

longer

be

included

in

UNHCR

s

official

statistics

for

end

of2024.19Temporary

protection

granted

to

Ukrainians

does

not

necessarily

mean

new

displacementsince

it

could

include

reapplications

or

reactivationsfrom

the

refugees

who

were

already

granted

refugee

status

following

temporary

visits

to

Ukraine

as

well

as

duplicated

registrations

acrosscountries.Furthermore,Ukrainians

that

have

been

granted

temporary

protection

may

also

have

lodged

individual

asylum

applications.SeeUkraineRefugeeSituation:Populationmovements,Factsheet#2,UNHCR.20

See

footnote9.

Refugees

under

UNHCR,s

mandate

Palestine

refugees

under

UNRWA’s

mandateFigure1

|ForciblyDisplacedPeople|

2020April-2025(mid-andend-year)end-20mid-21end-21mid-22end-22mid-23end-23mid-24end-24Apr-25UNHCR>GLOBAL

TRENDS2024

7

Internallydisplacedpeople

Asylum-seekers90M80M70M60M50M40M30M20M10M0

Otherpeople

in

needofinternationalprotection130M120M110M100MNumberofpeopleCHAPTER

1year’smostunforeseendevelopment,aftertheAssad

governmentinSyria

fellinDecember,therewererenewedhopesamongforciblydisplacedSyriansthat

theywouldbeableto

return.ForceddisplacementfromandwithintheCentralSahel23

grew

to3.5million

people

due

to

intensifyingconflicts

in

the

region,an

increase

by

89percent

from

end-2020.For

more

information

aboutMyanmar,Syria

and

the

countries

in

the

Sahel,seetheSpotlightsonthesesituationsbelow.ThewarinSudantriggeredtheworld’slargestdisplacement

crisis

with

a

total

of14.3millionSudanese

remaining

displaced

at

the

end

of

2024,almostallwithinthecountryorin

neighbouringcountries.This

was3.5million

more

people

than12monthspriorandthepopulation

remainingdisplacedat

the

end

of2024represents

nearly

one

in

threeofthenationalpopulation.Amidfurtherescalations

ofconflictacrosslargeparts

ofthecountry

duringtheyear,morepeoplein

Sudan

became

internallydisplaced.The

number

of

IDPs

grew

by

2.5

million(+28per

cent),with

the

majority

of

them

originating

fromtheheavilyaffectedregions

of

Khartoum,SouthernandNorthernDarfur

andAjJazirah.24Theoverallrateofinternal

displacement

inSudanslowed

towards

the

end

of2024.In

early2025,

dataindicatedthatthenumberofIDPs

haddecreased,as

they

began

to

return.25

However,the

situationremains

critical

across

the

majority

of

Darfur.Anattack

on

the

Zamzam

IDP

Camp

in

North

Darfur

inApril2025,led

to

the

displacement

of

more

than406,000people

or81per

cent

of

the

total

populationhosted

in

the

camp.26ThenumberofSudaneserefugeesandasylum-seekers

also

grew

to

reach2.8million

at

the

end

of2024,upbymorethanamillion.Mostsoughtsafetyin

Chad(1.1millionatend-year),Egypt(602,700)27

andSouthSudan(487,700).WhilegenerouslyextendingprotectiontoSudaneserefugees,SouthSudanisalsograpplingwith

itsownchallenges.Forexample,reabsorbingthenearly

three-quarters

of

a

million

South

Sudanese

refugeeswho

have

returned

since

the

beginning

of

the

conflictin

April2023,404,700of

whom

arrived

in2024alone.in

the

second

half

of2024.During

the

year,1.6

millionrefugeesreturnedtotheirhomecountryand

8.2million

IDPs

returned

to

their

area

of

origin.

Over

9

in10refugees

and

IDPs

returned

to

or

within

just

eightcountries.21

Many

of

those

who

returned

did

so

inadverseconditionsorencounteredextremelyfragile

socio-economicsituationsontheirreturn.However,by

the

end

of

April2025,returns

to

and

within

Syriahadincreased.Comparedtothepreviousyears,more

refugeesandIDPsalsoexpressedtheir

intentiontoreturninthenexttwelve

months.22Thenumberofknownstateless

people,

includingpeoplewithundeterminednationality,totalled4.4million

at

end-2024.While

this

figure

is

broadly

inlinewiththepreviousyear’sestimate,thenumberof

statelesspeoplewhoacquiredcitizenshiprose

by

47per

cent

to47,200.In

addition,several

countries

tookimportantpoliticalandlegislativestepsto

resolve

and

preventstatelessness.Neworrevised

estimates

ofthenumberofstatelesspeoplewerealso

reported

forat

leasteight

countries.Keydisplacementsituations

in

2024Conflictsinsomeofthelargestdisplacementsituations

escalated

further

during2024,

such

asin

Sudan

and

Myanmar.Gang

violence

in

Haitiworsenedwithlittleendinsight.

Thewar

in

Gaza,whichremainsunresolved,had

a

devastating

impact

onthecivilianpopulation.Asaconsequence

oftheregionalcrisisinthe

Middle

East,displacementeruptedinneighbouring

Lebanon

betweenSeptemberandNovember.Theprolonged

conflictintheDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo

has

ledtooneofthelargest,yetalsomostoverlooked,

internal

displacementcrisesglobally,withanescalation

inthe

eastern

region

in2024.

Fighting

on

the

frontlinesin

the

war

in

Ukraine

remains

intense

and

wascombinedwithcoordinatedaerialattacks.Asactivefightinghaslargelyceased

inAfghanistan,countries

hostinglargenumbersofasylum-seekers

areenactingpoliciestoremovemillions

ofAfghans.

Inthe21ThesewereAfghanistan,theDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo,Ethiopia,Lebanon,Myanmar,SouthSudan,

Syria

and

Ukraine.22

See

the

section

on

the

spotlight

on

the

Syria

situation

below.23

TheCentralSahelcomprisesthreecountries:BurkinaFaso,Maliand

Niger.24

See

Sudan

Mobility

Overview(4),International

Organization

for

Migration(IOM).25

SeeTwoYearsofConflictinSudan:VisualizingtheWorld’sLargestDisplacementCrisis,IOM26

SeeDTMSudanFocusedFlashAlert:AlFasher(ZamzamIDPCamp),

North

Darfur(Update

008),

IOM.27

AsofDecember2024,930,000SudanesewereregisteredbyUNHCRinEgyptasasylum-seekers.TheGovernmentofEgyptreported1.5millionSudanesepeoplehavingarrivedinthecountrysincetheonsetof

thecrisis.Seealsothe

SudanSituation

ontheOperationalDataPortal.8

UNHCR>GLOBAL

TRENDS2024CHAPTER

1civilian

population.Since

October2023,the

majorityofciviliansinGazahave

been

displaced

multipletimes.At

the

end

of2024,2million

people

remainedinternallydisplaced.AtemporaryceasefireinJanuary2025broughtsomedesperately

neededrelieftoacivilianpopulationfacedwithwidespread

hunger,devastatedinfrastructureandverylimitedhumanitariansupport,buttheconflictresumed

anewin

March2025.32In

September2024,the

war

between

Hezbollah

andIsrael

escalated

across

Lebanon,particularly

in

thesouth,Bekaaandsouthernsuburbsof

Beirut.Attheheight

of

the

crisis,at

least1.3

million

people

hadbeenaffectedbytheviolence,with