電子商務(wù)英語Lesson

1Lesson

2Lesson

3Lesson

4ENDWhat

is

the

Internet電子商務(wù)英語conceive

vt.構(gòu)思original

adj.最初的，原始的route

n.路線v.發(fā)送cooperate

vi.合作，協(xié)作facility

n.容易，靈巧，設(shè)備，工具instant

adj.即時的，立即的relevant

adj.相關(guān)的equivalent

adj.相當?shù)膕elf-sustaining 自支持，自持續(xù)Transmission

Control

Protocol/InternetProtocol(TCP/IP)傳輸控制協(xié)議/網(wǎng)際協(xié)議electronic

mail(e-mail)電子郵件Internet

Relay

Chat(IRC)在線聊天系統(tǒng)real-time實時change

into

改變，變化，變成transfer

to 遷移，移動劃線部分為介詞前置的定語從句The

Internet,

sometimes

called

simply

"theNet,"

is

a

worldwide

system

of

computernetworks

-

a

network

of

networks

in

which

users

at

any

one

computer

can,

if

theyhavepermission,

get

information

from

any

other

computer

(and

sometimes

talk

directly

to

users

at

other

computers).因特網(wǎng)，有時直接就叫“網(wǎng)絡(luò)”，是一個全球性的計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)——一個網(wǎng)際網(wǎng)絡(luò)。在這個網(wǎng)絡(luò)里，任何一個使用者經(jīng)過許可，可在任一臺電腦上獲取別的電腦上的信息（有時是直接與別的電腦上的使用者對話）。conceivevt.構(gòu)思,設(shè)想

ARPA(美國國防部)高級研究計劃署

劃線部分為定語從句It

was

conceived

by

the

AdvancedResearchProjects

Agency

(ARPA)oftheU.S.

government

in

1969

and

was

first

known

as

theARPANET.

The

original

aim

was

to

create

a

network

that

would

allow

users

of

a

research

computer

at

one

university

tobe

able

to"talkto"

research

computers

at

other

universities.它是由美國政府的ARPA機構(gòu)于1969年設(shè)計，以“ARPA”網(wǎng)為名。最初的目的是想創(chuàng)建一個網(wǎng)絡(luò)，以便某所大學(xué)的電腦研究使用者能與另外大學(xué)的研究計算機對話。benefit

n.利益,好處劃線部分為原因狀語從句in

the

event

ofadv.如果...發(fā)生A

side

benefit

ofARPANet's

design

was

that,because

messages

could

be

routed

orreroutedin

more

than

one

direction,

the

network

couldcontinue

to

function

even

if

parts

of

it

weredestroyed

in

the

event

of

a

military

attack

orother

disaster.ARPA網(wǎng)設(shè)計的另一個優(yōu)點就是，即使它的一部分在軍事襲擊或災(zāi)難事件中被破壞，網(wǎng)絡(luò)依然能夠持續(xù)運行，因為訊息的發(fā)送或再發(fā)送不是單一方向。self-sustaining自支持，自持

續(xù)facilityn.設(shè)備,工具劃線部分為形容詞短語做后置定語Today,

the

Internet

is

a

public,

cooperative,

andself-sustaining

facility

accessible

to

hundreds

of

millions

of

peopleworldwide.

Physically,

theInternet

uses

aportion

of

thetotal

resourcesofthe

currently

existing

public

telecommunicationnetworks.如今因特網(wǎng)是一個能被成千上萬的人可獲取的公共的、合作性的、自我支撐的工具。從自身來說，因特網(wǎng)使用了部分目前現(xiàn)有的公共電訊網(wǎng)絡(luò)總資源.劃線部分為主語從句a

set

of一組,一套

adaptationn.改編,改寫本make

useofv.使用，利用Technically,

what

distinguishes

the

Internet

isits

useofasetofprotocolscalled

TCP/IP

(for

Transmission

Control

Protocol/InternetProtocol).

Two

recent

adaptations

of

Internettechnology,

the

intranet

and

the

extranet,

also

make

use

of

the

TCP/IP

protocol.從技術(shù)上說，區(qū)分因特網(wǎng)的是它使用的一套叫TCP/IP的協(xié)議（傳輸控制協(xié)議/網(wǎng)際協(xié)議）。近年來兩項因特網(wǎng)技術(shù)的改編版本，內(nèi)聯(lián)網(wǎng)、外聯(lián)網(wǎng)也使用了TCP/IP協(xié)議。applicationn.應(yīng)用,運用carry

on

v.繼續(xù)開展,進行real-time

adj.[計]實時的,接到指

示立即執(zhí)行的For

many

Internet

users,

electronic

mail(e-mail)

has

practically

replaced

the

Postal

Service

forshortwritten

transactions.

Electronic

mail

is

the

mostwidely

used

application

on

the

Net.

You

can

alsocarry

on

live

"conversations"

with

other

computerusers,

using

Internet

Relay

Chat

(IRC).More

recently,

Internet

telephony

hardware

and

softwareallows

real-time

voice

conversations.對許多因特網(wǎng)使用者而言，電子郵件（E-mail）實際上已取代了簡短書寫事務(wù)處理的郵政服務(wù)。E-mail是因特網(wǎng)上使用最廣泛的工具。通過使用在線聊天系統(tǒng)，你可以和別的電腦使用者開展現(xiàn)場聊天。最近的發(fā)展使得因特網(wǎng)電話的硬件和軟件已達到實現(xiàn)實時聲音的交談。that指代前面的functionlocation

n.位置,場所,特定區(qū)域methodologyn.方法學(xué),方法論direct

vt.指引,指示,指揮The

function

of

the

Postal

Service

is

very

similar

tothat

of

the

Internet,

as

it

is

designed

to

transferinformation

and

resources

between

locations

in

theUnited

States.

Individualsplace

letters

into

thePostal

Service's

care

using

a

common

methodology(protocol)

and

the

Postal

Service

uses

a

standardmethod

for

directing

a

letter

from

its

source

to

itsdestination.當郵政服務(wù)被設(shè)計用來在美國地區(qū)間傳遞信息與資源時，它的功能和因特網(wǎng)的功能很像。個人使用一個共同的方法（協(xié)議）把信件投入郵政投遞而且郵政局使用一個標準方法來引導(dǎo)一封信從出發(fā)點到目的地。be

equivalent

to相等[當]于...,等(同)于,與...等效A

house

with

a

mailbox

is

equivalent

to

acomputer

on

a

network.

That

house'sneighborhood

with

it's

Postal

Service

worker

isequivalent

to

an

individual

network.

With

thisin

mind,

consider

these

two

examples:一間有信箱的房屋就相當于網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的一臺計算機。這所房屋的鄰近地區(qū)和它的郵政服務(wù)人員就相當于一個子網(wǎng)絡(luò)。帶著這種觀念考慮這兩個例子：劃線部分為定語從句牢騷

compose

v.組成,寫作,排字On

Elm

Street

in

Raleigh,

North

Carolina,

the

woman

who

lives

in

the

red

house

(110

Elm

Street)

would

like

to

send

a

complaintletter

to

the

man

who

owns

three

barking

dogs

in

the

blue

house

(119

ElmStreet).

The

woman

composes

a

letter

to

the

offensivedog-owner

and

then

delivers

it

herselfto

hismailbox.complaint

n.She

can

easily

find

the

blue

house,since

it

is

directly訴苦,抱怨,across

the

street

from

her.在北卡羅萊納州，羅利的橡樹街，居住在紅房子（橡樹街110號）的一個女人想發(fā)一封投訴信給居住在藍房子（橡樹街119號）的

有三條吼叫的狗的男人。這個女人起草了給這個討厭的狗主人的信然后親自投到他的郵箱。她可以輕而易舉的找到那個藍房子，因為那個房子就在她家的馬路正對面。劃線部分為定語從句送Down

the

street,

in

200

Elm

Street

in

Raleigh,NorthCarolina,

a

womanwishes

to

send

a

letter

to

her

grandson,who

lives

at

318

Oak

Street

in

Springfield,

Ohio.

Shecomposes

the

letter,

but

is

unable

to

deliver

it

herself,because

she

does

not

know

how

to

get

to

that

exactaddress,

or

even

to

Springfield,

Ohio.

She

seeks

the

helpof

the

Postal

Service

by

properly-addressing

the

letter

anddeliver

vt.遞leaving

it

in

her

mailbox

with

the

flag

up.沿著這條街向下，在北卡羅萊納州，羅利的橡樹街200號，一個女人希望郵一封信給她的住在俄亥俄州春地的奧克街318號的孫子。她寫這封信，但是不能親自去送，因為她不知道到達確切的地址，或者甚至不知道怎么到達春地，奧克街。她通過標明信件地址并

把信投入到自己信箱中的發(fā)信欄中來尋求郵政局的幫助。sortv.分類,揀選劃線部分為定語從句routev.發(fā)送A

Postal

Service

worker

takesthe

letter

fromthe

woman's

mailbox

to

the

Post

Office

inRaleigh,

NC.

While

there

is

no

way

to

send

theletter

directly

to

318

Oak

Street

in

Springfield,Ohio,

the

staff

at

the

Raleigh

Post

Officeareable

to

send

the

letter

to

the

Washington,

D.C.Sorting

Facility

that

can

route

it

towards

Springfield.郵遞員從這位女士的郵箱中取走這封信帶到羅利郵局。雖然這里也沒有辦法直接把這封信送到俄亥俄州春地的奧克街318號，羅利郵局的員工能夠把這封信發(fā)送到華盛頓分揀中心，在那里能夠把這封信發(fā)送到春地。劃線部分為過去分詞短語做定語assignvt.分配,指派The

letter

is

sent

to

the

Sorting

Facility,

whereit

is

sent

to

the

Springfield,

Ohio

Post

Office,and

from

there,

the

letter

is

given

to

the

PostOffice

worker

assigned

to

Oak

Street.

The

Postal

worker

delivers

the

letter

to

the

mailboxat

318

Oak

Street

in

Springfield,Ohio.這封信被送到分揀中心，在那里它被送到俄亥俄春地郵局并且從那里把這封信交給負責(zé)奧克街的郵遞員。這個郵遞員把這封信遞送到俄亥俄州春地的奧克街318號的信箱里。peern.同等的人one

another

n.彼此,相互

劃線部分為

定語從句In

the

first

example,

we

see

how

a

small

networkoperates.

Member

computers

of

that

network

caneasily

send

items

to

their

peers,

as

they

are

all

within"eyesight"

of

each

other

and

can

easily

find

oneanother.

In

the

second

example,

there

is

an

"inter-network."

A

memberofone

network

can

send

itemsto

a

member

of

a

second

network

by

passing

thatitem

through

a

system

that

can

"route"

the

item

to

its

destination.在第一個例子中，我們了解到了一個小型網(wǎng)絡(luò)是怎么工作的。在那個網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的成員計算機能夠彼此發(fā)送信息，當它們都在彼此的“視野”內(nèi)并且能輕易的互相找到。在第二個例子中，存在一個網(wǎng)間網(wǎng)絡(luò)，通過一個可以路由信息到它的目的地的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，一個網(wǎng)絡(luò)的成員可以發(fā)送消息給第二個網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的成員。劃線部分為過去分詞短語做非限定性定語periodn.句點,句號While

houses

with

mailboxes

have

streetaddresses,

computers

on

networks

have"IPAddresses".

Under

the

most

common

standard,these

IP

Addresses

aremade

up

offournumbers

between

1

and255,

separated

by

periods.

Here

are

some

example

IP

Addresses:有信箱的房屋有街道地址，而在網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的計算機有“IP地址”。通常的標準下，這些IP地址由四個1到255之間的數(shù)字組成，由小數(shù)點分開。這是一些IP地址的例子。identifyv.確定劃線部分為定語從句specific

adj.詳細而精確的,明確的Typically,

the

first

three

numbers

represent

thenetwork

(or

"street")

and

the

lastnumberidentifies

theparticular

computer

(the"house/mailbox").

In

the

three

numbers

that

represent

the

network

also

become

more

specific,with

the

first

number

usually

referring

to

a

largeblock

of

networks,

the

second

to

a

smaller

block,and

the

third

to

an

even

smaller

block.代表性的，前三個數(shù)字代表網(wǎng)絡(luò)（或“街道”）最后一個數(shù)

字指向特定的計算機（房屋/信箱）。在表示網(wǎng)絡(luò)的這三個數(shù)字里也變得更加具體，第一個數(shù)字通常表示大的區(qū)域網(wǎng)絡(luò)，第二個指向一個較小的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，第三個指向更小的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。劃線一為定語從句從句

assistancen.協(xié)助,援助Let's

assume

that

the

computer

that

has

the

IP

Address

of

6

needs

to

send

a

piece

ofdata

to

the

computer

with

the

address

of98.

Thesourcecomputer

knows

fromthe

first

three

numbers

in

the

target

address

thatthe

destination

computer

is

in

a

different

network.劃線二為賓語The

source

computer

will

needoutsideassistanceto

send

the

data

to

its

destination.讓我們設(shè)想一下一臺IP地址是6的計算機需要發(fā)送一些數(shù)據(jù)到IP地址是98的計算機。源計算機從目標計算機的地址的頭三位數(shù)字上知道目標計算機在不同的網(wǎng)絡(luò)里。源計算機需要外部協(xié)助來發(fā)送信息到目標。劃線一為定語從句劃線二為過去分詞短語做定語劃線三為不定式短語做定語Every

network

on

the

Internet

has

at

least

onemember

computer

that

serves

as

a

"gateway"to

the

outside

world.

This

member

is

equivalentto

the

Postal

Service

workers

assigned

toElm

Street

and

Oak

Street,

as

it

only

has

the

abilityto

send

data

in

the

correct

general

direction

rather

than

in

the

exact

direction.所有因特網(wǎng)上的網(wǎng)絡(luò)都至少有一臺成員計算機作為通向外部世界的“網(wǎng)關(guān)”。這個成員相當于分配給橡樹街和奧克街的郵政工人。因為它只能在一個正確的大的方向而不是確定的方向上發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)。gateway

n.門,通路,網(wǎng)關(guān)

specialized

專門的,特制的desktop

n.[計]桌面桌上型電腦This

gateway

can

also

receive

datafromanother

network

and

deliver

it

to

a

specificmember

computer

in

its

network.This

gatewaycomputer

is

often

a

specialized

computer,

not

anormal

desktop

PC.網(wǎng)關(guān)也能從另一個網(wǎng)絡(luò)接受數(shù)據(jù)并且分發(fā)給自己網(wǎng)絡(luò)內(nèi)的一個特定的成員計算機。網(wǎng)關(guān)一般是一個特制的計算機，不是普通的桌面計算機。定性定語從句分詞短語做定語The

gateway

will

not

know

how

to

send

the

datadirectly

to

the

gateway

for

98's

network,butit

will

be

able

to

send

the

data

to

a

largergateway,

called

a

router,

which

can

make

a

betterdecision

on

the

best

direction

for

the

data.This

is劃線一為非限equivalent

to

Elm

Street's

Postal

Service

workertaking

the

letter

to

the

Raleigh,North

Carolina

Pos劃t

線二為現(xiàn)在Office.這個網(wǎng)關(guān)將不知道怎樣直接把數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送到98地址所在的網(wǎng)絡(luò)的網(wǎng)關(guān)，但是它能發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)到一個更

大的叫路由器的網(wǎng)關(guān)，這個路由器能做出數(shù)據(jù)最佳路

徑的更好的決定，這相當于橡樹街郵政職工帶著這封

信到羅利，北卡羅萊納州郵政局。know

of知道有...劃線部分為定語從句The

larger

router

will

know

of

an

even

larger,

more

important

router

that

can

make

the

best

decision

for

the

direction

of

the

data,

and

it

willsend

the

data

to

that

larger

router,

just

astheRaleigh

Post

Office

will

send

the

letter

to

theWashington

Sorting

Facility

for

routing

toSpringfield.這個較大的路由器將知道一個能對數(shù)據(jù)路徑做出最好決定的更大的更重要的路由器，并且它將把數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送到這個大路由器，就好像羅利郵局發(fā)送這封信到華盛頓分揀中心以便發(fā)送到春地一樣。劃線一為形容詞短語做后置定語劃線二、三均為省略句劃線四為同位語The

larger

router

sends

the

datato

the

routerresponsible

for

all

networks

with

"64.54"

in

theiraddresses,

equivalent

to

theSpringfieldPost

Office,and

the

64.54

router

sends

the

data

to

the

gatewayfor

the

"64.54.23"

network,

equivalent

to

the

OakStreet

Postal

Worker.

This

gateway

delivers

thedatato

it's

target,

the

computer

with

the

78

address.這個更大的路由器發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)到負責(zé)所有地址中包含64.54的網(wǎng)絡(luò)的路由器，相當于發(fā)送到春地郵局，并且這個64.54路由器發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)到64.54.23網(wǎng)絡(luò)的網(wǎng)關(guān)，相當于到奧克街的郵遞員。這個網(wǎng)關(guān)發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)到它的目標，那個有著78地址的計算機。1.conceive

vt.構(gòu)想conceive

a

plan

to

increase

profits.構(gòu)想出一個增加利潤的計劃2.route

n.路線v.發(fā)送They

routed

the

goods

by

way

of

Germany.他們經(jīng)由德國運送貨物。3.cooperate

vi.合作，協(xié)作The

British

cooperated

with

the

French

in

building

the

newcraft.英、法兩國合作制造這種新式飛船。4.facility

n.設(shè)備，工具Thereare

facilities

for

cooking

in

the

kitchen.廚房里有烹飪設(shè)備。5.carry

on開展；從事carry

on

a

thriving

business經(jīng)營繁忙的生意carry

on

a

love

affair正在談戀愛6.equivalent

adj.（常與to連用）相同的；同等的He

changed

his

pounds

for

theequivalentamountofdollars.他把英磅換成了等值的美元。7.peer

n.同輩，同等的人children

whoareeasily

influencedby

their

peers.易受同齡人影響的孩子英語單詞記憶法讀音規(guī)則記憶法它就是按照元音字母、元音字母組合、輔音字母及輔音字母組合在開音節(jié)和閉音節(jié)的讀音規(guī)律記憶。例如：ea，ee，er，ir，ur，or等。還有些固定的字母組合，例如：tion，ture，ing，ly，ty和各種前綴、后綴，例如：a-，re-，un-，dis-，im-；-ed，-ing，-ly，-er，-or，-ful，-y等都有其比較固定的發(fā)音。聯(lián)想記憶法例如：打球時聯(lián)想到：ball，(play)basketball，(play)

football，(play)volleyball，playground等等；吃飯時聯(lián)想到：dining-room，(have)breakfast，(have)lunch，(have)

supper等等；睡覺時聯(lián)想到：bed，bedroom，go

to

bed，sleep，go

to

sleep，fall

asleep等等。構(gòu)詞記憶法派生法。常用的前綴in-，im-，un-，dis-等表示否定含義；后綴-er，-or，-ist等表示人；后綴-y，-ly，-ful等表示形容詞性等。合成法。如：black（黑色的）＋board（木板）

blackboard（黑板），class（班）＋room（房間）

classroom（教室），foot（腳）＋ball（球）

football（足球）等。轉(zhuǎn)化法。如：water（n.水）

water（v.澆水），lift（v.舉起）lift（n.電梯），last（adj.過去的）

last（v.持續(xù)）等。循環(huán)記憶法

1．熟悉詞義。在這一階段主要是對單詞詞義的基本了解。選擇兩種記憶模式“英譯中”或“中譯英”。掌握拼寫。單詞例句。How

was

the

InternetInvented?電子商務(wù)英語innovationmilitaryn.改革，創(chuàng)新

adj.軍事的，軍用的triggermissileenvisageprotocolvt.引發(fā)，引起，觸發(fā)n.扳機

n.導(dǎo)彈v.正視n.草案，協(xié)議render

vt.呈遞，表演，著色，實施animationvolunteercurtsyn.活潑，有生氣

n.志愿者n.屈膝禮vi行屈膝禮establish

vt.建立v.建立Defence

Advanced

Research

Projects

Agency(DARPA)國防高級優(yōu)先計劃局Information

Processing

Techniques

Office(IPTO)信息處理技術(shù)辦公室Semi-Automatic

Ground

Environment(SAGE)半自動地面防空警備裝置Interface

Message

Processor(IMP)接口信息處理機National

Science

Foundation(NSF)國家科學(xué)基金會World

Wide

Web(WWW,WEB)萬維網(wǎng)sputnikn.(蘇聯(lián))人造地球衛(wèi)星beatingv.挫敗Many

people

think

that

the

Internet

is

a

recentinnovation,

when

in

fact

the

fundamental

ideasbehind

the

Internet

have

been

around

for

over

a

quarter

century.The

development

of

what

we

now

call

theInternet

started

in

1957

when

the

Soviet

Unionlaunched

Sputnik

1,

the

first

satellite,

beatingthe

UnitedStates

into

space.許多人認為因特網(wǎng)是近期的革新，事實上因特網(wǎng)背后的基本思想已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)近30年了。我們現(xiàn)在叫做因特網(wǎng)的事物的發(fā)展開始于1957年，當時蘇聯(lián)發(fā)射了斯普特尼克1號，第一顆人造地球衛(wèi)星，在太空戰(zhàn)勝了美國人。at

the

time

當時,在那個時候USSR

n.蘇聯(lián)triggervt.引發(fā)，引起，觸發(fā)DARPA國防高級優(yōu)先計劃局The

powers

behind

the

American

military

at

the

time

became

highly

alarmed

as

this

meantthat

the

USSR

could

theoretically

launch

bombsinto

space,

and

then

drop

them

anywhere

onearth.

In

1958

the

concerns

of

people

in

the

USmilitary

triggered

the

creation

of

the

DefenceAdvanced

Research

Projects

Agency

(DARPA).在當時美國軍事背后的力量變得高度警惕，因為這意味著蘇聯(lián)理論上可以向太空投擲炸彈并釋放它們到地球上的任何地方。在1958年美國軍人的關(guān)心觸發(fā)了國防高級優(yōu)先計劃局的建立。initial

adj.最初的,初始的reclaimvt.要求歸還,收回,開墾DARPA's

initial

role

wasto

jump

startAmerican

research

in

technology,

findsafeguards

against

a

space-based

missile

attackand

to

reclaim

the

technological

lead

from

theUSSR.DARPA的初始原則是躍進式的開始美國技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的研究，找出對抗空基導(dǎo)彈攻擊的防衛(wèi)措施并從蘇聯(lián)手中奪回技術(shù)領(lǐng)先地位。deploy

v.展開,配置went

on

持續(xù),繼續(xù)前進head此處為動詞After

only

18

months

afterthe

creation

of

DARPA,the

Defence

Advanced

Research

Projects

Agency

had

developed

and

deployed

thefirst

US

satellite.DARPA

went

on

to

have

a

direct

contribution

to

thedevelopment

of

theInternet

by

appointing

JosephLicklider

to

head

the

new

Information

ProcessingTechniques

Office

(IPTO).IPTO信息處理技術(shù)辦公室在DARPA建立后僅18個月，DARPA已經(jīng)發(fā)

展并裝置了第一顆美國人造衛(wèi)星。DARPA通過任命Joseph

Licklider為新信息處理技術(shù)辦公室的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)繼續(xù)對因特網(wǎng)的發(fā)展有一個直接

的貢獻。It

是形式主語，真正主語是后面的不定式短語

劃線部分為過去分詞短語做定語further

和develop是并列關(guān)系It

wasthejob

oftheIPTO

tofurther

the

workpreviously

done

by

members

of

the

"SAGE"

(Semi-Automatic

Ground

Environment)program

and

develop

technologies

to

protect

theUS

against

a

space-based

nuclear

attack.IPTO的任務(wù)是擴展先前由半自動地面防空警備系統(tǒng)所作的工作并且發(fā)展技術(shù)來保衛(wèi)美國抵御空基核攻擊。envisage

v.正視

successorn.繼承者,接任者Licklider

envisaged

the

potential

benefits

of

acountrywide

communications

network,influencing

his

successors

to

implement

hisvision

and

to

hire

Lawrence

Roberts

who

at

that

time

was

carrying

out

research

with

networks

which

was

also

being

funded

byDARPA.visionn.先見之明劃線部分為定語從句，其中又有定語從句at

that

timeadv.在那時Licklider正視到了一個全國范圍的通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)的潛在利益，影響他的繼任者執(zhí)行他的先見之明并且雇傭了LawrenceRoberts，后者此時正在進行研究也是由DARPA投資的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。劃線部分為過去分詞短語做定語

InterfaceMessageProcessor(IMP)接口信息處理機Roberts

led

development

of

the

ARPANetnetwork

architecture,

and

based

it

on

the

newidea

of

packet

switching.

A

special

computercalled

an

Interface

MessageProcessor

wasdeveloped

to

realize

the

design.

The

ARPANetfirst

went

live

in

October

1969,withcommunications

between

the

University

ofCalifornia

inLos

Angeles

and

the

StanfordResearch

Institute.Roberts領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了ARPANet網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系結(jié)構(gòu)的開發(fā)，并且基于新的包交換的思想。一個特殊的被叫做接口信息處理機的計算機被開發(fā)出來以實現(xiàn)這個設(shè)計。1969年10月ARPANet網(wǎng)絡(luò)第一次運行，連接在洛杉磯的加利福尼亞大學(xué)和斯坦福研究所。The

first

networking

protocol

used

on

the

ARPANet

was

the

Network

Control

Program.In

1983,

it

was

replaced

with

the

TCP/IPprotocol,which

is

still

the

standard

used

today.劃線部分為過去分詞短語做定語replacewithv.取代,以...代替第一個應(yīng)用于ARPANet的網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議是網(wǎng)路控制程序，在1983年，它被TCP/IP協(xié)議所替代，后者一直到今天還被作為標準使用著。take

over

v.接收,接管CSNET

[計]ComputerScienceNETwork

計算機科學(xué)網(wǎng)絡(luò)EUNET

[計]歐洲網(wǎng)In

1990,

the

National

Science

Foundation

tookover

managementofwhat

was

then

called

theNSFNet,

and

significantly

expanded

its

reach

byconnectingit

to

the

CSNET

in

Universitiesthroughout

North

America,

and

later

totheEUnet

throughout

research

facilities

in

Europe.1990年，國家科學(xué)基金會接管了當時叫做

NSFNet的管理權(quán)，并且通過將其連接到遍及北美的大學(xué)間的計算機科學(xué)網(wǎng)絡(luò)而擴展了它，隨后連接到了遍及歐洲研究設(shè)施的歐洲網(wǎng)。pull

outv.拔出,離開Thanks

in

largeparttotheNSF's

free-thinkingmanagement,

and

the

growing

popularity

of

theweb,

the

nature

of

the

Internet

changed

quicklyin

1992,

when

the

U.S.

government

beganpulling

out

of

network

management

andcommercial

entities

offered

Internet

access

tothe

general

public

for

the

first

time.在很大一部分上我們要感謝國家科學(xué)基金會的自由思想管理和迅速增長的網(wǎng)站的普及，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的性質(zhì)在1992年發(fā)生了迅速的變化，當時美國政府開始退出網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理，商業(yè)實體首次向公眾提供因特網(wǎng)接入。World

WideWeb(WWW,WEB)萬維網(wǎng)hypertext超文本，含有指向其它文本文件鏈接的文本。cross-referencen.前后參照,交叉引用The

most

widely

used

part

of

the

Internet

is

theWorld

Wide

Web

(often

abbreviated

"WWW"or

called

"the

Web").

Its

outstanding

feature

ishypertext,

a

method

of

instant

cross-referencing.In

most

Web

sites,

certain

words

orphrasesappear

in

text

of

a

different

color

than

the

rest;often

this

text

is

alsounderlined.因特網(wǎng)最廣泛使用的部分叫“萬維網(wǎng)”（經(jīng)常簡稱為“WWW”或叫網(wǎng)站），它最突出的特征是超文本，一種很即時交叉引用的方法。在大多數(shù)網(wǎng)站上，原文中確定的單詞或語句

比起其他的顯現(xiàn)出不同的顏色，這些文本也

經(jīng)常是帶下劃線的。劃線部分為定語從句pointern.指示器When

you

select

one

of

these

words

or

phrases,

you

will

be

transferred

to

the

site

or

page

that

is

relevant

to

this

word

or

phrase.

Sometimesthere

are

buttons,

images,

or

portions

of

imagesthat

are

"clickable."

If

you

move

the

pointerover

a

spot

on

a

Web

site

and

the

pointerchanges

into

a

hand,this

indicates

that

you

canclick

and

be

transferred

to

another

site.當你選擇這樣的單詞或語句時，就轉(zhuǎn)換到與這個單詞或語句想關(guān)聯(lián)的站點或網(wǎng)頁，有時有按鈕、圖像或是可點擊的部分圖像。如果你在網(wǎng)站上移動指示器，指示器變成一只手時，這表示你能點擊并轉(zhuǎn)換到另一個站點。accessto有權(quán)使用browserUsing

theWeb,

you

have

accesstomillions

ofpages

of

information.

Web

browsing

is

donewith

a

Web

browser,

the

most

popular

of

which

are

Microsoft

Internet

Explorer

and

NetscapeNavigator.

The

appearance

of

a

particular

Website

may

vary

slightly

depending

on

the

browseryou

use.n.瀏覽器美國Netscape公司，以開發(fā)Internet瀏覽器聞名depend

onv.依靠,依賴使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)，你可訪問數(shù)百萬頁信息。網(wǎng)站瀏覽可通過瀏覽器，其中最普及的是MicrosoftIE和美國Netscape

Navigator。根據(jù)你所使用的瀏覽器的不同，網(wǎng)站的外觀可能會有輕微的變化。rendervt.表演

animationn.活潑,有生氣virtual

reality

n.〈計〉虛擬現(xiàn)實Also,

later

versions

of

a

particular

browser

areable

to

render

more

"bells

and

whistles"

suchas

animation,

virtual

reality,

sound,

and

musicfiles,

than

earlier

versions.而且，后來的特殊的瀏覽器版本比早期的版本能表演出更多的鈴聲和哨聲，比如說活潑的、高度逼真的聲音和音樂文件。劃線部分為形容詞短語做后置定語ISOC

＝Internet

Society因特網(wǎng)協(xié)會Today,

the

Internet

is

not

owned

or

funded

byany

one

institution,

organization,

orgovernment,

it

is

a

self-sustaining

widespreadinformation

infrastructure

accessible

to

hundreds

of

millions

of

people

world-wide.

TheInternet

is,

however,

directed

by

the

InternetSociety

(ISOC),

which

is

composed

ofvolunteers.今天，因特網(wǎng)不被任何一個機構(gòu)、組織、國家擁有或資助，它是一個自持續(xù)的分布廣泛的信息構(gòu)架，可觸及世界范圍內(nèi)的數(shù)以億計的人。然而，因特網(wǎng)是被互聯(lián)網(wǎng)協(xié)會所領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的，協(xié)會由志愿者組成。IAB

abbr.Internet架構(gòu)委員會decide

on對...作出決定day-to-day

adj.日常的,逐日的curtsy

n.屈膝禮vi.行屈膝禮

IETF因特網(wǎng)工程任務(wù)組ISOC

appoints

the

IAB

(Internet

ArchitectureBoard)sub-council,

the

appointed

members

ofwhich

decide

on

standards,

network

resources,and

network

addresses.

The

day-to-day

issues

of

Internetoperationis

takencarebyof

curtsyof

a

volunteer

group

called

the

IETF

(InternetEngineering

Task

Force).互聯(lián)網(wǎng)協(xié)會指定互聯(lián)網(wǎng)架構(gòu)委員會來委任決定標準，網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源和網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址的人員。因特網(wǎng)的日常操作問題由互聯(lián)網(wǎng)工程任務(wù)組的志愿者們謙謹?shù)卣展?。in

brief

簡單扼要地bind

v.綁,約束

ungoverned

adj.不受統(tǒng)治(或支配、控制)的In

brief

asmallnumberofgoverning

boardswork

to

establish

common

standards,

few

rulesor

single

organization

bind

the

Internet,essentiallythe

Internet

is

inthe

mostpart

anungoverned

global

network

of

networks.簡短地說，少量的行政協(xié)會為建立通用標準而工作，很少的規(guī)則和單一組織約束因特網(wǎng)，在本質(zhì)上從最主要方面上講因特網(wǎng)是一個非政府的環(huán)球網(wǎng)絡(luò)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。1.trigger

vt.引發(fā)，引起，觸發(fā)ahigh-level

meeting

that

triggeredbitter

debates.一個引發(fā)了激烈論爭的高級會議2.reclaim

v.要求取回I

wanttoreclaimsomeofthetaxI

paidlast

year.我想要求取回我去年交的那部分稅金。3.envisage

v.設(shè)想，展望When

do

you

envisage

beingable

to

finish

theexperiment?你設(shè)想什么時候能做完這個實驗?4.render

v.表演，演奏，演唱to

render

the

song

beautifully把這首歌演奏得很優(yōu)美5.animation

n.活潑，有生氣They

were

full

ofanimationastheytalkedoftheir

vacation.他們談?wù)摷倨诨顒訒r都興奮極了。6.accessible

adj.可得到的，能進去的The

island

is

accessible

only

byboat.到那個島只能乘船去。英語構(gòu)詞法——合成法英語的構(gòu)詞法主要有三種：合成法，派生法和轉(zhuǎn)換法1）復(fù)合形容詞常用做定語，有時也用做表語。如：

I

have

a

five-year-old

son.Are

you

airsick?常見的復(fù)合形容詞構(gòu)詞方法如下：形容詞+名詞+ed

：noble-minded,good-tempered形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞：good-looking,fine-sounding副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞：hardworking,far-reaching名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞：peace-loving名詞+過去分詞：state-owed,state-run副詞+過去分詞：well-known,widespread形容詞+名詞：large-scale,high-class名詞+形容詞：duty-free,airsick2）復(fù)合名詞數(shù)量也很多，可用做主語和賓語等。如：

Sightseeing

took

up

the

whole

morningNo

smoking

during

take-off.常見的復(fù)合名詞構(gòu)成方法：名詞+名詞：bookworm動名詞+名詞：waiting-room,sleeping-pill名詞+動名詞：handwriting,sun-bathing動詞+副詞：get-together,break-through副詞+動詞：outbreak復(fù)合動詞通常做謂語。如：They

are

now

mass-producing

this

instrument.復(fù)合動詞構(gòu)成方法：副詞+動詞：overthrow,undergo另外，副詞，代詞有些也是復(fù)合詞。如：maybe,forever,myself,everything,whatever,moreover,however等。Understanding

the

WorldWide

Web電子商務(wù)英語Interface

n.

接合部位，界面，接口initial

adj.最初的,

詞首的,

初始的ensue

vi.

跟著發(fā)生,

繼起hypertext

超文本，含有指向其它文本文件鏈接的文本。facilitate

vt.

使容易,

使便利,

推動incorporate

adj.合并的,一體化的v.合并,使組成公司accessible

adj.易接近的,

易受影響的,

可理解的aspect

n.外表,

面貌,

(問題等的)方面distribute

v.分發(fā),

分配,

分區(qū)execute

vt.執(zhí)行,實行,完成proportion

n.比例,部分vt.使成比例,分攤clientuniquen.顧客,客戶,委托人

adj.唯一的,獨特的transmit

v.傳輸,

轉(zhuǎn)送,

傳達,

傳導(dǎo)retrieval

n.取回,

恢復(fù),

修補uniformformatanatomyvisualadj.統(tǒng)一的,相同的,一致的n.版式,形式,格式vt.安排...的格局

n.剖析,解剖學(xué)adj.看的,視覺的font

sizen.字體大小italicsn.斜體字bold

n.粗體

adj.

大膽的resideaudioevolvevi.居住,存在（與in連用）存在于，屬于

adj.音頻的,聲頻的,聲音的v.(使)發(fā)展,(使)進展,(使)進化navigate

v.航行,

航海,

航空,

使通過plug-in

n.插件程序available

adj.

可用到的,

可利用的,

有用的ever-diversified

adj.

常變化的Internet

server互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)器Internet

protocol

互聯(lián)網(wǎng)協(xié)議rely

on依賴于，依靠in

addition

to除...之外

derive

from由來,衍生

streaming

media流媒體stand

for象征，代表，表示human

resources人力資源hypertext超文本，含有指向其它文本文件鏈接的文本。劃線部分為定語從句abbreviatev.縮寫The

World

Wide

Web

is

a

system

of

Internetservers

that

supports

hypertext

toaccessseveral

Internet

protocols

on

a

single

interface.server

n.服務(wù)器The

World

Wide

Web

is

often

abbreviated

asthe

Web

or

WWW.萬維網(wǎng)是一個互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)器系統(tǒng)，它支持通過