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語法專題突破專題四數(shù)詞

基數(shù)詞1.

基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成(1)1~12獨(dú)立成詞,有其各自的形式。如:onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineteneleventwelve

(2)13~19的基數(shù)詞以teen結(jié)尾。其中要注意thirteen,fifteen,

eighteen的正確寫法。如:thirteenfourteenfifteensixteenseventeeneighteennineteen

(3)20~90整十位的都以ty結(jié)尾。其中要特別注意twenty,

thirty,forty,fifty,eighty的正確寫法。如:twentythirtyfortyfiftysixtyseventyeightyninety

(4)幾十幾的寫法:十位數(shù)加個位數(shù),中間用連字符“-”連

接。如:twenty-six

26,fifty-seven

57。

(5)101~999的寫法:百位數(shù)與十位數(shù)之間(若十位為零,則在

百位和個位之間)用and連接(也可不用and)。如:one

hundred

(and)

twenty-three

123,five

hundred

(and)

seven

507?!咀⒁狻?,000以上的基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成從右向左每三個數(shù)字為一個節(jié),用空格或分節(jié)號“,”分開,第

一個空格或分節(jié)號前用thousand,第二個空格或分節(jié)號前用million,第

三個空格或分節(jié)號前用billion。讀數(shù)字的時候,空格或分節(jié)號不用讀出

來。如:1,234,567,890

one

billion,two

hundred

and

thirty-four

million,five

hundred

and

sixty-seven

thousand,eight

hundred

and

ninety

2.基數(shù)詞的用法【注意】“There

are

three

hundred

doctors

in

the

hospital

and

two

hundred

of

them

are

male.”中的of意為“……的”,與two

hundred不

是一個整體,不要混淆?!就卣埂?/p>

(1)“基數(shù)詞+連字符+名詞”構(gòu)成復(fù)合形容詞,作名詞的定

語,名詞用單數(shù)。如:a

three-day

holiday一個三天的假期。

(2)基數(shù)詞與表示時間、距離、重量、金錢、度量等詞連用,作

主語時,常被看作一個整體,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如:30

dollars

is

enough.30美元足夠了。(3)another+基數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞=基數(shù)詞+more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞,意

為“另外幾個;再……”。如:another

three

hours=three

more

hours另

外三小時。

序數(shù)詞1.

序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成(1)序數(shù)詞大多是由“基數(shù)詞+-th”構(gòu)成。如:six→sixth,

seven→seventh。(2)以-y結(jié)尾的整十的數(shù)字,先將y變?yōu)閕e,再加-th。如:

fifty→fiftieth,seventy→seventieth。(4)少數(shù)的序數(shù)詞屬于特殊情況,而且這類詞也是??键c(diǎn),要特

別注意。如:one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,

eight→eighth,twelve→twelfth。【注意】fourteenth第十四,fortieth第四十,ninth第九,nineteenth

第十九,ninetieth第九十。(3)21以上的非整十的數(shù)字,將末位數(shù)(即個位數(shù))改為序數(shù)

詞,其他數(shù)字仍用基數(shù)詞。如:twenty-one→twenty-first,thirty-two→thirty-second,two

hundred

and

ninety-eight→two

hundred

and

ninety-eighth。

基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞基變序,有規(guī)律,末尾加上-th;一、二、三特殊記,結(jié)尾各是t(first),d(second),d(third);th四加起,八去t,九去e,f來把ve替;整十變y為ie,后跟th莫忘記;如果遇到幾十幾,只變個位就可以。2.

序數(shù)詞的用法(1)序數(shù)詞前若無其他修飾詞,必須加定冠詞the,后通常接單

數(shù)名詞。如:I’m

the

first

one

to

arrive

here.我是第一個到達(dá)這兒的。(2)序數(shù)詞前若有形容詞性物主代詞、名詞所有格等限定詞,則

不加the。如:Today

is

my

thirteenth

birthday.今天是我的13歲生日。(3)序數(shù)詞前加不定冠詞a或an,表示“又一;再一”,內(nèi)含順

序性。如:She

had

a

second

child.她有了第二個孩子。

數(shù)1.

分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞。分子為1,分母用單數(shù);分子大于

1,分母用復(fù)數(shù)。如:one

fifth五分之一,three

fifths五分之三?!就卣埂恳恍┝?xí)慣表達(dá)(1)1/4也可表示為a

quarter,3/4也可表示為three

quarters,1/2也

可表示為a

half。(2)百分之幾通常用“基數(shù)詞+percent”表示,percent沒有復(fù)數(shù)

形式。2.

分?jǐn)?shù)的用法含分?jǐn)?shù)的短語作句子的主語時,謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與分?jǐn)?shù)后的名

詞保持一致。如:Two

fifths

of

the

apple

is

eaten.這個蘋果被吃了五分之二。Two

fifths

of

the

apples

are

red.五分之二的蘋果是紅的。

分子基數(shù)詞,分母序數(shù)詞。分子大于“1”,分母變復(fù)數(shù)。帶分?jǐn)?shù)莫著急,前加整數(shù)就可以。分母若是“2”和“4”,half、quarter可代替。

一、用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.

(2025淮安)Mr.Wu

is

my

new

neighbor.He

lives

on

the

?

(six)

floor.2.

(2025白銀)This

is

Li

Hua’s

(three)

time

to

be

a

volunteer.3.

(2025云南)Every

year,people

celebrate

World

First

Aid

Day

on

the

(two)

Saturday

in

September.sixth

third

second

4.

(2024呼和浩特改編)—Four

(five)

of

the

students

in

our

class

have

passed

the

exam.—Oh,that

means

20%

of

them

should

work

harder.fifths

5.

The

old

man

started

to

learn

how

to

surf

the

Internet

in

his

?

(eighty).eighties

二、短文填空人與社會:旅行家徐霞客Born

into

a

wealthy

family

in

Jiangyin,Xu

Xiake(1587—1641)

became

interested

in

books

about

different

places

at

an

early

age

and

wanted

to

travel.When

he

was

1.

(eighteen),however,his

father

died,and

so,it

seemed,did

his

traveling

dreams.At

that

time,his

mother

was

already

in

her

2.

(sixty).He

was

responsible

for

the

family.eighteen

sixties

But

his

mother

had

different

ideas.Understanding

her

son’s

love

of

travel,this

modern-thinking

woman

refused

to

keep

her

son

at

home.She

agreed

that

Xu

could

travel

for

3.

(three)

months

every

year

when

there

was

less

farm

work.three

Two

years

had

passed

since

his

father

died.So

at

the

age

of

twenty

and

with

his

mother’s

support,Xu

set

off

for

the

4.

(one)

time,

leaving

behind

not

only

his

mother

but

also

his

new

wife.He

would

repeat

this

goodbye

each

year

for

most

of

the

next

5.

(thirty)

years.During

this

time,he

carefully

studied

the

lands

he

passed

through

and

recorded

his

experiences

and

many

discoveries

in

a

diary.This

diary,which

once

had

over

half

6.

(million)

words,

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