15-16（一）年高考第一輪復習作文（三）原因，對比，利弊和結(jié)論寫作指導議論文是一種通過議論或說理來表達作者見解和主張的文體。議論文重在說理，以理服人。高中英語議論文的寫作主要有兩種類型：第一類是觀點對比型，比如對某一觀點有人贊成，有人反對；或者對某一觀點你覺得既有優(yōu)點，又有缺點，但優(yōu)點大于缺點（或缺點大于優(yōu)點），最后概括性地提出自己的觀點或態(tài)度。第二類是闡述觀點，就某個觀點分析原因以及表達自己的看法。時態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時。人稱為第一或第三人稱。二．相關名詞：問題___________討論_____________調(diào)查____________觀點___________態(tài)度_____________優(yōu)點___________缺點____________原因____________結(jié)果_____________結(jié)論____________problem/issuediscussion/debatesurveyopinion/viewattitudeadvantagedisadvantagecause/reasonresultconclusion三．相關動詞認為______________愿意_____________同意________________不同意_______________贊成________________不贊成_______________think/believe/insist/argueprefer/wouldliketo/bewillingto/favoragreedisagreeapproveofdisapproveof四．相關短語持…觀點因人而異贊成反對根據(jù)至于…在…看來holdtheviewvaryfrompersontopersonbeinfavorof/befor/agreetobeagainst/objectto/disagreetoaccordingtoasfor/astoformypart/inmyopinion/frommypointofviewasfarasIamconcernedfromwhereIstand過渡性詞語表列舉：表遞進：表對比：表原因：表結(jié)果：表結(jié)論：表轉(zhuǎn)折：表強調(diào)：過渡性詞語表列舉：

forexample,forinstance,thatistosay,take…forexample表遞進：

besides,inaddition,moreover,what’smore,furthermore表對比：

ontheonehand…ontheotherhand,inspiteof,onthecontrary,while,unlike(與某事物不同)表原因：

becauseof,thanksto,dueto,owingto,forthisreason表結(jié)果：

therefore,thus,asaresult,so表結(jié)論：

inconclusion,inbrief,inshort,insummary,tosumup,toconclude,allinall,onthewhole,表轉(zhuǎn)折：

however,nevertheless,yet表強調(diào)：afterall,aboveall,certainly,undoubtedly,obviously,clearly,firstandmostimportant,lastbutnottheleast五．單句操練A.介紹討論的主題1.昨天，我們就英語學習是否有必要從兒童時期抓起進行熱烈的討論。2.我們已經(jīng)在學生中作了一個調(diào)查，內(nèi)容是關于如何選擇專業(yè)和大學。1.Yesterday,wehadaheateddiscussionabout/onwhetheritisnecessarytostartlearningEnglishfromchildhood.2.Wehavemadeasurveyamongstudentsonhowtochoosetheirmajorsanduniversities.B.過渡句1.關于這個話題，不同人有不同觀點。2.事物都有兩面性。這個也不例個，換句話說，它也有消極的一面。1.Asfor/tothis,differentpeoplehavedifferentopinions.Differentpeopleholddifferentviewsonthismatter.

When

it

comestothis,viewsvaryfrompersontoperson.2.(Asapopularsayinggoes,)everycoinhastwosides.Thisoneisnoexceptionandinotherwords,itstillhasnegativeaspects.3.當問到這個問題，有些人贊成有些人反對。4.然而，在這件事上不同的人有不同的看法。5．沒有人能否認這樣一個事實，地球變得越來越暖和了。3.Whenaskedabouttheissue,somepeopleareinfavorofitwhile

othersareagainstit.4.Differentpeople,however,thinkquitedifferentlyonthismatter.5.Thereisnodoubt/denyingthattheearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmer.

Noonecandenythefactthattheearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmer.C.表達因果1.原因如下2.結(jié)果如下3.許多尖子生選擇復讀的原因是他們想上名牌大學。Thereasonsareasfollows.Thefollowingaretheresults.Thereason

whymanyexcellentstudentsprefertoretakeclassesisthat

theywanttobeadmittedto/intofamousuniversities.Manyexcellentstudentsprefertoretakeclasses

because

theywanttoattendfamousuniversities.4.給我們的生活帶來變化的有三方面的原因：首先人們的生活標準大大提高了；其次，大多數(shù)人有較高的收入，他們買得起他們需要或喜歡的東西。最后，越來越多的人更愿意享受現(xiàn)代化的生活。4.

Therearethreereasonsforthechangesthathavetakenplaceinourlife.Tobeginwith,people’slivingstandardshavebeengreatlyimproved.Secondly,mostpeoplearewellpaid,andtheycanaffordwhattheyneedorlike.Lastbutnotleast,moreandmorepeopleprefertoenjoymodernlife.D.對比和利弊1.與汽車比較，自行車有優(yōu)點，也有缺點。Comparedwithcars,bikeshavetheiradvantagesanddisadvantages.2.不可否認計算機給人們帶來了很多的方便，但它也有很多的不足。

Thereisnodenying/doubtthatcomputersbringpeoplealotofconvenience,buttheyhavemanydisadvantages.3.70%的學生贊成參加志愿工作因為幫助別人是一件很有意義的工作。70%ofthestudentsapproveof/areinfavorofdoingvoluntaryworkbecauseitisameaningful/significantjobtohelpothers.4.那些反對無節(jié)制地上網(wǎng)的人認為長時間上網(wǎng)不僅影響學習而且破壞健康。

Thosewhoobjecttosurfingthenetwithoutlimitholdtheview/believethatlonghoursonlinewillnotonlyaffecttheirstudiesbutalsoruin/doharmtotheirhealth.5.當今許多人之所以愿意進行晨練是因為這對我們的健康意義重大，以下是它大體上帶來的好處。Nowadaysmanypeoplepreferdoing/todomorningexercisesbecauseithasasignificantroleinourhealth.Generally,itsadvantagescanbeseenasfollows.E.表達結(jié)論，重申觀點1.簡而言之，雙方尚未達成共識。Inshort,noagreementhasbeenreachedyet.Sofar,noagreementhasbeenreached.Inshort,bothsideshavenotarrivedatanyagreementyet.2.顯然，我們可以得出這樣一個結(jié)論：金錢不是幸福的來源。Obviously,wecandraw

aconclusionthatmoneyisnotthesourceofhappiness.3.在我看來，我愿意選擇和差生同桌因為我們能互相學習和共同進步。Inmyopinion,I’dliketochoosetoshareadeskwithaslowerstudentbecausewecanlearnfromeachotherandmakeprogresstogether.補充：引出觀點Thosewhoadvocateglobalizationclaimthateconomiesindevelopingcountrieswillbenefitfromnewopportunitiesforsmallandhome-basedbusinesses.Criticstakeadifferentview,believingthateconomicglobalizationisactuallywideningthegapbetweentherichandpoor.Somethinkthat……However,othersholdthedifferentopinion/viewthat……Somearefortheopinionthat……Therestapproveof……六、例文欣賞(一)請根據(jù)以下的寫作內(nèi)容，使用５個規(guī)范的英語句子描述全部所給的信息內(nèi)容．

作為一個中學生,你肯定經(jīng)歷過多次考試,體驗過成功,也遭遇過失敗.請你根據(jù)提示內(nèi)容,簡要概述中學生普遍存在的對考試失敗的兩種態(tài)度,并結(jié)合自身實際,說明你的觀點.態(tài)度一:當考試結(jié)果不盡人意時,情緒低落,喪失信心,不再繼續(xù)努力.態(tài)度二:當考試失敗時,分析找出失敗的原因,鼓勵自己,增強自信,避免再犯同樣的錯。你的觀點:失敗乃成功之母,……Wemiddleschoolstudentshavehadmanytestsorexamsandhavebothachievedsuccessandsufferedfromfailure,butdifferentstudentstakedifferentattitudestofailure.Somefallinlowspiritswhentheydon’tdowellintheexams,losingheartandnolongerstudyingashardasbefore.However,moststudents

takeanactiveattitudetowardsfailure.Byencouragingthemselvestobeself-confident,theyfindoutandanalyzethecausessothattheywillnolongermakesimilarmistakes.

AsfarasI’mconcerned,failureisthemotherofsuccess,whichcanteachusalotintheprocessofreachingourgoals,andonlybytastingfailurecanweenjoythefruitofsuccess.倒裝句(二)你們班的同學對是否應該取締晚自習展開了一次討論。以下是討論結(jié)果：贊成觀點反對觀點能夠給學生更多的休息時間；有時間發(fā)展個人愛好。相對在家學習，在校學習效率更高；通過師生交流、同學交流，學習問題可以及時解決。你的觀點：……Recentlyourclasshaveheldadiscussionaboutwhethereveningclassesshouldbecanceled.

Someofthemareinfavouroftheideathattheeveningclassesshouldbecancelled.Theybelievethatcancelingeveningclassesmeanstheyhavemoretimeforrestingsothattheywillhavemoretimetodeveloptheirhobbiessuchasreading,playingsports,drawingandsoon.However,othersstudents,whoareobjectingtotheideaholdthat

comparedwithstudyingathome,studyingatschoolmayleadtohighstudyefficiency.What'smore,theproblemsexistinginstudycanbe

copedwithassoonaspossiblebymeansofcommunicatingwithteachersandcooperatingwithclassmates.

IpreferstudyingathomebecauseI'mwillingtoformthehabitofbeingindependentandI'minclinedtoarrangestudytimemyself.(三)你們學校學生會最近組織了一次“有煩惱向誰傾訴”的調(diào)查活動。請根據(jù)以下的調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)，用英語給校報寫一篇新聞稿，反映調(diào)查結(jié)果。[寫作內(nèi)容]傾訴對象百分比理

由同學和朋友61%同齡人容易交流和理解；不想讓父母擔心父母和家長22%老師家長閱歷豐富，有生活和教育經(jīng)驗沒有17%不愿和別人說自己的事或難以與別人相處

RecentlytheStudentUnionhascarriedoutasurvey—“Towhomdoyougowhenintrouble?”Theresultsareasfollows.

61%ofthestudentssurveyedselectfriendsorschoolmatesastheirideallistenerswhentheyhavetroublebecausetheythinktheyhaveabetterunderstandingofeachotherinthesameagegroup.What’smore,theydon’twanttheirparentstoworryaboutthem.Another22%chooseteachersandparentstotalkto,becauseintheiropinion,teachersandparentsarerichinlifeandeducationexperience.Nevertheless,

thereare17%whodon’tsharetheirtroublesatall.Theyfindithardtogetalongwellwithothers.七、實戰(zhàn)演練生活中沖突時有發(fā)生。假設你班同學蘇華和李江打籃球時發(fā)生爭執(zhí)，導致關系緊張。請你結(jié)合此事，并根據(jù)以下提示，用英語寫一篇短文，向?qū)W校英文報“HappyTeens”專欄投稿。簡要描述事情的經(jīng)過打籃球，碰撞，爭執(zhí)，等等分析發(fā)生沖突的原因

1.遇事不夠冷靜2.......談談避免沖突的做法(請考生根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)歷或感想，提出至少兩種做法)注意：1、對所有要點逐一陳述，適當發(fā)揮，不要簡單翻譯。2、詞數(shù)100左右。開頭已經(jīng)寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)。

Conflictswithothersarecommonineverydaylife._______________________

碰撞爭執(zhí)分析原因避免沖突做法bumpintosb.quarrelwithsb.about/oversth.(sb.be)notcalmenough/calmsb.downcaretoomuchaboutwinningandlosinghavedifferentpersonalitiesnocommunicateenoughwitheachotherbekind/consideratetoothersnotbeself-centeredcommunicatemorewithothersputourselvesinothers’place/thinkmorefromothers’pointofview/putourselvesinothers’shoeslack用法（參考分冊二P126）vt.(不用于被動語態(tài))缺乏創(chuàng)造力/勇氣lackcreativity/courage他們沒錢送他上大學。Theylackthemoneytosendhimtouniversity.adj.lacking→belackinginsth.缺乏溫暖/勇氣/力氣belackinginwarmth/courage/strengthn.→常與of連用缺乏食物/金錢/技能alackoffood/money/skills工程因資金匱乏只得放棄。Theprojecthadtobeabandonedforlackoffunds.分析原因Thereasonfortheirquarrelisthat……What’smore,……Ithinkthereweretworeasonsfortheirquarrel.……Besides,……Frommypointofview,theirquarrelwascausedbytworeasons.……避免沖突的做法Toavoidsuchconflicts,firstly,……Secondly,……Herearemyadviceonhowtoavoidconflicts.Foronething,……Foranother,……Therearesometipsthatmayhelpusavoidsuchconflictsinourlife.Ontheonehand,……Ontheotherhand,……Yesterday,myclassmatesSuHuaandLiJianghadalittleconflictwhenplayingbasketball.Havingbumpedintoeachother,theyhadaquarrel,whichhadabadeffectontheirfriendship.Thereasonwhythequarrelbrokeoutisthatbothofthemwerelackinginunderstandingandtolerance.Inmyopinion,iftheyhadkeptcal