安全工程專(zhuān)業(yè)常用術(shù)語(yǔ)英文版1.RiskManagement1.1RiskAssessmentDefinition:Theprocessofidentifying,analyzing,andevaluatingpotentialrisks(hazards)todeterminetheirlikelihoodandseverity,informingriskmanagementstrategies.Application:Usedinprojectplanning(e.g.,construction),workplacesafetyprograms,andenvironmentalimpactstudiestoprioritizehazardsandallocateresourcesformitigation.1.2RiskMitigationDefinition:Actionstakentoreducetheprobabilityorseverityofariskevent,includingprevention,reduction,transfer(e.g.,insurance),oracceptanceofrisks.Application:Implementedinindustrialoperations(e.g.,installingsafetyguardsonmachinery)orcybersecurity(e.g.,firewallsfordataprotection).2.SafetyAssessment2.1SafetyAuditApplication:Conductedinmanufacturingplants,constructionsites,orhealthcarefacilitiestoverifyadherencetosafetyregulations(e.g.,OSHAstandards).2.2HazardIdentificationDefinition:Theprocessofrecognizingpotentialsourcesofharm(hazards)inasystem,process,orenvironment(e.g.,chemical,physical,biologicalhazards).Application:Essentialinpre-projectriskanalysis,workplaceinspections,andproductdesign(e.g.,identifyingtoxicchemicalsinalab).3.IndustrialSafety3.1Lockout/Tagout(LOTO)Definition:Asafetyproceduretoensureequipmentisshutdownandcannotbeenergizedduringmaintenance/repair,usinglocksandtagstopreventaccidentalstartup.Application:Mandatoryinindustrieswithmachinery(e.g.,manufacturing,powerplants)toprotectworkersfromunexpectedequipmentactivation.3.2PersonalProtectiveEquipment(PPE)Definition:Specializedclothing,helmets,goggles,orgeardesignedtoprotectworkersfromworkplacehazards(e.g.,physical,chemical,biologicalrisks).Application:Usedinconstruction(hardhats,safetyvests),healthcare(gloves,masks),andchemicalhandling(respirators,acid-resistantsuits).4.FireSafety4.1FireSuppressionSystemDefinition:Asystem(e.g.,sprinklers,fireextinguishers,gaseousagents)designedtodetect,control,orextinguishfirestominimizedamageandprotectlives.4.2FireLoadApplication:Usedinfiresafetyengineeringtodesignprotectionsystemsanddetermineevacuationtimesforbuildings.5.OccupationalHealth5.1OccupationalExposureLimit(OEL)Definition:Themaximumconcentrationofahazardoussubstance(e.g.,chemical,dust,noise)towhichworkerscanbeexposedoveraspecifiedperiod(e.g.,8-hourshift)withoutadversehealtheffects.Application:Usedbyemployerstomonitorworkplaceenvironments(e.g.,OSHA’sPermissibleExposureLimits-PELsintheUS).5.2ErgonomicsDefinition:Thescienceofdesigningworkspaces,tools,andtaskstofithumancapabilities,reducingstrain,fatigue,andmusculoskeletaldisorders.Application:Appliedinofficedesign(ergonomicchairs),manufacturing(assemblylinelayouts),andhealthcare(patienthandlingequipment).6.EmergencyManagement6.1EmergencyResponsePlan(ERP)Definition:Adocumentedplanoutliningprocedures,roles,andresourcestorespondtoemergencies(e.g.,fires,chemicalspills,naturaldisasters)tominimizelossandensuresafety.Application:Requiredinallorganizations(e.g.,schools,refineries)toguidecoordinatedresponsesduringcrises.6.2EvacuationRouteDefinition:Apre-designated,unobstructedpathforpeopletoexitabuilding/areasafelyduringanemergency.7.SystemSafety7.1FaultTreeAnalysis(FTA)Definition:Atop-down,deductivefailureanalysismethodthatidentifiesallpossiblewaysasystemcanfail,usingalogicaltreetomapcause-effectrelationships.Application:Usedinaerospace,nuclear,andautomotiveindustriestoimprovesystemreliability(e.g.,analyzingaircraftenginefailures).7.2FailureModeandEffectsAnalysis(FMEA)Definition:Abottom-up,inductivemethodtoidentifypotentialfailuresinasystem,theircauses,andeffects,prioritizingrisksformitigation.Application:Appliedinproductdesign(e.g.,medicaldevices)andprocessengineering(e.g.,pharmaceuticalmanufacturing)toenhancesafety.8.RegulatoryStandards8.1OSHA(OccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministration)Definition:AUSfederalagencythatsetsandenforcesworkplacesafety/healthstandards,conductinginspectionsandprovidingtraining.Application:GovernssafetypracticesinUSworkplaces(e.g.,PPErequirements,machineguardingregulations).8.2NFPA(NationalFireProtectionAssociation)Definition:Aglobalnonprofitorganization