第1題Whichofthefollowingareexamplesofplanetaryboundaries(selectallthatapply):AClimatechangeBOceanacidificationCOzonedepletionDHuman-causedloadingofnitrogenandphosphorousEOveruseoffreshwaterFChangeinlandusepatternGAtmosphericandaerosolloadingHBiodiversitylossIChemicalpollution正確答案：ABCDEFGHI第2題Whatisthedefinitionofanthropogenic?AOforrelatingtotheEarthBHuman-causedCAfieldofanthropologyrelatingtonatureDAthreattoourenvironment第3題Matchthefollowingfourpeoplewiththeiraccomplishments.PEOPLEJamesHansen,RogerRevelle,JosephFourier,SvanteArrhenius.AJamesHansen(2),RogerRevelle(3),JosephFourier(1),SvanteArrhenius(4)BJamesHansen(3),RogerRevelle(1),JosephFourier(2),SvanteArrhenius(4)CJamesHansen(1),RogerRevelle(2),JosephFourier(3),SvanteArrhenius(4)DJamesHansen(1),RogerRevelle(2),JosephFourier(4),SvanteArrhenius(3)第4題WhatistheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC)?AAcarefulprocessoftheworld’sscientiststoassessandsummarizewhatisknownabouthuman-inducedclimatechange.BAbodythathasproducedreportsonclimatechangesince1990.CTheauthoroftheFifthAssessmentReportonthecurrentstateofscientificknowledgerelevanttoclimatechange,releasedin2014.DAlloftheabove第5題WhichofthefollowingtreatiesorframeworksdidtheRioEarthSummitin1992notproduce?AUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCC)BConventiononBiologicalDiversity(CBD)CIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC)DUNConventiontoCombatDesertification第6題SelectalloftheanthropogenicgreenhousegasescoveredbytheKyotoProtocol:AHFCs,PFCs,SF6BWatervapor(H2O)CMethane(CH4)DNitrousOxide(N2O)ECarbonDioxide(CO2)正確答案：ACDE第7題WhatisthecorrectchronologyofthesekeymomentsintheKyotoProtocolprocess?I.TheKyotoProtocolisadoptedin1997,wheretheAnnexIpartiesagreetoreduceGHGs(measuredinCO2-equivalent)by5%comparedto1990levels.II.PresidentBushformallytakestheUnitedStatesoutoftheKyotoProtocol.III.AnnexIcountriesmeetthe5%target,howevertheUnitedStatesstillneverratifiedtheKyotoProtocol.IV.PresidentClintondecidesnottosendthetreatytotheSenate.AI,IV,III,IIBI,II,IV,IIICIV,II,III,IDI,IV,II,III第8題WhopassedtheByrd-HagelResolution?APresidentBushBPresidentClintonCTheUnitedStatesSenateDTheUNFCCC第9題True/False:TheacronymCBDRstandsfor

Common,butDifferentiatedResponsibilities,andreferstotheprinciplethatcountriesmayvarybyincomelevel,vulnerability,andcapacitiesandsotheirresponsibilitiesinaddressingclimatechangemustalsovary.ATrueBFalse第10題At10:31inChapter5,ProfessorSachsdiscussesanemissionsscenariograph.WhichcurvedoestheBusinessasUsual(BAU)Scenariomatch?ABottomline,wheretemperaturesareexpectedtorise1.3-1.9degreesCelsiusby2100.BMiddleline,wheretemperaturesareexpectedtorise2.6-3.7degreesCelsiusby2100.CTopline,wheretemperaturesareexpectedtorise4.0-6.1degreesCelsiusby2100.第1題Fillintheblank:Greenhousegasesabsorbradiationinthe______partoftheelectromagneticspectrum.AInfraredBUltravioletCVisibleDX-ray第2題Whichoftheseanthropogenicgreenhousegasesisthebiggestcontributortonetradiativewarming?AMethaneBNitrousoxideCWatervaporDCarbondioxide第3題WhatistheEarth’salbedo?AThereflectivityoftheEarth'ssurfaceBTheEarth's"safeoperating"temperatureCTheratewithwhichtheozoneisdepletingDThescientificnamefortheNitrogenandPhosporuscycles第4題Whichsectoristhemaincontributorofanthropogenicmethaneintheatmosphere?AIndustrialBTransportCElectricityDAgricultural第5題Selectallthatapply:Whichofthefollowingfactorsarenecessarytoevaluatetheimpactofgreenhousegases?AResidencetimeofmoleculesintheatmosphereBMolecule-for-moleculewarmingpotentialCTotalamountofmoleculesintheatmosphere正確答案：ABC第6題Ofthefollowing,whichcountryemitsthemostCO2percapitatoday?AUSABChinaCIndiaDBrazil第7題Selectallthatapply:WhichofthefollowingoccursduringElNi?o?AWarmwateroffthecoastofPeruBDecreasedeasterlywindsCIncreasedrainfallinSouthAmericaDAriseinglobaltemperatures正確答案：ABCD第8題TrueorFalse:Evenifwestopemissionsofgreenhousegasestoday,theEarthwouldcontinuetowarm.ATrueBFalse第9題Inchapter5,accordingtoProfessorHansen'sbell-shapedcurveofaveragetemperature,whatdoesthreestandarddeviationsmeanfortemperature?AModerateheatorcoldthatoccursregularlyBExtremeheatorcoldthatoccursacoupleoftimesinathousandoccurrencesCSlightheatorcoldthatoccursintwelvetimesinathousandoccurrencesDNormalheatthatoccursnormally第10題Selectallthatapply:Whichofthefollowingcharacterizeconflictsassociatedwithclimatechange?AFoodinsecurityBUnemploymentCDroughtDDisplacedpeopleEHungerFSoaringfoodprices正確答案：ABCDEFWeek3Quiz--作業(yè)第1題Selectallthatapply:Whichofthefollowingprocessescausedbyincreasedtemperaturescontributetorisingsealevels?AThermalexpansionoftheseasBMeltingmountainglaciersCMeltingicesheets正確答案：ABC第2題TrueorFalse:Bynature,climatemitigationpolicyisaboutreducingrisks.ATrueBFalse第3題Whatistheunitpartspermillionusedtomeasure?AGreenhousegasemissionsBTheconcentrationofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphereCAcountry'scontributiontototalgreenhousegasemissionsDTherateofdeforestation第4題Selectallthatapply:Thosethatbelievethatthelimitshouldberaisedto3-5degreesCelsiusarguethatstayingwithinthe2-degreelimit:AIstoocostlyBIstoohighbecauseeven1-degreeincreasecouldbecatastrophicCIsarbitrarybecausecountriesorbusinessesshoulddowhattheycanandwanttoDShouldbeapproachedfromthebottom-up正確答案：ACD第5題AsmentionedinChapter3,whichgroupofcountriesDIDNOTrallybehindtheEuropeanUniontomakethe2-degreeCelsiuslimitthegloballong-termgoal?AHigh-incomecountriesBLargedevelopingstatesCMiddle-incomecountriesDSmallislanddevelopingstates第6題TrueorFalse:Greenhousegasemissionsincreasedatafasterratefrom1972to2000thanfrom2000to2010.ATrueBFalse第7題Considerthis:SincetheAmazonRainforestisamajorsinkofCO2,thedie-offoftheAmazonforestwouldreleasemassiveamountsofCO2intotheatmosphere,furtheraggravatingclimatechange.Whatisthisprocesscalled?ASlowamplifyingfeedbackeffectBNegativeemissionseffectCRainforesteffectDThecarboneffect第8題Selectallthatapply:Whatareconsiderednon-marketimpactsofclimatechange?AGDPBHumanhealthCEnvironmentDTermsoftrade正確答案：BC第9題Bywhatpercentage(onaverage)willclimatechangenegativelyaffecttheGDPofpoorcountries(thegroupthatwillbemostgreatlyaffected)?A2%oftheirGDPB10%oftheirGDPC30%oftheirGDPD0%oftheirGDP第10題TrueorFalse:The2-degreelimitwasbothascientificandpoliticaldecision.ATrueBFalseWeek4Quiz--作業(yè)第1題WhatisthemaximumamountofCO2equivalent(ingigatonnes)thatwecanputintotheatmospheretostaywithinthe2-degreelimit?A56B44C52D58第2題TrueorFalse:Ofthefossilfuels(coal,oil,andgas),coaldepositswillmostlikelyhavetobestrandedinthehighestproportion.ATrueBFalse第3題Tohavealikelychanceofstayingwithinthe2-degreelimit(definedasaprobabilityhigherthantwo-thirds),thegreenhousegasconcentrationmuststabilizeatsomewherebetween:A350-400ppmB430-480ppmC550-600ppmD1,000-1,200ppm第4題TrueorFalse:Allcountrieswillneedtoconvergeclosetotheglobalaverageof1.6tonsofCO2energypercapitaby2050inordertostaywithinthe2-degreelimit.ATrueBFalse第5題Selectallthatapply:WhoarethebigemittingcountresnamedinChapter3ofLecture4?AU.SBChinaCEuropeanUnionDIndiaEBrazilFSouthAfricaGMexicoHCanadaIRussia正確答案：ABCDEFGHI第6題TrueorFalse:Acarbonbudgetisdefinedasthemaximumlevelofcumulativeemissionstostaywithinadegreeoftemperatureincrease.ATrueBFalse第7題AccordingtoChapter4,somefossilfuelreservesandresourceswouldhavetobeusedwithcarboncaptureandsequestrationorstrandedalltogether.Whatdoesstrandedmean?AThatwewouldneedtobarricadepartsofearthoffsonoonecouldgainaccess.BThatwewouldneedtoextractthemfromthegroundandholdtheminsilosuntilemissionsstabilize.CThatwewouldhavetoleavethemunexploited,whichwouldhaveverysignificantconsequencesforsomecompaniesandsomecountries.第8題TrueorFalse:Thecountries'individualemissionsreductiontargetsadduptotheglobal2-degreelimitgoal.ATrueBFalse第9題Selectallthatapply:Whichofthefollowingareexamplesoftechnologiesthatcouldbeusedtoachievenetnegativeemissions?ABio-energyBCarboncaptureandsequestrationCHydrofrackingDDirectaircaptureofCO2正確答案：ABD第10題WhichtypeofcoalhasthehighestpotentialCO2emissions?ABituminousBSubbituminousCLigniteWeek5Quiz--作業(yè)第1題Selectall:Inwhichofthefollowingcountriesorregionsdidgreenhousegasemissionsdecreasefrom2000-2010?AUnitedStatesofAmericaBChinaCIndiaDEuropeanUnion正確答案：AD第2題FillintheBlank:Ofthethreefossilfuels,______hasthehighestCO2emissionscontentperunitofenergy.AOilBGasCSolarDCoal第3題TrueorFalse:Energyconservationreferstotheimprovementsofproductsandprocesses,whereasenergyefficiencyreferstoabroadersetofmeasuresthatalsoencompassesmoreprofoundstructuralandbehavioralchanges.ATrueBFalse第4題Whichofthefollowingisnotoneofthethreepillarsofdecarbonization?AEnergyefficiencyandconservationmeasuresBProductionoflowcarbonelectricityCReducingGDPpercapitaDSwitchingoffuelsfromhightolowcarbonenergycarriers第5題Inthebusiness-as-usualscenariothatProfessorGuerincitesinChapter4,emissionsfromallsectorsarerising.Inwhichsectordoemissionsrisethefastest?APowergenerationBTransportCBuildingsDAgriculture第6題TrueorFalse:Emissionsfromthedifferentsectorsarereducedindifferentproportionsbecausetheydonothavethesametechnicalmitigationpotentialnorthesameoptionstoreducetheiremissions.ATrueBFalse第7題Selectallthatapply:Stayingwithinthe2-degreelimitrequiresdeepemissionreductionsinwhichsectors?APowergenerationBIndustryCTransportDBuilding正確答案：ABCD第8題Whatisthedefinitionofenergyintensity?ATheamountofenergyweconsumeperunitofGDPweproduceBTheamountofGDPweproduceperunitofenergyCTheamountofcarbonemissionsperunitofenergyweconsumeDTheamountofenergyweconsumeperunitofcarbonemissions第9題WhichofthefollowingtypesofenergydohavedirectemissionsofCO2?ANuclearpowerBHydropowerCFossilfuelsDSolarenergy第10題TrueorFalse:Energylossesthatoccurduringenergytransformationprocessesrepresentthedifferencebetweenprimaryenergyandfinalenergy.ATrueBFalseWeek6Quiz--作業(yè)第1題Thegreatestchallengeinrelationtorenewableenergiesislikelytobehowtopowersystemswithhighpenetrationofrenewableenergy.Whatisthemajorreasonforthis?ABecausesolarandwindenergyaretoopowerfultoharnessBBecausesolarandwindenergyareintrinsicallytimevariableCBecausesolarandwindenergyarenotavailableallovertheworldDBecausesolarandwindenergyemitmassiveamountsofcarbon第2題TrueorFalse:Manyofthetechnologiesthatarerequiredtoreduceemissionsfromenergysystemsarealreadyavailableanddeployedatasignificantscaleintheglobaleconomy.ATrueBFalse第3題Selectallthatapply:Whataresomeoftheseriousobstaclesstandinginthewayoflargerscaledeploymentofnuclearenergyworldwide?APublicresistanceBConcernsoverthesafetyofnuclearreactorsCAnxietyabouttheriskofproliferationDWorriesabouttheissuesofwastemanagementEConcernsoverthecostsofnuclearenergy正確答案：ABCDE第4題Whatisthemajorreasonthatthetechnologiescommerciallyavailabletodayarenotsufficienttoachievedeepdecarbonization?AExistingtechnologiesaretooexpensiveforwidespreaddeploymentBExistingtechnologiesaretooundevelopedCExistingtechnologiesaredependentontheextractionofpreciousmetalsDExistingtechnologiesarenonexistent第5題TrueorFalse:Electriccarsarealwaysconsideredalow-carbonsolutionfortransport.ATrueBFalse第6題Selectallthatapply:Whataretheobjectivesoffourthgenerationnuclearreactors?ATomakesurenuclearreactorsaremoresimplesothatreactorsarelessvulnerabletoconstructiondelaysandcostoverrunsBToaddressproliferationconcernsCTomakeitmuchmoredifficulttodivertmaterialsfornuclearweaponsatanypointinthefuelcycleDToimprovesafetythroughtheuseofpassivesafetysystems正確答案：ABCD第7題WhichofthefollowingisNOTageologicalsitetostoreCO2mentionedbyProfessorGuerin?AUnmineablecoalbedsBEmptyoilandgasfieldsCDeepsalineaquifersDTreeroots第8題Selectallthatapply:Inwhichofthefollowingindustrieshavetechnologyroadmapsbeenusedsuccessfully?ASemiconductorindustryBClimateChangeCElectricalvehiclesDGenetics正確答案：AD第9題Whatisthedefinitionofgridparity?AThecostatwhichlow-carbontechnologiesbecomeundesirablealternativestofossilfuelsBThecostatwhichlow-carbontechnologiesbecomemoreexpensivethanalternativeformsofenergyCThecostatwhichlow-carbontechnologiesbecomedeployablewithinallsectorsoftheeconomyDThecostatwhichlow-carbontechnologiesbecomecompetitivewithalternativeformsofenergy第10題WhatisthemajordownsidetousingbiofuelsfortransportmentionedbyProfessorGuerin?ATheyrequiretheconstructionofnewinfrastructureBTheywouldnotbecompatiblewithcurrentvehiclesCTheycompetewithothercriticallanduses,suchasfoodproductionDTheyareextremelycostlyWeek7Quiz--作業(yè)第1題TrueorFalse:Deepdecarbonizationisfeasible.ATrueBFalse第2題BeforetheDDPPbegan,therehadbeenmanyglobalstudiesproducedshowinghowtoachievedeepemissionsreductions.WhatdidtheDDPPaimtododifferentlyfromthesestudies?AApplydifferentmodelsataveryhighlevelofunderstandingBApplydifferentspecialiststodifferentareasofinterestCMakeaconvincingcaseforactionatthenationallevelDMakeaconvincingargumentattheinternationallevel第3題Selectallthatapply:Whichcountries'pathwaysincludeaveryhighshare(greaterthan20%)oftheirelectricitycomingfromsolarenergyby2050?AAustraliaBMexicoCSouthAfricaDSouthKorea正確答案：ABCD第4題TrueorFalse:Themitigationtargetsadoptedin2009and2010atCopenhagenandCancúnarecollectivelysufficienttoputtheworldonatrajectorythatwouldbeconsistentwiththe2-degreelimit.ATrueBFalse第5題Fillintheblank:TheresultsofresearchconductedfortheDDPPshowthepivotalroleplayedby_________inthedeepdecarbonizationstrategiesofall15participatorycountries.AElectricityBBuildingsCAgricultureDIndustry第6題Selectallthatapply:Whichofthefollowingactorsshouldbeinvolvedinthediscussionoverdeepdecarbonizationpathways?APolicymakersBHardandSocialScientistsCBusinessesDCivilSociety正確答案：ABCD第7題SelectTWOofthefollowing:ProfessorGuerinarguesthatprevious(beforeDDPP)emissionsreductionstrategiesareinsufficientfortworeasons.Whatarethey?ATheyarenotsufficientlydetailed;theyneedtobebasedonthemostpreciseavailableestimatesofmitigationpotentialBTheyarenotaccurateorcomplete;theyarebasedonoutdateddatathatwasimproperlyusedCTheydon'tneedtobedevelopedincountry;itisbetterfortheinternationalexpertstoconceivethemDTheyneedtobedevelopedwithincountriestobecomethebasisforapublicpolicydiscussion正確答案：AD第8題TrueorFalse:ADDPisaroadmaporablueprintofhowtotransitiontoalow-carboneconomyinlinewiththeglobal2-degreelimit.ATrueBFalse第9題Selectallthatapply:WhichofthefollowingarenecessarytoensurethesuccessofDDPs?AGlobalpublic-privateefforttodevelop,demonstrate,anddiffusenewlow-carbontechnologiesBGlobalcommitmentstothe2-degreetargetCGlobaltechnologyandpolicycooperationDBusinessandgovernmentmonetarycommitments正確答案：ABCD第10題TrueorFalse:Allofthe15countriesintheDDPPareatthesamestageofdevelopment,whichiswhytheycanallparticipateatfullcapacity.ATrueBFalseWeek8Quiz--作業(yè)第1題WhichofthefollowingdoesProf.Sachsarguecanbebothapropellantofdevelopmentaswellasafundamentalbarriertodevelopmentdependingonwhetherornotacountryhasit/them?AGoodgovernanceBResourcesCRuleofLawDTechnology第2題Selectallthatapply:WhichofthefollowingaretopicsthatwillbediscuseedattheConferenceonFinancingforSustainableDevelopment?AHowtofindwaysforpoorcountriestoaccesselectricityBHowtofindwaystofinanceresearch,development,anddemonstrationofnewtechnologiesforlow-carbonenergyCHowtofindwaystocreateaglobalcarbontaxDHowtofindwaystocompensatecountriesthatexperiencesignificantclimate-relatedlosses正確答案：ABD第3題Theentiretyofwhichcontinentwasresponsibleforonly15%oftheworld'spopulationand3%ofglobalCO2emissionsor,inotherwords,1/5perpersonoftheworldaverageemissionsaccordingto2011data?ASouthAmericaBAntarcticaCSouthAsiaDAfrica第4題WhichofthefollowingisNOTpredictedtodecreasecropyieldsinAfrica?ADeclineofsoilmoistureBIncreasedrainfallCHighertemperaturesDHigherratesofevapotranspiration第5題Selectallthatapply:WhichofthefollowingaresolutionsthatcanimproveaneconomywithoutmodernenergyservicesthatProf.SachsmentionsinChapter2?ALiquifiedpetroleumgas(LPG)BSolar-poweredwaterpumpsCLEDbulbsDTwo-wheeltractors正確答案：ABCD第6題TrueorFalse:TheSustainableDevelopmentGoalsarelegally-binding.ATrueBFalse第7題WhichfossilfuelwasrecentlydiscoveredoffthecoastofAfrica?ANaturalgasBOilCCoaldepositsDUnnaturalgas第8題WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthethreebignegotiations,mentionedinthelecture,thatneedtobecompletedsuccessfullyin2015inordertomoveforwardwithclimatechangemitigation?ACOP21ParisBSDGnegotiationsattheU.N.GeneralAssemblyCCOP20LimaDTheConferenceonFinancingforSustainableDevelopmentinAddisAbaba第9題Fillintheblank:AccordingtoProf.Sachs,oneofthefactorsthatmadeAfricavulnerabletoimperialdominationforahundredyearssincethesecondhalfofthe19thCenturywaslacking_______.AOildepositsBNaturalgasCCapableclimatologistsDCoalreserves第10題Themeansofimplementationgoal,discussedinChapter5,iswrittenintotheSDGsinordertohelpanswerthemanyquestionsofhowtoachievethesegoals,especiallyuniversalaccesstosustainableandmodernenergy.WheredoesProf.SachsarguethefinancingforthisaddedassistanceforthepoorestcountriesintheworldshouldNOTcomefrom?APensionfundsBSovereignwealthfundsCInsurancecompanyfundsDPublicmoneyWeek9Quiz--作業(yè)第1題Whatistheoptimalextentofmitigation?AWhenthemarginalbenefitofremovinganextratonofcarbondioxideislessthanthemarginalcostofremovingtheextratonBWhenthemarginalbenefitofremovinganextratonofcarbondioxideequalsthemarginalcostofremovingtheextratonCWhenthemarginalcostofremovinganextratonofcarbondioxideislessthan0DWhenthemarginalbenefitofremovinganextratonofcarbondioxideis0第2題WhatisthedefinitionofParetoimprovementinabargainingsituation?AWhennoneofthepartiesofthebargainarebetteroffthantheywereinthebaselinesituationBWhenonepartyofthebargainisbetteroffthantheywereinthebaselinesituationCWhenallpartiesofthebargainarebetteroffthantheywereinthebaselinesituationDWhenallpartiesofthebargainarebetteroffbyascaleof2xthantheywereinthebaselinesituation第3題WhatisthekeywaytocombineefficiencyandfairnessinclimatenegotiationsthatProfessorSachsproposes?ASidefinancialpaymentsfromthedevelopingcountriestodevelopedBSidefinancialpaymentsfromthedevelopedcountriestodevelopingCDevelopingcountriesanddevelopeddecarbonizethesameamountDDevelopingcountriesdecarbonizelessthandevelopedcountries第4題Selectallthatapply:AccordingtoProf.Sachs,theuncertaintiesofclimatenegotiationsinclude:ATechnologyBFuturecostsCTimingofclimateeventsDCapacitytoadapt正確答案：ABCD第5題Selectallthatapply:Whichofthefollowingarethekeytopicsoftheclimatenegotiationsoccurringin2015asdescribedbyProf.Sachs?AUpdatingBFinancingCCapacitybuildingDAdaptation正確答案：ABCD第6題Whichgroupofnegotiatorstendstobeattributedtothefollowingargument?“Wefeelthatfairnessultimatelyisaboutourrighttodevelop,notoursharingofaparticularlevelofburdenofmitigation.”ADevelopingcountriesBRichnationsCNon-emergingeconomiesDConflictzones第7題AccordingtothesimplegametheorymatrixProfessorSachsshowsinChapter4ofLecture9,whichofthefollowingsituationsresultsinthelargesttotalglobalGDPincrease?ABothcountriesmitigateBCountry1mitigatesbutCountry2doesnotCCountry2mitigatesbutCountry2doesnotDNeithercountrymitigates第8題Selectallthatapply:WhataresomeofthemechanismsforenforcinginternationaltreatiesthatProfessorSachsmentionsinChapter4?AImposingfinancialpenaltiesBBordertaxesCTradeembargosDWar正確答案：ABC第9題Selectallthatapply:Whenitcomestoclimatechangewhathastooccurinordertoseelong-termimprovementsinGHGemissions?(Hint:Thisisoneofthereasonsitisdifficulttocometoanagreement)AAtransformationoftheeconomyBAtransformationoftheenergysystemCAtransformationofourtechnologiesDAtransformationofbehaviors正確答案：ABCD第10題Fillintheblank:Efficiencycanbesummarizedaslow-costorleastcost,but_______referstowhoactuallybearsthecostsintheend.AEqualityBEquityCFrugalityDFairnessFinalExam--作業(yè)第1題WhatdoestheacronymDDPstandfor?ADevalueCarbonProjectBDeepDecarbonizationPathwayCDecarbonizationDecadePathwayDDenseDecarbonizationProject第2題TrueorFalse:Strandingfossilfuelresourceswillhaveveryhighdistributionalconsequencesbecausenotallcountriesareequalinregardstotheirnaturalendowmentoffossilfuels.ATrueBFalse第3題Selectallthatapply:Whichofthebelowaretypesofenergytransformationprocessesregularlyusedtopowertheglobaleconomy?AOilrefineriesBPowerplantsCHeatplantsDHeatingblankets正確答案：ABC第4題WhichofthefollowingisNOTaPlanetaryBoundary?AOceanacidificationBAtmosphericaerosolloadingCAnthropogenicmethaneloadingDBiodiversityloss第5題Fillintheblank:Thefirsttimethe2-degreeCelsiuslimitwaspickeduppoliticallyasthegloballimitwasatthe___________.Thiswassignificantbecausethisgroupofhigh-emittingcountriesacknowledgedthescienceofclimatechangeasatopicworthputtingintotheirnational(andglobal)policyagendas.AEuropeanUnionEnvironmentCouncilBUNCouncilonEconomicSecurityCRio+55DUNFPA第6題Selectallthatapply:Whataresomereasonsithasproveddifficulttogofromthebusinessasusual(BAU)pointtopoint"C",thecooperativeParetoimprovingnegotiatingoutcome?AItisnotanimmediateprocessBThereareenormousuncertaintiesCThenecessarytransitionisnotself-evidentnortransparentDTherearepowerfulasymmetriesaroundthenegotiatingtableECountriesdifferintheirdefinitionsofwhatisfairFThereisaproblemoftrustbetweennegotiators正確答案：ABCDEF第7題TrueorFalse:Africaremainsimpoverishedtoday,inpart,becauseofalackofmodernenergyservices.ATrueBFalse第8題SelectTWOofthefollowing:Since1970,whathavebeenthetwomajordriversofgreenhousegasemissions?APopulationgrowthBHealthcarereformCEconomicstagnationDGDPgrowth正確答案：AD第9題Selectallthatapply:Thepowergridneedstobeabletomatchenergydemandandenergysupplyonamomenttomomentbasistomaintainthefunctionalityofthepowersystem.Howhasthis,traditionally,beenaccomplishedthroughouttheworldsincetheIndustrialRevolution?ASolarpanelsBCoal-firedpowerplantsCNuclearpowerplantsDLargegenerators正確答案：BCD第10題WhichofthefollowingtypesofenergyhaveDIRECTemissionsofCO2?ANuclearpowerBHydropowerCFossilfuelsDRenewableenergysuchassolarorwind第11題TrueorFalse:TheatmosphericlifetimeofCH4(methane)islongerthanthatofCO2(carbondioxide).ATrueBFalse第12題Selectallthatapply:Low-costalternativestofreely-emittingfossilfuel-basedtechnologiesarepoisedtoachievemuchhigherpenetrationratesinthefutureglobaleconomyif:AWeimplementtherightpoliciestoincentivizetheirfurtherdeploymentBWedonotinvestinRandDCWeincreasethepricingofcarbonandthepriceofhigh-carbonalternativesDWeaddresspublicconcernsaboutsafetyandenvironmentalimpacts正確答案：ACD第13題WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthethreemainpillarsofsustainabledevelopmentthattheUNGeneralAssemblyadoptedincreatingaholisticframeworktodrivetheformationoftheSDGs?APromotingsocialinclusionofwomenandminoritiesespeciallyinensuringthehumanrightsofallindividualsofaccesstopublicservicesBSafeguardingtherightsofallthosewhowillbeaffectedbyclimatechange,specificallythebigemittingcountriesCFightingpovertyandpromotingeconomicdevelopmentDEnvironmentalsustainability第14題Selectallthatapply:Whichobstaclesmustbeovercomeforcarboncaptureandsequestration(CCS)tobecomearealoptionthatcouldbedeployedinmanycountries?ACostBTheverificationthatcarbonisreallysequesteredunderthegroundCScaleDResourceuse正確答案：ABC第15題Fillintheblank:____________,meaninghuman-induced,climatechangeisathreattothestabilityoftheGreenhouseEffect.AAnthropocentricBAnthropoceneCAnthropomorphicDAnthropogenic第16題Howdofluorine-basedgasesgetemittedintotheatmosphere?AFromrefrigerantsBFromcowsCFromricepaddiesDFromgaspipelines第17題Selectallthatapply:Whichofthefollowingareconsideredbothenergyefficiencyandenergyconservationinitiatives?AVehiclesusinglessgasolineforexampleperkilometertraveledBPublictransportationsystemsCSmartarchitecturaldesignDLessenergyintensiveconstructionmaterials正確答案：ABCD第18題ProfessorSachssuggeststhatmitigationismoreexpensiveinthehigh-incomecountriesandlessexpensiveinthelow-incomecountriesforallthefollowingreasonsE