選擇性必修一英語Unit1ReadingandThinking教材開發(fā)TUYOUYOUAWARDEDNOBELPRIZE6October2015Thisyear’sNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinehasbeenawardedtoTuYouyou(cowinner),whoseresearchledtothediscoveryofartemisinin,acrucialnewtreatmentformalaria.Artemisininhassavedhundredsofthousandsoflives,andhasledtoimprovedhealthformillionsofpeople.Over200millionpeoplearoundtheworldgetmalariaeachyear,andabout600,000diefromit.Artemisininhasbeeavitalpartofthetreatmentformalaria,andisthoughttosave100,000livesayearinAfricaalone.屠呦呦榮獲諾貝爾獎2015年10月6日本年度的諾貝爾生理學或醫(yī)學獎授予了屠呦呦（共同獲獎者），她的研究促成了青蒿素的發(fā)現(xiàn)——這是治療瘧疾的一種關鍵新療法。青蒿素拯救了數(shù)十萬人的生命，還改善了數(shù)百萬人的健康狀況。全球每年有超過2億人感染瘧疾，約60萬人因此喪生。青蒿素已成為瘧疾治療的重要組成部分，據(jù)信僅在非洲每年就能挽救10萬人的生命。TuYouyou,amittedandpatientscientist,wasborninNingbo,China,on30December1930,andgraduatedfromPekingUniversityMedicalSchoolin1955.Aftershegraduated,sheworkedattheChinaAcademyofTraditionalChineseMedicineinBeijing.In1967,theChinesegovernmentformedateamofscientistswiththeobjectiveofdiscoveringanewtreatmentformalaria,andTuYouyouwasamongthefirstresearcherschosen.Inthebeginning,TuYouyouwenttoHainan,wheremalariawasmoremon,tostudymalariapatients.In1969,shebecametheheadoftheprojectinBeijing,anddecidedtoreviewancientChinesemedicaltextstofindtraditionalbotanicaltreatmentsforthedisease.Herteamexaminedover2,000oldmedicaltexts,andevaluated280,000plantsfortheirmedicalproperties.Fromtheirresearch,theydiscoveredandtested380distinctancientChinesemedicaltreatmentsthatshowedpromiseinthefightagainstmalaria.屠呦呦是一位堅定且有耐心的科學家，1930年12月30日出生于中國寧波，1955年畢業(yè)于北京醫(yī)科大學。畢業(yè)后，她在北京的中國中醫(yī)科學院工作。1967年，中國政府組建了一支科學家團隊，目標是尋找治療瘧疾的新方法，屠呦呦是首批入選的研究人員之一。起初，屠呦呦前往瘧疾高發(fā)的海南研究瘧疾病人。1969年，她成為北京該項目的負責人，并決定查閱中國古代醫(yī)書，尋找治療這種疾病的傳統(tǒng)植物療法。她的團隊查閱了2000多本古代醫(yī)書，評估了28萬種植物的藥用特性。從研究中，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)并測試了380種不同的中國古代醫(yī)療方法，這些方法在抗瘧方面展現(xiàn)出潛力。Onemedicaltextfromthefourthcenturysuggestedusingtheextractfromsweetwormwoodtotreatafever.Tu’steamtestedacollectionofdriedwormwoodleavesbutfoundnoeffect.Theythentriedboilingfreshwormwood,andusingtheliquidobtainedfromthistotreatmalaria,butthisdidnotworkeither.Theirprojectgotstuck.However,TuYouyouwouldnotacknowledgedefeat.Sheanalysedthemedicaltextsagain,andbychance,shefoundonesentencesuggestingadifferentwaytotreatthewormwood.Sheconcludedthatboilingthesweetwormwoodapparentlydestroyeditsmedicalproperties.一本四世紀的醫(yī)書建議用青蒿提取物治療發(fā)燒。屠呦呦的團隊測試了一批干青蒿葉，卻沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)任何效果。隨后他們嘗試煮新鮮的青蒿，并用從中提取的液體治療瘧疾，但這種方法也無效。他們的項目陷入了停滯。然而，屠呦呦不愿承認失敗。她重新分析了醫(yī)書，偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一句話，提出了一種處理青蒿的不同方法。她得出結(jié)論，煮青蒿顯然破壞了其藥用特性。Usingalowertemperaturetodrawouttheextract,shefoundasubstancethatworked.Afterfailingmorethan190times,theteamfinallysucceededin1971.TuYouyouandherteammemberseveninsistedontestingthemedicineonthemselvestomakesurethatitwassafe.Later,themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients,mostofwhomrecovered.Thismedicine,whichwascalledartemisinin,soonbecameastandardtreatmentformalaria.通過低溫提取精華，她發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種有效的物質(zhì)。經(jīng)過190多次失敗后，該團隊終于在1971年取得了成功。屠呦呦和她的團隊成員甚至堅持在自己身上測試這種藥物，以確保其安全性。后來，這種藥物在瘧疾病人身上進行了測試，大多數(shù)患者都康復了。這種名為青蒿素的藥物很快成為治療瘧疾的標準療法。AccordingtoTuYouyou,thediscoveryofartemisininwasateameffort.UponhearingthatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize,shesaid,“Thehonourisnotjustmine.Thereisateambehindme,andallthepeopleofmycountry.ThissuccessprovesthegreatvalueoftraditionalChinesemedicine.ItisindeedanhonourforChina’sscientificresearchandChinesemedicinetobespreadaroundtheworld.”屠呦呦表示，青蒿素的發(fā)現(xiàn)是團隊努力的結(jié)果。在得知自己獲得諾貝爾獎時，她說：“這份榮譽不僅僅屬于我。我身后有一個團隊，還有全國人民。這次成功證明了中醫(yī)藥的巨大價值。中國的科研和中醫(yī)藥走向世界，確實是一項榮譽?！薄綨ewWordsandExpressions】award/??w??d/v./n.授予；獎品physiology/?f?zi??l?d?i/n.生理學medicine/?medsn/n.醫(yī)學；藥物research/r??s??t?/n./v.研究；調(diào)查discovery/d??sk?v?ri/n.發(fā)現(xiàn)crucial/?kru??l/adj.至關重要的treatment/?tri?tm?nt/n.治療；處理malaria/m??le?ri?/n.瘧疾vital/?va?tl/adj.極其重要的mitted/k??m?t?d/adj.堅定的；忠誠的patient/?pe??nt/adj./n.有耐心的；病人graduate/?ɡr?d?ue?t/v./n.畢業(yè)；畢業(yè)生academy/??k?d?mi/n.研究院；學院traditional/tr??d???nl/adj.傳統(tǒng)的objective/?b?d?ekt?v/n./adj.目標；客觀的botanical/b??t?n?kl/adj.植物的；植物學的evaluate/??v?ljue?t/v.評估；評價property/?pr?p?ti/n.特性；財產(chǎn)distinct/d??st??kt/adj.不同的；明顯的extract/?ekstr?kt/(n.)/?k?str?kt/(v.)n./v.提取物；提取fever/?fi?v?(r)/n.發(fā)燒；發(fā)熱boil/b??l/v./n.煮沸；沸騰liquid/?l?kw?d/n./adj.液體；液態(tài)的obtain/?b?te?n/v.獲得；得到acknowledge/?k?n?l?d?/v.承認；致謝defeat/d??fi?t/n./v.失敗；擊敗analyse/??n?la?z/v.分析apparently/??p?r?ntli/adv.顯然；似乎substance/?s?bst?ns/n.物質(zhì)；實質(zhì)insist/?n?s?st/v.堅持；堅決要求recover/r??k?v?(r)/v.康復；恢復standard/?st?nd?d/adj./n.標準的；標準scientific/?sa??n?t?f?k/adj.科學的spread/spred/v./n.傳播；擴散【詞性轉(zhuǎn)換】mit(v.投入)(adj.堅定的)(n.投入，保證，獻身)discover(v.發(fā)現(xiàn))(n.發(fā)現(xiàn))persist(v.堅持)(n.堅持)(adj.持續(xù)的，不斷的)contribute(v.貢獻)(n.貢獻)mit(v.投入)(n.投入)(n.目標)objective(adj.客觀的)distinction(n.區(qū)別)(adj.不同的)science(n.科學)(adj.科學的)scientist(n.科學家)(n.死亡)(adj.致命的)die(v.死)effect(n.效果)(adj.有效的)(v.影響)gratitude(n.感激)(adj.感激的)vitality(n.活力)(adj.重要的)(n.榮譽)honourable(adj.光榮的)(adj.明顯的)apparently(adv.顯然)eventual(adj.最終的)(adv.最終)evaluation(n.評估)(v.評估)analysis(n.分析)(v.分析)insistence(n.堅持)(v.堅持)(adj.大量的)substance(n.物質(zhì))crucially(adv.關鍵地)(adj.至關重要的)根據(jù)括號內(nèi)提示，用所給詞的適當形式填空：TuYouyouisa(mit)scientistwhodevotesherselftomedicalresearch.The(discover)ofartemisininhassavedmillionsoflives.Artemisininisa(crucially)treatmentformalaria.Tu’steammadean(object)analysisofthemedicaltexts.They(evaluation)280,000plantsfortheirmedicalproperties.The(distinction)treatmentsweretestedinthelab.Boilingsweetwormwood(apparent)destroyeditsmedicalvalue.The(substantial)extractedfromwormwoodworksagainstmalaria.TuYouyou’s(persist)ledtoherfinalsuccess.Themedicinewas(eventual)testedonmalariapatients.Shehasastrong(mit)totraditionalChinesemedicine.The(science)researchneedspatienceandcarefulness.Malariaisa(death)diseaseinmanyAfricancountries.Theteam(analysis)themedicaltextsagainandfoundanewmethod.His(contribute)tomedicalscienceishighlypraised.The(effect)extractwasobtainedatalowertemperature.Weshouldbe(gratitude)tothescientistsfortheirhardwork.The(vitality)partofthetreatmentisartemisinin.She(insistence)ontestingthemedicineonherselffirst.The(honourable)belongstothewholeresearchteam.【重難點詞組】1.做出發(fā)現(xiàn)16.拯救生命2.導致；通向17.從……畢業(yè)3.致力于18.參考；查閱4.組建團隊19.偶然5.以……為目標20.在對抗……的斗爭中6.藥用特性21.被授予某物7.測試；試驗22.被選為8.提??；抽出23.陷入困境；卡住9.堅持24.......的不同方法10.確保25.破壞特性11.對抗；對……有效26.團隊的努力12.放棄27.傳遍世界13.分析數(shù)據(jù)28.改善健康14.屬于29.在……中發(fā)現(xiàn)希望15.在……中起重要作用30.求助于；轉(zhuǎn)向根據(jù)句意，用上述詞組完成句子（注意形式變化）：1.TuYouyoutheNobelPrizeforhergreatcontributiontomedicine.2.Theresearchteamthemselvesfindinganewtreatmentformalariadayandnight.3.Hiscarelessnessthefailureoftheexperiment.4.WeshouldancientbookstolearnabouttraditionalChinesemedicine.5.Thescientiststestingthenewdrugonthemselvesfirst.6.ArtemisininthetreatmentofmalariainAfrica.7.Shetheeffectiveextractfromsweetwormwoodatalowertemperature.8.Thehonourallthepeoplewhotookpartintheresearch.9.Theytocarryoutthemedicalprojectin1967.10.Don’tevenifyoufailhundredsoftimeslikeTuYouyou.【語法選擇】TuYouyou,amittedandpatientscientist,wasborninNingbo,China,on30thDecember1930.She1(graduate)fromPekingUniversityMedicalSchoolin1955and2(work)attheChinaAcademyofTraditionalChineseMedicineaftergraduation.In1967,theChinesegovernmentformed3teamofscientistswiththeobjectiveof4(find)anewtreatmentformalaria,andTuwaschosenasoneoftheresearchers.Herteamexaminedover2,000oldmedicaltexts,and5(evaluate)280,000plantsfortheirmedicalproperties.Theytested380distinctancient6(treatment),butnoneshowedpromiseatfirst.Onefourthcenturymedicaltextsuggestedusingsweetwormwoodtotreatfevers,7boilingtheplanthadnoeffect.Tuanalysedthetextagainandfoundadifferentmethod—8(use)alowertemperaturetoextractthemedicine.Thismethodfinallyworked,andthesubstance9(call)artemisininbecameastandardtreatmentformalaria.After10(fail)morethan190times,Tu’steamnevergaveup.WhenshewontheNobelPrize,shesaidthehonourwasnotjusthersbuttheteam’sandChina’s.【完型填空】TuYouyouisoneofthemostfamousscientistsinChina.In2015,shewontheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicineforher1indiscoveringartemisinin,alifesavingdrugformalaria.Bornin1930,Tu2fromPekingUniversityMedicalSchoolin1955.Shethen3herselftotheresearchoftraditionalChinesemedicine.In1967,shewas4toleadateamtofindanewtreatmentformalaria,adiseasethat5millionsofliveseveryyear.Tu’steam6over2,000ancientmedicaltextsandtestedmorethan280,000plants.They7manydifficultiesandfailedmorethan190times.Atfirst,theytriedboilingsweetwormwood,butthe8wasuseless—boilingdestroyedtheplant’smedicalproperties.Tudidnot9.Shestudiedthetextsagainand10anewmethod:usingalowertemperaturetoextractthemedicine.Thistime,they11.Tomakesurethemedicinewas12,Tuandherteameventesteditonthemselves.Later,itwasusedonmalariapatients,andmostofthem13.Artemisininhasbeeavitalpartofmalariatreatmentworldwide,andTu’sstorycontinuesto14youngpeopletopursuescientificresearchwith15andpersistence.Artemisininhassavedhundredsofthousandsoflives,andTuYouyou’scontributiontoglobalhealthwillneverbeforgotten.1.A.roleB.joyC.fearD.luck2.A.learnedB.heardC.graduatedD.came3.A.devotedB.sentC.followedD.bought4.A.refusedB.chosenC.hiddenD.driven5.A.savesB.treatsC.costsD.makes6.A.wroteB.readC.copiedD.printed7.A.metB.avoidedC.enjoyedD.caused8.A.plantB.methodC.textD.team9.A.giveupB.giveinC.giveoutD.giveoff10.A.missedB.forgotC.foundD.invented11.A.failedB.succeededC.stoppedD.continued12.A.dangerousB.expensiveC.cleanD.safe13.A.recoveredB.diedC.leftD.fell14.A.warnB.discourageC.inspireD.puzzle15.A.curiosityB.lazinessC.prideD.doubt【七選五】TuYouyou,amittedscientist,wonthe2015NobelPrizefordiscoveringartemisinin,akeymalariatreatment.Over200milliongetmalariayearly,and600,000die—artemisininsaves100,000livesinAfricaaloneannually.1Bornin1930,TugraduatedfromPekingUniversityMedicalSchoolin1955.In1967,shejoinedagovernmentteamtofindnewmalariatreatments,firstgoingtoHainan(amalariahitarea)tostudypatients.Thisfieldworkgaveherfirsthandknowledgeofthedisease.Theychecked2,000ancienttextsand280,000plants,testing380treatments.2Afourthcenturytextsuggestedsweetwormwoodforfevers.Theteamtesteddriedwormwoodbutfailed.Theythoughtboilingwouldboostitseffects,buttheywerewrong—boilingfreshwormwoodalsodidn’twork.Turefusedtoquit.Shereanalysedthetextandnoticedanewprocessingmethod.3Usinglowtemperatureextraction,theysucceededin1971aftermorethan190failures.4Theytestedthemedicineonthemselvesfirst,andmostpatientsrecovered.Whenwinningtheprize,Tucalleditateameffort.5SheaddedthehonouralsorecognizedChina’sscienceandtraditionalChinesemedicine.選項Herjourneytothediscoverywasfilledwithpersistenceandchallenges.Aftergraduation,sheworkedattheChinaAcademyofTraditionalChineseMedicine.Sheconcludedboilingdestroyedwormwood’smedicalproperties,leadingtothenewapproach.Thisbreakthroughsoonbecameastandardtreatmentformalariaworldwide.Shesaidthehonourbelongedtoherteamandhercountry.Manyancientremedieswererecorded,butfewhadbeenscientificallytested.G.Localdoctorshadlongusedherbaltreatments,buttheireffectswereinconsistent.【閱讀理解】TuYouyou,amittedandpatientscientist,wasawardedthe2015NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinefordiscoveringartemisinin,acrucialtreatmentformalaria.BorninNingboin1930,shegraduatedfromPekingUniversityMedicalSchoolanddevotedherselftotraditionalChinesemedicineresearch.In1967,theChinesegovernmentsetupateamtofindanewmalariatreatment,andTuwasamongthekeyresearchers.Sheandherteamexaminedover2,000ancientmedicaltextsandevaluated280,000plantsfortheirmedicalproperties.Aftertesting380treatments,theyturnedtosweetwormwood,aplantmentionedinafourthcenturymedicaltext.Initially,boilingthewormwoodfailedtoproduceaneffectiveextract—boilingdestroyeditsmedicalproperties.Aftermorethan190failures,Tu’steamtriedalowertemperaturetodrawouttheextract,whichfinallyworkedin1971.Toensuresafety,Tuandherteameventestedthemedicineonthemselvesbeforeitwasusedonmalariapatients,mostofwhomrecovered.Artemisininhassavedhundredsofthousandsoflives.Over200millionpeoplegetmalariayearly,andabout600,000diefromit—artemisininhasbeeavitalpartofmalariatreatment,saving100,000livesinAfricaaloneeachyear.UponwinningtheNobelPrize,Tuemphasizeditwasateameffort,addingthatthehonorbelongedtoChinaandtraditionalChinesemedicine.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?TointroduceTuYouyou’schildhoodlifeToexplainthehistoryofmalariatreatmentTodescribeTuYouyou’sdiscoveryofartemisininanditssignificanceD.TodiscussthevalueoftraditionalChinesemedicineinmoderntimesWhydidTuYouyou’steamfailtogetaneffectiveextractfromsweetwormwoodatfirst?Theyusedthewrongpartoftheplant.Boilingdestroyedtheplant’smedicalproperties.Thesweetwormwoodtheycollectedwasnotfresh.D.Theytestedtheextractonthewrongpatients.Whatcanwelearnaboutthetestingofartemisinin?ItwasfirsttestedonAfricanpatients.Itwasimmediatelyacceptedbythemedicalmunity.TuYouyou’steamtesteditonthemselvesforsafety.Itonlytookdozensoftriestofindtherightextractmethod.Howdoestheauthorshowtheimportanceofartemisinin?Bygivingspecificnumbers.ByquotingTuYouyou’swords.Byparingdifferenttreatments.D.Bytellingpersonalstoriesofmalariapatients.WhatcanweinferfromTuYouyou’swordsabouttheNobelPrize?Shewassurprisedtowintheprize.Shebelievedindividualeffortisthekeytosuccess.ShethoughttraditionalChinesemedicineissuperiortoWesternmedicine.D.Shevaluedthesupportofherteamandcountry.【寫作鏈接】高考應用文（書信類，邀請屠呦呦參加學?？萍脊?jié)）假定你是李華，你校將舉辦以“致敬科技先鋒”為主題的科技節(jié)，想邀請屠呦呦院士來校做講座。請你給她寫一封邀請信，內(nèi)容包括：1.說明邀請目的；2.介紹科技節(jié)時間和活動內(nèi)容；3.表達期待與感謝。高考邀請信核心好詞+實用句型（簡單好記，附中文翻譯）一、核心好詞（直接套用）1.sincerelyinvite誠摯邀請2.onbehalfof代表3.scienceandtechnologyfestival科技節(jié)4.givealecture做講座5.shareexperiences分享經(jīng)歷6.enrichknowledge豐富知識7.inspireus激勵我們8.pursuedreams追求夢想9.atyourearliestconvenience方便時10.lookforwardto期待二、實用句型（附翻譯+仿寫提示）1.開頭自我介紹+邀請目的to...I’mLiHua.Onbehalfofourschool,I’mwritingtoinviteyouto...我是李華。代表我校，我寫信邀請您……仿寫：I’mLiHua.Onbehalfofourschool,I’mwritingtoinviteyouto