第1題1-1The____ofmetalmaterialsrefertotheresistancetodeformationandfractureandtheabilitytodeformundervariousexternalloads(tension,compression,bending,torsion,impact,alternatingstress,etc.).AmechanicalpropertyBtensilepropertyCCompressivepropertyDFatigueresistance第2題1-1Themateriallosestheabilitytoresistdeformation,whichiscalled____。AstrengthByieldphenomenonCplasticityDtoughness第3題1-1____referstotheabilityofmetalmaterialstoresistplasticdeformationandfractureunderstaticload.AstrengthByieldphenomenonCplasticityDtoughness第4題1-1Theplasticityofmetalsisusuallyexpressedby____and____afterfracture.AElongationafterfractureBReductionofareaCtensilestrengthDyieldstrength正確答案：AB第5題1-1Whatarethethreemainmethodsofhardnesstesting?()ABrinellhardnessBRockwellhardnessCVickershardness正確答案：ABC第1題1-2Thephenomenonthatmetalschangefromonelatticetoanotherwiththechangeoftemperatureinthesolidstateiscalled()。AisomerictransformationBColdembrittlementCElongationafterfractureDfatiguefracture第2題1-2__referstotheratiooftheatomicvolumecontainedinacelltothecellvolume.Thehigherthedensity,thecloserthearrangementofatoms。ADensificationBlatticeconstantCCrystalcellDlattice第3題1-2Thefinerthegrain,thehigherthestrengthandhardnessofthemetalmaterial,andthebettertheplasticityandtoughness.Thisphenomenoniscalled__。AFinegrainstrengtheningBIntergranularcorrosionCGrainrefinementDNucleationprocess第4題1-2Therearemanylatticetypesofmetals.Whatarethethreemostcommontypes()ABodycenteredcubiclatticeBFacecenteredcubiclatticeCClosepackedhexagonallatticeDBodycenteredhexagonallattice正確答案：ABC第5題1-2Accordingtothegeometriccharacteristicsofcrystaldefects,whichthreetypescanbeclassified()APointdefectBLinedefectCSurfacedefectDdislocation正確答案：ABCHomework1.3第1題1-3ACD,wecallit____,Itmeansthattheironcarbonalloyofanycompositionisinliquidstateabovethisline.TheliquidalloyisslowlycooleduntiltheAClinebeginstoprecipitateaustenite,andslowlycooleduntiltheCDlinebeginstoprecipitatecementite.ALiquidusBSolidusCEutectoidline第2題1-3AECF,called____,Itmeansthattheliquidalloyslowlycoolstothelineandallcrystallizesintosolidphase,andthenheatstothelineandstartsmelting.ALiquidusBSolidusCEutectoidline第3題1-3PSKiseutectoidline,alsoknownas____Lineindicatesthatallironcarbonalloyswithwc%greaterthan0.0218%willundergoeutectoidreactionandproducepearlitewhenslowlycooledtothisline.AA1BAcmCA3第4題1-3ESlineisalsocalled_____Lineisthesolidsolutionlineofcarboninaustenite.AA1BAcmCA3第5題1-3Whatarethesingle-phaseregionsinthesimplifiedFe-Fe3Cphasediagram?()ALiquidphaseregion(L)BAustenitephasezone(A)CFerritephaseregionDCementite(Fe3C)正確答案：ABCDHomework1.4第1題1-4______referstotheprocessofheating,heatpreservationandcoolingthemetalinthesolidstateinanappropriatewaytoobtaintheexpectedstructureandperformance.AColdtreatmentBheattreatmentCHotworkingDColdworking第2題1-4Heatthesteelpartsto30-50℃aboveAC3orACCM?C.Theheattreatmentofuniformcoolinginfreeflowingairafterproperheatpreservationtimeiscalled_____.AnormalizingBannealingCtemperingDquenching第3題1-4Thenormalizedcoolingrateislarge,theundercoolingdegreeislarge,andthepearlitestructureobtainedislargeandrelativelysmall,so____alsohigher.APlasticityandhardnessBStrengthandhardnessCfatiguestrengthDStrengthandplasticity第4題1-4Thethreeelementsofheattreatmentinclude.()AheatingtemperatureBHoldingtimeCCoolingrateDBoilingtime正確答案：ABC第5題1-4Whyheatpreservationisnecessaryformetalheattreatment?()ATheworkpieceshallbeheatedevenlyandthestructuretransformationshallbefullycarriedoutBItismoreimportanttoobtainaustenitewithuniformcomposition,soastoobtainidealstructureandpropertiesaftercoolingCPlentyoftimeDimproveworkefficiency正確答案：ABHomework1.5第1題1-5Steelcanbedividedintononalloysteel,lowalloysteeland__。AHighalloysteelBalloysteelCcarbonsteel第2題1-5Thecarboncontentofhighqualitycarbonstructuralsteel08is____。A0.80%B0.08%C8%D0.01%第3題1-5Steelforultra-highstrengthshipsandoffshorestructuresshallbe__statusfordeliveryAannealingBnormalizingCquenchingDquenchedandtempered第4題1-5Ashullstructuralsteel,high-strengthshipandmarinestructuralsteelshouldhaveexcellentprocessingand__performance.AforgingBcastingCweldingDimpact第5題1-5Specialperformancesteelsforhullinclude________、________________。()AStainlesssteelBLowtemperaturesteelCCladsteelplateDCorrosionresistantsteel正確答案：ABCHomework1.6第1題1-6Graycastirongraphite__Shapearrangement.AReticularBglobularCschistoseDacicular第2題1-6Nodularcastirongraphite__Shapearrangement.AReticularBschistoseCglobularDacicular第3題1-6Use__toindicatethegradeofgreycastiron.AHTBHZTCHKZTDHTZ第4題1-6Duetotheexistenceofgraphite,castironhassomepropertiesthatcarbonsteeldoesnothave?()AGoodwearresistanceBShockabsorptionCLownotchsensitivityDExcellentmachinability正確答案：ABCD第5題1-6Whatcancopperalloysbedividedintoaccordingtotheirchemicalcomposition?()AbronzeBRedcopperCbrassDcopper-nickel正確答案：ACDHomework2.1第1題2-1Weldingisakindofprocessingmethodthatmakestheweldmentsreachthe______byheatingorpressurizing,orboth,andwithorwithoutfillermaterials.AatomiclevelBMolecularlevelCprotonslevelDQuantumlevel第2題2-1Arcistheweldingheatsourceofarcwelding,andthechargedparticlespassbetweentwoelectrodes______Aconductiveprocessinspace.AgasBsolidCliquid第3題2-1Gasionizationisdividedinto____、_____andphotoionization。AParticleionizationBthermalionizationCFieldionizationDLaserionization正確答案：BC第4題2-1Whichareasarethestructureofweldingarcdividedinto?()ACathodeareaBAnodeareaCArccolumnarea正確答案：ABC第5題2-1Themainformsofdroplettransferduringmetalarcweldingareasfollows:()AContacttransitionBFreetransitionCSlagwalltransitionDNaturaltransition正確答案：ABCHomework2.2第1題2-2Meltingefficiency:usedtomeltmetalduringwelding______Percentageofheatsourcepower。AintensityBweightCHeatDtemperature第2題2-2Duringfusionwelding,locallymelted______Thepercentageintheweldmetaliscalledthefusionratio。AWeldingrodBBasemetalCWeldingwireDWeldment第3題2-2Whatarethefactorsaffectingthefusionratio()AWhentheweldingcurrentincreases,thefusionratioincreases;BWhenthearcvoltageorweldingspeedincreases,thefusionratiodecreases。CFormulti-layerwelding,thefusionratiograduallydecreaseswiththeincreaseofthenumberofweldbeadlayers.DWithdifferentgrooveforms,thedownwardtrendisdifferent.Thesurfacesurfacingdecreasesthefastest;V-groovetakesthesecondplace;ThereductionofU-grooveistheleast.正確答案：ABCD第4題2-2Thelengthofmoltenpoolisproportionaltothearcenergy.()第5題2-2Themovingstateoftheweldpool.Theliquidmetalintheweldpoolisnotstatic,butisstronglymoving.()Homework2.3第1題2-3Thehigherthecrystallizationrate,thebetterthethermalconductivityofthemetal.Thehighertheviscosityoftheliquidmetal,thesmallerthedensityoftheliquidmetal,andtheeasieritistoproduce______.AcrackBInclusionCstomaDsplash第2題2-3Wheredoeshydrogenmainlycomefrom?()AOrganicmatterinelectrodecoatingandfluxBCrystallizedwateroradsorbedwaterCOilstainonthesurfaceofbasemetalandweldingrodDRustandmoistureintheair正確答案：ABCD第3題2-3Whataretheeffects()ofhydrogenonweldqualityduringwelding()ACausehydrogenembrittlementBProducewhitespotsCFormingporesDColdcrack正確答案：ABCD第4題2-3Themosteffectiveandpracticalwaytoreducetheharmofnitrogenistostrengthenmechanicalprotection.()第5題2-3Whenairenterstheweldingarea,itismostlikelytoproducenitrogenpores.()Homework2.4第1題2-4Whenthecomponentisheatedunevenly,aslongasthetemperatureishigherthantheyieldpointofthematerial,thecomponentwillproducecompressiveplasticdeformation.Aftercooling,thecomponentwillhave______Andresidualdeformation.AResidualstressBstressCdeformationDbend第2題2-4_____oftenoccursintheweldingprocessofthinplateswiththicknesslessthan6mm,whichisalsocalledinstabilitydeformation.AWavedeformationBAngulardeformationCShrinkagedeformationDBendingdeformation第3題2-4Whatarethecausesofweldingstressanddeformation?()ANon-uniformheatedBShrinkageofweldmetalCChangeofmetalstructureDRigidityandrestraintofWeldments正確答案：ABCD第4題2-4Afterwelding,theweldzoneisusuallytensilestress.()第5題2-4Thermalstress:thestresscausedbytheinconsistentthermalexpansionofeachpartoftheweldmentduetounevenheatingduringwelding.()Homework2.5第1題2-5Generally,thedeformationdirectionoftheweldmentduringweldingandthedeformationdirectionoftheweldmentafterwelding_______.AidenticalBcontraryCunanimousDNotfixed第2題2-5Whataretheeffectsofweldingresidualstressesonweldedstructures?()AInfluenceonstructuralstrengthBInfluenceondimensionaccuracyofcomponentmachiningCInfluenceonthestabilityofcompressionmembersDEffectonstresscorrosioncracking正確答案：ABCD第3題2-5Whatarethemethodstoeliminateweldingresidualstress?()AHeattreatmentmethodBMechanicalstretchingmethodCTemperaturedifferencestretchingmethodDhammertheweldedseam正確答案：ABCD第4題2-5Whatarethedesignmeasurestoreduceweldingresidualstress?()AMinimizethenumberandsizeofweldsonthestructureBAvoidexcessiveconcentrationofwelds,andkeepsufficientdistancebetweenweldsCAdoptthejointformwithlessrigidity正確答案：ABC第5題2-5Whatarethetechnologicalmeasurestoreduceweldingresidualstress?()AAdoptreasonableassemblyweldingsequenceanddirectionBPreheatingmethodCReduceweldrestraintDHeating"stressreliefzone"method正確答案：ABCDHomework2.6第1題2-6Thewaysofflameheatingincludepointheating,linearheatingand____.ACircleheatingBSheetheatingCTriangleheatingDZigzagheating第2題2-6Whatarethetypesofweldingdeformationbesidesangulardeformation?()AShrinkagedeformationBBendingdeformationCWavedeformationDTwistdeformation正確答案：ABCD第3題2-6Whataretheprocessmeasurestocontrolweldingdeformation?()AAllowancemethodBInversedeformationmethodCRigidfixationmethodDSelectreasonableassemblyandweldingsequenceEReasonableselectionofweldingmethodsandweldingprocessparameters正確答案：ABCDE第4題2-6Whatarethemethodsforcorrectingweldingresidualdeformation?()AManualcorrectionBMechanicalcorrectionCFlameheatingcorrectionDRewelding正確答案：ABC第5題2-6Allowancemethod:whenblanking,thelengthorwidthofthepartshallbeappropriatelyincreasedcomparedwiththedesignsizetocompensatefortheshrinkageoftheweldment.()Homework3.1第1題3-1Whatarethebasicoperatingtechniquesofshieldedmetalarcwelding()AArcstrikingandstriptransportationBConnectionandclosureofweldsCArcstriking,striptransportation,weldconnectionandendingDArcstriking,striptransportationandslagstriking第2題3-1Whatarethecharacteristicsofshieldedmetalarcwelding?()ASimpleequipmentandconvenientmaintenanceBFlexibleoperationandwideapplicationrangeCHighrequirementsforweldersDLowproductionefficiencyandpoorworkingconditions正確答案：ABCD第3題3-1Whatarethetypesofweldingjointsforshieldedmetalarcwelding()AButtjointBT-jointCAnglejointDLapjointETerminationjoint正確答案：ABCDE第4題3-1Whenthearcisignited,whichdirectionsshouldtheweldingrodmove?()AFeedingofweldingrodtomoltenpoolBElectrodemovesalongtheweldingdirectionCLateralswingofweldingrod正確答案：ABC第5題3-1Intheweldingprocess,thegeneralnameofvariousactionsmadebytheweldingrodrelativetotheweldiscalledstriptransportation.()Homework3.2第1題3-2Submergedarcweldingisamethodofweldinginwhichthearcburns__AInthefluxlayerBUnderfluxlayerCInslagDInweldingslag第2題3-2WhensubmergedarcweldingisusedtoweldthefilletweldofT-jointorlapjoint,twomethodsareusuallyused:__andtransversefilletwelding。AfilletweldingintheflatpositionBfilletweldinginverticalpositionCTransverseshipweldingDfilletwelding第3題3-2Whataretheadvantagesofsubmergedarcwelding?()AHighproductivityBGoodweldqualityCLowweldingcostDGoodworkingconditions正確答案：ABCD第4題3-2Whatarethedisadvantagesofsubmergedarcwelding()AItismainlyapplicabletotheweldingofweldsathorizontalpositionBItcannotbeusedtoweldmetalmaterialsthatarepronetooxidationCOnlyapplicabletoweldingofmediumandheavyplatesDSubmergedarcweldingisonlyapplicabletotheweldingoflongstraightwelds正確答案：ABCD第5題3-2SincethemaincomponentsofthefluxusedinsubmergedarcweldingareSiO2,MnO,etc.,itcannotbeusedtoweldmetalmaterialsthatarepronetooxidation.()Homework3.3第1題3-3TheextensionlengthofweldingwireforCO2gasshieldedweldingdependsonthediameterofweldingwire.Generally,theextensionlengthofweldingwireisabout____timesofthediameterofweldingwireanddoesnotexceed15mm.A10B20C30D40第2題3-3WhatarethecharacteristicsofCO2gasshieldedwelding()AHighproductionefficiencyandenergysavingBLowweldingcostCSmallweldingdeformationDEasytooperateandmaster正確答案：ABCD第3題3-3Whataretheprocessparametersforshort-circuittransitionofCO2gasshieldedwelding?()AArcvoltageandweldingcurrent.BWeldingcircuitinductanceandweldingspeedCDiameterandextensionlengthofweldingwireDtheflowrateofgas正確答案：ABCD第4題3-3Comparedwiththegeneralarcwelding,thesplashofCO2gasshieldedweldingismoreserious.()第5題3-3ThewholecoilofweldingwireisusedforCO2welding,sotheweldingroddoesnotneedtobereplacedduringtheweldingprocess,avoidingthewasteofweldingrodhead.()Homework4.1第1題4-1Whataretheinternaldefectsofwelding?()ASlaginclusionandincompletepenetrationBUndercutandoverlapCCraterandsurfaceairholeDsurfacecrack第2題4-1Surfacecracksduetoimproperselectionofweldingparametersorincorrectoperationprocess,groovesordepressionsalongthebasemetalattheweldtoearecalled__。AblowholeBUndercutCoverlapDIncompletepenetration第3題4-1Whichofthefollowingweldinspectionsarenon-destructive?()ARadiographicinspectionBUltrasonicflawdetectionCPenetranttestingDMagneticparticleinspection正確答案：ABCD第4題4-1Whichofthefollowingdefectsisnotallowedontheweldsurface?()AcrackBoverlapCLackoffusionDIncompletepenetration正確答案：AC第5題4-1Measurementoffilletweldthickness:whenmeasuringthethicknessoffilletweld,theworkingfaceofthemainrulershallbeclosetotheweldment,andtheslidingheightrulershallbeincontactwiththeweld.Thevalueindicatedbytheheightruleristhethicknessoffilletweld.()Homework4.2第1題4-2()isthemostimportantindexforevaluatingradiographicquality,whichmarkstheabilitytofinddefectsinradiographicinspection.AImagequalityindicatorBsensitivityCBlacknessvalue第2題4-2WhatarethepropertiesofX-raysrelatedtoflawdetection?()AinvisibleandtravelinastraightlineatthespeedoflightBUnchargedandunaffectedbyelectricandmagneticfieldsCtheabilitytopenetratesubstancesthatcannotbepenetratedbyvisiblelight,suchasbonesandmetals,andhaveattenuationcharacteristicsinsubstancesDionizesubstances,sensitizefilms,andmakecertainsubstancesfluorescent正確答案：ABCD第3題4-2Whatarethebasiccomponentsofthedetectionsystem?()ARaysource,leaddiaphragm,filterplateBBottomleadplateandstandardbeltCLeadshutter,workpieceDCassette,film,intensifyingscreen正確答案：ABCD第4題4-2Radiographicinspectionisanon-destructiveflawdetectionmethodthatusestheX-rayorγraytopenetratethematerialandthepropertyofattenuationinthematerialtofindtheinternaldefectsofthematerial.()第5題4-2Filmevaluationistoobservethenegativefilmthroughthefilmviewinglamp,determinethequalitative,quantitativeandpositioningofthedefectsonthenegativefilmthroughtheimageonthenegativefilm,evaluatethequalitygradeoftheworkpieceaccordingtothestandard,andwritetheinspectionreport.()Homework4.3第1題4-3Ultrasonictestinganondestructivetestingmethodwhichusesthepropagation,reflectionand__AndotherphysicalpropertiesofultrasonictofinddefectsAreceiveBattenuationCspreadDReflexion第2題4-3Ultrasonictestingequipmentisgenerallycomposedofultrasonicflawdetector,probeand__。AwaferBTestblockCTestpieceDIronblock第3題4-3Thecommonlyusedprobesforultrasonictestingare__、__and__。AStraightprobeBAngleprobeCSinglecrystalprobeDDoublecrystalprobe正確答案：ABD第4題4-3Theultrasonicdetectoristhemainequipmentfortesting.Itsmainfunctionistogeneratehigh-frequencyelectricoscillationanduseittostimulatetheprobetoemitultrasonicwaves.()第5題4-3Accordingtodifferentpurposesandrequirements,testblocksaregenerallydividedintothefollowingtwocategories:standardtestblocksandreferencetestblocks.()Homework4.4第1題4-4Magneticparticletestinguses__todetectdefectsinmaterialsandworkpieces。AMagnetphenomenonBMagneticfieldphenomenonCAdsorptionphenomenonDMagneticfluxleakagephenomenon第2題4-4Thesolutionformedbymixingmagneticpowderandliquidinacertainproportioniscalled__。AGeneralmagneticparticleBNonfluorescentmagneticparticleCMagneticsuspensionDGeneralmagneticsuspension第3題4-4Magneticparticletestingcannotdetectnon-magneticmaterialssuchascopper,aluminum,magnesiumandtitanium()第4題4-4Magneticparticletestingisapplicabletothetestingofdiscontinuitiesonthesurfaceandnearsurfaceofferromagneticmaterialswithsmallsize,extremelynarrowgap(suchas0.1mmlongandmicronwidecracks)anddifficulttobeseenvisually.()第5題4-4Magneticparticletestingcandetectmartensiticstainlesssteelandprecipitationhardeningstainlesssteel()Homework4.5第1題4-5Penetranttesting()isanon-destructivetestingmethodbasedon_____principletoinspectthesurfaceopeningdefectsofnonporousmaterials.AresponseBphotosynthesisCcapillaryactionDAdsorptionprinciple第2題4-5Intheadsorptionprinciplepenetranttesting,whentheambienttemperatureis5-50℃,thepenetrationtimeusuallyneeds_____minute.A10-15minB15-20minC10minD15min第3題4-5Penetranttestingisanon-destructivetestingmethodbasedontheprincipleofcapillaryactiontoinspectthesurfaceopeningdefectsofnonporousmaterials.()第4題4-5Penetranttestingisapplicabletothequalityinspectionofsurfaceopeningdefectsofvariousmetalmaterialsornon-metalmaterials.()第5題4-5Penetranttestingisanon-destructivetestingmethodthatusesthepenetrantwithfluorescentdye(fluorescencemethod)orreddye(coloringmethod)toshowdefecttraces.()Homework5.1第1題5-1Whentheweldingrodarcweldingplateisbuttweldedhorizontally,thebottomlayershallbeappliedby____.AContinuousweldingBTackweldingCBreakarcwelding第2題5-1Thereversedeformationis()degreesduringtheassemblyofweldingrodarcweldingplatebuttweldingworkpiece.A2-3B2-4C2-5第3題5-1The___methodshallbeadopted,andnoswingshallbemadeduringtheweldingprocessuntileachelectrodeiswelded.AsawtoothstripBcirclestripCstraightlinestripHomework5.2第1題5-2Whentheweldingrodarcweldingplateisbuttweldedvertically,thefillinglayerandcoveringlayershalladoptthe____transportationmethod.AsawtoothstripBcirclestripCstraightlinestrip第2題5-2Duringverticalbuttweldingofelectrodearcweldingplate,stopattheedgeoftheweldtoprevent().AoverlapBUndercutCIncompletepenetrationDLackoffusion第3題5-2Forverticalbuttweldingofelectrodearcweldingplate,theweldingslagofthebottomlayerandfillinglayershallbe().AproperremovedBcompletelyremovedCkeptHomework5.3第1題5-3()shallbestrictlyadoptedduringoverheadbuttweldingofelectrodearcweldingplateALongarcweldingBShortarcweldingCShortarcweldingandlongarcwelding第2題5-3Duringbuttoverheadweldingoflongarcweldingrodandarcweldingplate,thedropletshallbepushedupwardbythe____oftheweldingrod.AarcblowingforceBDropletblastingforceCElectromagneticforce第3題5-3Duringoverheadbuttweldingofelectrodearcweldingplate,themoltenmetalinthedropletandpooliseasytoflowdownundertheactionofgravity,itwillcause____.AoverlapBUndercutCcrackDIncompletepenetrationHomework5.4第1題5-4Duringsubmergedarcwelding,inordertopreventthedeviationofweldbead,adjustthe____oftrolleyweldingwire.AalignmentBangleClength第2題5-4Thesubmergedarcweldingfluxmustbecoveredevenlyduringtheweldingprocess,andthe____shallnotbeexposed.AsolderwireBSolderingSeamCarclight第3題5-4Theslagshellmustberemovedaftereachlayerofweldbeadisweldedbysubmergedarcwelding,andthefluxshallbe____.AthrownawayBrecoveredCclearedHomework5.5第1題5-5ForCO2gasshieldedwelding,itisbettertocutoffasectionofweldingwireattheendbefore____.AweldingBarcstrikingCarcbreaking第2題5-5DuringtheflatweldingofCO2gasshieldedwelding,theworkpiecesurfaceatthearcstrikingpositionshallbe____.AleveledBpreheatedCCleanedup第3題5-5DuringtheflatweldingofCO2gasshieldedwelding,theheightofthenozzleshallbekepttoprevent____.AIncompletepenetrationBUndercutCoverlapDLackoffusionHomework5.6第1題5-6InthehorizontalweldingofCO2gasshieldedwelding,lowcurrentandshortarcweldingareadoptedforthebackinglayertoprevent____.ABurningthroughBIncompletepen