●●●●汽車專業(yè)英語ENALI

SH●1-1.CareersintheAutomotiveIndustry●1-2.Overview

ofAutomotiveStructure●1-3.PassengerCarTypes●1-4.Special-purposeVehicleTypes汽車行業(yè)中的工作機(jī)會(huì)汽車結(jié)構(gòu)概述乘用車類型專用汽車類型CHAPTER1OverviewofAutomobile第一章

汽車概述Checkingforthe

Engine檢查發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)1-1.Careers

in

the

Automotive

Industry汽車行業(yè)中的工作機(jī)會(huì)1-1.Careers

in

the

Automotive

Industry汽車行業(yè)中的工作機(jī)會(huì)Checking

for

aNoise

of

a

Vehicle

inNew

VehicleDealership

Service

Department在新車特約維修站檢查車輛噪音Automobile

Technology

is

one

of

Transportationand

Logistics

in

WorldSkills,as

well

as

AutobodyRepair,Car

Painting,Heavy

Vehicle

Technologyand

Rail

Vehicle

Technology.It

is

usually

separatedinto

several

modules,like

Engine

Management,Engine

Diagnosis,Brakes,Body

Electrical,Electrical,

Alignment,steering

&Suspension,EngineMechanical,Engine

Measurement

and

HybridSafety.◆閱讀材料AutomobileTechnology

Project

intheworldSkillsCompetition

世界技能大賽中汽車技術(shù)項(xiàng)目汽車技術(shù)與車身修理、汽車噴漆、重型車輛技術(shù)和軌道車輛技術(shù)在世界技能大賽中一起隸屬于交通與

物流大類。汽車技術(shù)在比賽中通常分為發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)管理、

發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)診斷、制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)、車身電氣、電氣、車輪定

位、轉(zhuǎn)向和懸架、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)機(jī)械、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)測(cè)量以及混

動(dòng)安全。The

highly

skilled

Automobile

Technician

keepsabreast

of

continuous

changes

in

the

sector,whether

these

are

to

do

withperformance,safety,

or

green

energy

sources.They

will

deeplyunderstand

vehicles'electrical

and

electronicsystems;have

physical

stamina,coordination,andkinesthetic

skills,and

be

versatile.This

person

may

rapidly

progress

to

more

senior

roles

as

trainer,supervisor,planner,and/or

manager.◆閱讀材料AutomobileTechnology

Project

intheworldSkillsCompetition

世界技能大賽中汽車技術(shù)項(xiàng)目高水平的汽車維修技師時(shí)刻了解該行業(yè)的變化，無論這些變化是與車輛性能、安全還是綠色能源有關(guān)。

他們深入了解車輛的電子和電氣系統(tǒng)，并具備良好

的體力、協(xié)調(diào)能力、動(dòng)覺能力和其他復(fù)合型技能。他們可以迅速晉升到更高級(jí)的職位，比如培訓(xùn)師、主管、規(guī)劃師和/或經(jīng)理。1—Radiator

散熱器，(俗稱)水箱2—Engine

發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)3—Clutch離合器4—Transmission

變速器5—Parkingbrake

駐車制動(dòng)器，手制動(dòng)器6—Drive

shaft

傳動(dòng)軸7—Frame

車架8—Rear-axle

后軸，(俗稱)后橋Rear

driving

axle后驅(qū)動(dòng)橋

9—Rear

suspension

后懸架10—Tire*(US)

輪胎Tyre*(GB)

輪胎11—Fuel

tank燃油箱12—Brake

pipe

制動(dòng)管13—Front

suspension

前懸架14—Steering

linkage

轉(zhuǎn)向傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)Tie

bar

(轉(zhuǎn)向系)橫拉桿

15—Steering

gear

轉(zhuǎn)向器*:US”

表示美式英語：“(GB)表示英式英語。1-2.Overview

of

Automotive

Structure汽車結(jié)構(gòu)概述乘用車有用于駕駛、駐車、乘客舒適和安全的控制裝置，并對(duì)多種燈光進(jìn)行控制。幾十年來，對(duì)

汽車不斷增加的輔助設(shè)備和控制裝置，使得乘用

車日益復(fù)雜。例如包括倒車攝像頭、空調(diào)、導(dǎo)航

系統(tǒng)以及車內(nèi)娛樂設(shè)施。Carshave

controls

for

driving,parking,passengercomfort

and

safety,and

controlling

a

variety

oflights.Overthe

decades,additional

features

andcontrols

have

been

added

to

vehicles,makingthemprogressively

more

complex.Examplesincluderearreversing

cameras,air

conditioning,

navigationsystems,and

in

carentertainment.乘用車(或汽車)是用于交通的輪式機(jī)動(dòng)車輛。關(guān)于乘用車多數(shù)的定義是它們主要行駛在公路上、能坐一至

八人，用四個(gè)車輪并主要用于載人而不是運(yùn)貨。在

20世紀(jì)，乘用車進(jìn)入全球使用并使得經(jīng)濟(jì)得以發(fā)展。0

r

ial

i)oi

l

vehicleitionsmotorindefeMost

dawheenstertbortranspoorautomof(ecCar乘用車ofcarsaytheyrunprimarily

on

roads,seat

one

toeightpeople,havefourtires,andmainlytransportpeopleratherthangoods.Carscame

intoglobaluseduringthe20thcentury,anddevelopedeconomiesdependonthem.◆閱讀材料Passenger

car乘用車(書面用語)1—Saloon,Sedan,Saloon

car乘用車，*(俗稱)轎車Four

door

car4門轎車2—Compactcar

緊湊型乘用車3—Hatchback,Hatchbackcar艙背式乘用車，艙背式轎車4—CRV=crossover(vehicle)交叉型車5—Stationwagon,WG=Wagon,Estate旅行車6—Pullmansaloon

高級(jí)乘用車，高級(jí)轎車7—Coupe,2-door

sedan小型乘用車，雙門乘用車，雙門轎車8—RV=Recreational

vehicle

休閑車SUV=Sportutilityvehicle運(yùn)動(dòng)型多用途車，多用

途跑車9—MPV=Multipurposepassenger

vehicle

多用途乘用車APV=Allpurpose

vehicle

多功能車10—Convertible(saloon,car)*,Cabriolet活頂乘用車，敞篷車11—Sportcar,Sport

運(yùn)動(dòng)型車，跑車12—Race[Racing]car賽車12“()”中所示的是詞義可省略部分、說明或語境。例如：“Convertible(saloon,car)”表示此詞條可分別寫作以下三條英文詞條：Convertible,Convertiblesaloon,

Convertible

car.“(

俗稱)轎車”中“(俗稱)”是說明。以下各節(jié)也同此。1-3.Passenger

Car

Types乘用車類型0

ss

l

if

n

lt

ol

kland

windows,no

air

conditioning

and

basic

audiosystems.In

only

ten

years'

time,ordinarypassenger

cars

have

gained

basic

conveniencefeatures,advanced

engine

technologies

and

safetyfeatures.ssceormoedhmanuat

fromdehaferd

onveryoThe

oans

aregdaers1T1現(xiàn)在的轎車和15年前的大不一樣。過去的車需要人手動(dòng)鎖門和關(guān)窗，車?yán)餂]有空調(diào)和基本的音響系統(tǒng)。

在僅僅十年的時(shí)間里，普通的乘用車?yán)镉辛嘶镜谋憷匦?、先進(jìn)的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)技術(shù)和安全裝置。除了新的安全和便利裝置增加車的重量外，現(xiàn)在的中級(jí)乘用車勝過了以前的中級(jí)乘用車。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)

功率變大了，同時(shí)也更有效了。Despite

the

added

weight

of

new

safety

andconvenience

features,today'smidsizecarsoutperformtheir

predecessors.Enginesaregetting

larger

and

have

also

gotten

more

efficient.Improvements

in

PassengerCars

乘用車的改進(jìn)◆閱讀材料中級(jí)乘用車不僅改進(jìn)了性能，安全裝置如側(cè)方窗簾式安全氣囊、防抱死制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)和電子穩(wěn)定系統(tǒng)都裝配在車上。當(dāng)車輛出現(xiàn)滑動(dòng)時(shí)，為了保持對(duì)汽車的

控制，電子穩(wěn)定系統(tǒng)實(shí)施單獨(dú)制動(dòng)。大多數(shù)暢銷車

都有電動(dòng)車窗、門鎖、DVD

播放器和空調(diào)。豪華轎

車在典型結(jié)構(gòu)方面的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)比中級(jí)乘用車更高，其中

包括內(nèi)飾板件間隙方面。Performance

isn't

the

only

area

where

midsize

carsare

improving.Safety

features

like

side

curtainairbags,antilock

brakes

and

electronic

stabilitysystems

are

installed

in

the

cars.Electronicstability

systems

apply

individual

brakes

when

a

vehicle

begins

to

skid,in

order

to

keep

it

undercontrol.The

majority

of

best-selling

sedans

havepower

windows

and

door

locks,a

DVD

player

andair

conditioning.Luxury

cars

are

typically

builtwith

higher

standards

than

midsize

cars,including

the

gap

between

panels

in

the

interior.◆閱讀材料1—Refuse

truck,Garbage

truck垃圾車2—Foodtruck

食品車3—Stake

truck,Box-stake

truck

倉柵式汽車4—Tanker,Tanktruck

罐式車5—Vantruck,Box-typetruck廂式貨車6—Wreckertruck,Breakdownlorry救援車，道路清障車

7—Snow

remover,Snow

sweeper除雪車8—Schoolbus

校車，學(xué)生客車9—Readymix(truck),Concretemixer混凝土攪拌運(yùn)輸車1-4.Special-purpose

Vehicle

Types專用汽車類型10—Mobilehome

宿營車，旅居車SPV=special-purpose

vehicle

專用汽車11—Crane

truck,Crane

mobile

汽車起重機(jī)12—Ambulance(car,van),Motor

ambulance

救護(hù)車13—Container

platform

vehicle,Container

car

集裝箱運(yùn)輸車14—Crane[Lift]truck

(美)起重舉升汽車Truckwithcrane隨車起重運(yùn)輸車，隨車吊15—Lifting

work

platform

vehicle

升降臺(tái)汽車16—Sweeper(truck),Road[street]sweeper

掃路車17—Street

cleaning

sprinkler

清洗灑水車18—Fire-extinguishing

vehicle

消防車19—Car

repair

engineering

vehicle

汽車修理工程車1-4.Special-purpose

Vehicle

Types專用汽車類型P型(重型機(jī)械)是專用車輛，主要用于非道路作

業(yè)，以及和道路有關(guān)或道路的某個(gè)區(qū)域進(jìn)行施工

或修理。這類的專用車包括農(nóng)業(yè)拖拉機(jī)、機(jī)動(dòng)式

收割機(jī)、推土機(jī)、鋤耕機(jī)、分類機(jī)和前端裝載機(jī)。Type

P(plant)is

a

special

purpose

vehicle.It

is

primarily

for

off

roaduse,foruse

onaroad

related

area

or

on

an

area

of

road

that

is

under

constructionor

repair.Examplesincludeagricultural

tractors,self-propelled

harvesters,

bulldozers,backhoes,gradersandfront-end

loaders.01There

are

three

kind