2026屆新高考英語熱點(diǎn)沖刺復(fù)習(xí)非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞是高中英語語法中的重要部分,是高考的必考項(xiàng)目。非謂語動(dòng)詞包括動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞)和動(dòng)名詞,在句子中可以作除謂語以外的其他成分。非謂語動(dòng)詞?？伎键c(diǎn)主要有動(dòng)詞不定式的功能、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的用法區(qū)別及非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、省略等。該項(xiàng)內(nèi)容考查考生在具體語言環(huán)境中理解句子結(jié)構(gòu)和分析句子成分的能力。考點(diǎn)1非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)類別時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)形式語態(tài)形式主動(dòng)被動(dòng)動(dòng)詞不定式一般式todotobedone進(jìn)行式tobedoing

完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone動(dòng)詞-ing一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone動(dòng)詞-ed一般式done

1.時(shí)態(tài)形式根據(jù)非謂語動(dòng)詞與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之間的先后順序確定時(shí)態(tài)。(1)非謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后或同時(shí)發(fā)生,用非謂語動(dòng)詞的一般式。Heheardthesongbeing

sungnextdoor.他聽到隔壁有人在唱這首歌。(2)非謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前,用非謂語動(dòng)詞的完成式。Having

finishedhishomework,hewenttobed.他完成作業(yè)之后就去睡覺了。2.語態(tài)形式非謂語動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語(通常是句子的主語)之間往往存在邏輯上的主謂或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系:與邏輯主語之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí),用主動(dòng)形式;與邏輯主語之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí),用被動(dòng)形式。Themeetingto

be

heldtomorrowisofgreatimportance.明天舉行的會(huì)議非常重要。

單句語法填空①Sincethevolunteerswerecutofffromtheoutsideworld,theyhadtorelyontheirbodyclocktoknowwhen

(wake)up,gotosleepandeat.

②“The

(combine)lengthoftheelectriccablesontheshipismorethan4,200kilometers,”Chensaid,

(note)thathisshipyardhasusedalotofadvancedtechniquesandmachinerytobuildtheship.

③Becauseofthefactthattheartifactswereverysmallinsize,traditionallyconsideredtoosmall

(study),littlewasknownaboutthestonetechnologyandtoolmakingskillsoftheseancestors.towakecombinednotingtostudy考點(diǎn)2非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語1.動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語,表示目的、結(jié)果、原因等(1)作目的狀語,有時(shí)用inorderto或soasto。Wewillcontinueourcampaignso

as

to

prevent

and

controlairpollutionto

makeourskiesblueagain.

我們將繼續(xù)我們的運(yùn)動(dòng),以預(yù)防和控制空氣污染,使我們的天空再次變得蔚藍(lán)。(2)作結(jié)果狀語,常用結(jié)構(gòu)enoughto,too...to...,onlyto等。I’mtootiredto

stayupanylonger.我太累了,實(shí)在不能熬夜了。(3)作原因狀語,此時(shí)常與表示情感的形容詞連用,如:glad,happy,frightened,surprised等。Iwasfrightened

to

findthatinfrontofmydoorsatadog.我驚恐地發(fā)現(xiàn)門前坐著一條狗。2.分詞作狀語(1)現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語,常表原因、伴隨、時(shí)間、結(jié)果等,與句子主語之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.他的父母去世了,留下他成了孤兒?！军c(diǎn)津】動(dòng)詞不定式短語作結(jié)果狀語時(shí),常表示意想不到的結(jié)果;而現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語時(shí),常表示自然而然的結(jié)果。(2)過去分詞作狀語,分詞與句子主語之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。Seriouslyinjured,shehadtobesenttohospitalatonce.她受傷嚴(yán)重,不得不被立刻送往醫(yī)院。(3)某些動(dòng)詞的過去分詞已經(jīng)形容詞化,且往往用于一些系表結(jié)構(gòu)中,此時(shí)這些過去分詞既不表示被動(dòng),也不表示完成,而表示一種狀態(tài),如:lost(迷路的),seated(坐著的),hidden(隱瞞的),lost/absorbedin(沉溺于),dressedin(穿著……的),tiredof(對(duì)……感到厭倦的)等。Absorbedinthisbook,hedidn’tnoticemeentertheroom.他完全被這本書所吸引,沒有注意到我進(jìn)入房間。單句語法填空①

(integrate)boxingwithdance,themusicaldrama“MissionMustBeReached”mixesLingnan-stylemusicwithrock&roll,popmusicandrap.

②Asitswims,itsmusclesmove,

(result)inreflectionsofmanycolors.

③WeplantomoveitoutofthedrydockinJune

(continue)thefittingprocess.

Integratingresultingtocontinue④TheceremonyalsocontainedelementsofLiangzhucultureandtheQiantangRivertides,

(reflect)China’slongandstoriedhistory.

⑤

(face)withthechallengeofbalancingconservationandtourism,Fanknewthatasolutionhadtobefound.

reflectingFaced考點(diǎn)3非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語一、動(dòng)詞不定式作定語動(dòng)詞不定式作定語通常置于所修飾的名詞或代詞之后,與所修飾的詞之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂、動(dòng)賓關(guān)系或同位關(guān)系。Sheisalwaysthefirstto

comeandthelastto

leave.(主謂關(guān)系)她總是第一個(gè)來最后一個(gè)離開。Ihavesomanyclothesto

washtoday.今天我有許多衣服要洗。Hislastappeal,to

come

and

see

her,wentunanswered.(同位關(guān)系)沒有人答應(yīng)他最后要來看她的請(qǐng)求。二、分詞作定語1.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語當(dāng)該動(dòng)詞與被修飾的名詞之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或用來表示被修飾的名詞的用途時(shí),用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。Thelecture,startingat7:00p.m.lastnight,wasfollowedbyanobservationofthemoonwithtelescopes.講座于昨晚7點(diǎn)開始,之后是用望遠(yuǎn)鏡觀察地球?！军c(diǎn)津】被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表正在進(jìn)行時(shí),用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式作定語,表示該動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)和進(jìn)行。2.過去分詞作定語過去分詞作定語,分詞與被修飾的名詞之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。TsinghuaUniversity,foundedin1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.清華大學(xué)創(chuàng)建于1911年,許多杰出人物從這里畢業(yè)?！军c(diǎn)津】作定語的不及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式為doing和done,doing表示正在進(jìn)行,done表示已經(jīng)完成。三、動(dòng)名詞作定語表示被修飾詞的某種用途,在意義上相當(dāng)于“名詞+for+doing”,此時(shí)動(dòng)名詞常置于被修飾詞的前面。NoflyingmachinewillflyfromNewYorktoParis.沒有飛行器會(huì)從紐約飛到巴黎。

單句語法填空①Arecentstudy,publishedintheJournal

of

Personality

and

Social

Psychology,showsthatpeoplechoosetohumblebragasanattempt

(impress)others.

②“DragonBoatRacing”isalsoaclassicaldancedrama_________

(base)onseveralGuangdongmusicians.

③TheGreatWallisaplacesteepedinhistoryandhasmuch______

(offer)you.

toimpressbasedtooffer④However,arecently

(launch)WeChatminiprogramisallowingeveryhistoryenthusiasttobeaheroinavirtualworld,whereonenotjustclimbsthe