《機械專業(yè)英語》練習題一、單詞英漢互譯1、冗余的2、milling3、運動學4、jig5、自主的6、可行性7、forging8、模糊控制9、mimic10、公差二、閱讀理解（一）Flexibleautomationisanextensionofprogrammableautomation.Aflexibleautomatedsystemiscapableofproducingavarietyofpartswithvirtuallynotimelostforchangeoversfromonepartsstyletothenext.Thereisnoproductiontimelostwhilereprogrammingthesystemandalteringthephysicalsetup.Whatmakesflexibleautomationpossibleisthatthedifferencesbetweenpartsprocessedbythesystemarenotsignificant.Inthemodemmanufacturingsetting,flexibilityisanimportantcharacteristic.Itmeansthatamanufacturingsystemisversatileandadaptable,whilealsocapableofhandlingrelativelyhighproductionruns.Aflexiblemanufacturingsystemisversatileinthatitcanproduceavarietyofparts.Itisadaptablebecauseitcanbequicklymodifiedtoproducecompletelydifferentparts.AflexiblemanufacturingsystemisahighlyautomatedTG(grouptechnology)machinecell,consistingofagroupofprocessingworkstations,interconnectedbyanautomatedmaterialhandlingandstoragesystem,andcontrolledbyadistributedcomputersystem.ThereasontheFMSiscalledflexibleisthatitiscapableofprocessingavarietyofdifferentpartstylessimultaneouslyatthevariousworkstations,andthemixofpatterns.TheFMSismostsuitedforthemid-variety,mid-volumeproductionrange.AnFMSreliesontheprinciplesofgrouptechnology.Grouptechnologyisamanufacturingphilosophyinwhichsimilarpartsareidentifiedandgroupedtogethertotakeadvantageoftheirsimilaritiesindesignandproduction,similarpartsarearrangedintopartfamilies,whereeachpartfamilypossessessimilardesignandmanufacturingcharacteristics.Nomanufacturingsystemcanbecompletelyflexible.Therearelimitstoproducepartswithinadefinedrangeofstyles,sizes,andprocesses.Inotherwords,anFMSiscapableofproducingasinglepartfamilyoralimitedrangeofpartfamilies.AnFMSmustpossessthreecapabilities:(1)theabilitytoidentifyanddistinguishamongthedifferentpartorproductstylesprocessedbythesystem,(2)quickchangeoverofoperatinginstructions,and(3)quickchangeoverofphysicalsetup.Flexiblemanufacturingsystemscanbedistinguishedaccordingtothekindsofoperationstheyperform:processingoperationsorassemblyoperations.AnFMSisusuallydesignedtoperformoneortheotherbutrarelyboth.1.InFMSwhatdoestheterm“flexible”means?()A.ItmakesdifferentamountofproductseachtimeB.ItmakesdifferenttypesofproductsquicklyC.ThesystemisusedtoproduceflexibleproductsD.Themanufacturingequipmentisflexible2.TheFMSachievesflexibilitiesbythemeansof()A.quicklyreprogrammingthesoftwareB.easilyalteringthephysicalsetupsC.usingthegrouptechnologyconceptD.alltheabove3.AFMSisbestusedforproducing()A.smallamount,fewdifferenttypesofproductsB.lotsofverydifferenttypesofproductsC.amediumamountofsimilarproductsD.neitheroftheabove4.Thegrouptechnologyworksinawaythat()A.verydifferenttypesofproductscanbemadeatthesametimeondifferentmachinesB.sameproductsareproducedonallthemachineseachtimeC.similarproductsareidentifiedandquicklyproducedindifferentbatchesD.similarproductsarecategoriesedintooneclassandmadeinonebatch5.FMSisusuallyconfiguredfor()A.processingoperationsB.assemblyoperationsC.bothprocessingandassemblyoperationsB.eitherprocessingorassemblyoperationbutnotbothofthem（二）Inadditiontothetensiletests,thereareothertypesofstaticloadtestingthatprovidevaluableinformation.CompressionTesting.Mostductilematerialshaveapproximatelythesamepropertiesincompressionasintension.Theultimatestrength,however,can’tbeevaluatedforcompression.Asaductilespecimenflowsplasticallyincompression,thematerialbulgesout,butthereisnophysicalruptureasthecaseintension.Therefore,aductilematerialfailsincompressionasaresultofdeformation,notstress.ShearTesting.Shafts,bolts,rivets,andweldsarelocatedinsuchawaythatshearstressesareproduced.Theultimateshearingstrengthisdefinedasthestressatwhichfailureoccurs.Theultimatestrengthinshear,however,doesnotequaltheultimatestrengthintension.Forexample,inthecaseofsteel,theultimateshearstrengthisapproximately75%oftheultimatestrengthintension.Thisdifferencemustbetakenintoaccountwhenshearstressesareencounteredinmachinecomponents.DynamicLoad:Anappliedforcethatdoesnotvaryinanymanneriscalledastaticorsteadyload.Itisalsocommonpracticetoconsiderappliedforcesthatseldomvarytobestaticloads.Theforcethatisgraduallyappliedduringatensiletestisthereforeastaticload.Ontheotherhand,forcesthatvaryfrequentlyinmagnitudeanddirectionarecalleddynamicloads.Dynamicloadscanbesubdividedtothefollowingthreecategories.VaryingLoad.Withvaryingloads,themagnitudechanges,butthedirectiondoesnot.Forexample,theloadmayproducehighandlowtensilestressesbutnocompressivestresses.ReversingLoad.Inthiscase,boththemagnitudeanddirectionchange.Theseloadreversalsproducealternatelyvaryingtensileandcompressivestressesthatarecommonlyreferredtoasstressreversals.ShockLoad.Thistypeofloadisduetoimpact.Oneexampleisanelevatordroppingonanestofspringsatthebottomofachute.Theresultingmaximumspringforcecanbemanytimesgreaterthantheweightoftheelevator.Thesametypeofshockloadoccursinautomobilespringswhenatirehitsabumporholeintheroad.6.Apullingforceappliedonasteelbarchangesitsmagnitude,itisusuallycalleda()A.dynamicloadB.varyingloadC.reversingloadD.shockload7.During()asteelbarmaybepulledintoathinrodandbreakapart.A.tensiletestingB.compressiontestingC.sheertestingD.shockloadtesting8.Anobjectmovingfasterthanothersmayencounter()A.highershockloadB.lowershockloadC.sameshockloadD.neitherofthese9.Themethodtojudgeaductilematerialfailsincompressiontestingisto()A.seeifthematerialbreaksB.seeifitleadstoundesireddeformationC.seeifthematerialbulgesoutD.seeifitleadstocracksonthesurface10.Comparingwithtensiontest,duringsheartesting()A.amaterialusuallyshowssimilarstrengthB.amaterialusuallyshowshigherstrengthC.amaterialusuallyshowslowerstrengthD.neitheroftheabove三、句子翻譯1.Highspeed,moreaccuracyandefficiencyofmachinerymanufacturingtechnologyarethekeyperformanceindicators.2.Theproblemofthespecialistinmechanicaldesignisnothowtodesignarollingbearingbut,rather,howtoselectone.3.Akinematicchainisasystemoflinks,thatis,rigidbodies,whichareeitherjointedtogetherorareincontactwithoneanotherinamannerthatpermitsthemtomoverelativetooneanother.4.Themostmodern,sophisticatedmethodofprogramminganNCmachineisbyusingathree-dimensionalmodeloftheparttoprovidethedatathatguidetheNCmachineinproducingthepart.5.Automatedmanuf