第1題Inthe1970s,two()occurredandaffectedthewholeworld.AEconomiccrisesB

PetroleumcrisesCFreshwatercrisesDNuclearcrises第2題Theoretically,thepositiveandnegativeeffectsofproductionactivitiesappearasnegativeentropyandentropyincrease.Ifthesumofthetwoisnegativeentropy,thatisthedecreaseinentropy,thentheroleofproductionactivitiesisgenerallydestructiveratherthanconstructive.()第3題OurCommonFutureisa

reportissuedbytheWorldCommissiononEnvironmentandDevelopmentonthefutureofmankind.Inthisreport,threepointsweremadeclearly().AEnvironmentcrisis,energycrisisanddevelopmentcrisisareinseparableBTheamountofresourcesandenergiesonEarthisfarfrommeetingthedemandofhumandevelopmentCTheworldasawholemustcooperatetocopewithenergycrisisDWemustchangeourdevelopmentmodelforourgenerationandfuturegeneration正確答案：ABD第4題Theglobalwarmingcurveisinconsistentwiththegrowthofcarbondioxideconcentration.()第5題ThethreepartsofOurCommonFutureare:().ACommonConcernsB

CommonCrisisCCommonChallengesDCommonEndeavors正確答案：ACD第6題InJune1972,theUnitedNationsheldtheConferenceontheHumanEnvironmentinStockholmandsignedthefamous().ARioDeclarationBTheLimitstoGrowthCDeclarationontheHumanEnvironmentDAgenda21第7題Greeneconomy

emphasizestherelationshipbetween(),andsystemizedrelevantpoliciesandregulations,marketprinciplesandsystematicmechanisms.A

Humanwelfare

improvementBSocialjustice

improvementCEnvironmentalrisks

reductionDEcologicalscarcity

reduction正確答案：DCBA第8題In1992,theUNConferenceonEnvironmentandDevelopmentissued(),whichindicatedthestartofinternationalcooperationtocombatclimatechange.AOurCommonFutureBRioDeclarationCTheUNFrameworkConventiononClimateChangeDCommonFuture第9題Theessences

ofecologicalenvironmentalproblemsare

()ACrisisofhumantraditionalcivilizationBCrisisofhumantraditionalcultureCCrisisofhumantraditionalvaluesD

Crisisofhumantraditionalproductivity正確答案：DCBA第10題Themaincausesofsmogare:().AEmissionfromhigh-pollutionenterprisesBEmissionfromautomobileexhaustCEmissionfromautomobileexhaustDBurningstraw正確答案：DCBA第1題Thecharacteristicsofecologicaleconomicsare().AComprehensivenessBHierarchyCRegionalityDStrategy正確答案：ABCD第2題Thepurposeofecologicaleconomicistoachievethecoordinateddevelopmentbetween()andmaximizeecologicaleconomybenefits.AEcologicalizationofeconomyBEcologicaleconomicizationCEcologicalsystemDEconomicalsystem正確答案：DCBA第3題Socialandeconomicdevelopmentmustbecompatiblewithitsecologicalenvironment,whichisthecommoneconomiclawofallsocietiesandallstagesofdevelopment.()第4題Inthe1990s,the()penetratedintoallfieldsofChina'senvironmentanddevelopment,andformedarelativelycompletesystemofactionsforresourceutilization,economicdevelopment,andecologicalenvironmentalprotection.ARegionalsustainabledevelopmentBInnovation-drivendevelopmentCGreendevelopmentDBalanceddevelopment第5題Theconstructionofecologicalcivilizationisasurvivalconceptbasedontheharmoniouscoexistenceofmanandnature,whichprovidesspiritualconnotationandbasicsystemsourcefor().AGreendevelopmentBJointdevelopmentCNaturaldevelopmentDLong-termdevelopment第6題Thecontentsofregionalecologicaleconomicsresearchinclude().AThemechanismofactionamongregionalecologicaleconomicsystemsandsubsystemsandelementsBEcologicalspatialpattern,regionaldifferentiationlawsandecologicaleconomiclayoutCThestudyofecologicalindustryandcirculareconomydevelopmentDTheevolutionpattern,developmentmodelsofecologicalcitiesandthetransformationofresource-basedcities正確答案：DCBA第7題Theinfluencingfactorsofefficientecologicaleconomyare().APoliticalfactorsBCulturalfactorsCSocialfactorsDTechnologicalfactors正確答案：DCBA第8題(

)believesthat“thetotalamountofpollutionthatcanbedischargedisdeterminedaccordingtoenvironmentalcapacity.Theamountofpollutionthatcanbedischargedaredifferentunderdifferentenvironmentalstandards,andcapacity.”AEcologicaleconomicsBResourceeconomicsCEnvironmentaleconomicsDCirculareconomics正確答案：C第9題Chinesescholarsbegantostudyenvironmentalprotectioninthe(),whichwasincludedintheacademicfieldafterthereformandopeningup,andgraduallybecamethefocusofacademicresearch.A1940sB1950sC1960sD1970s第10題Theinfluencingfactorsofefficientecologicaleconomyareimportant.ChapterIIITest第1題Thematerialcirculationinanecologicalindustrialsystemisnotaclosedcycle,butaninternalone,anopensystemwithinput-outputfunction.()第2題Theindustrialecologicalthoughtconcerns

thematerialcirculationandresourceutilizationefficiencyinasingledepartmentoraprocess.()第3題Environmentaleconomictheoryincludes().AThepublicityofenvironmentalresourcesandmarketfailureBTheexternalityofenvironmentalissues

andmarketfailureCThelimitedrationalityoftheenvironmentalsubjectandmarketfailureDPigou’sTheoryandCoaseTheorem正確答案：DCBA第4題Thevalueindicatorsystemoftheaccountingofresourcesenvironmentincludes

().AConsumptioncostBLosscostCRecoveryandprotectioncostDSubstitutionandimprovementincome正確答案：DCBA第5題Likethepublicgoods,theresourceenvironmenthasthepropertyofexternality.Bygeneralmanifestation,externalityisgenerallydividedinto().AIndustrialexternalityBGeographicalexternalityCTimeexternalityDClimateexternality正確答案：CBA第6題Thecategoriesofevaluationofenvironmentalresourcesare().AEvaluationofdirectlytradedvalueBEvaluationofindirectlytradedvalueCEvaluationofmixedtradedvalueDEvaluationofuntradedvalue正確答案：DBA第7題Theessentialrequirementofthe“TwoMountainsTheory”is().AHarmoniouscoexistencebetweenmanandnatureBGoodecologicalenvironmentismostbeneficialtothepeople’swell-beingCMountain,water,forest,lakeandgrassco-existinacommoncommunityDLucidwatersandlushmountainsareinvaluableassets第8題Theprincipleandspiritofthe“TwoMountainsTheory”is().AHarmoniouscoexistencebetweenmanandnatureBGoodecologicalenvironmentismostbeneficialtothepeople’swell-beingCMountain,water,forest,lakeandgrassco-existinacommoncommunityDLucidwatersandlushmountainsareinvaluableassets第9題Theparticipatorsofthedevelopmentofecologicalcivilizationare().Theinteractionmechanismsbetweentheseparticipatorsareconstructedbytheinstitutionalframeworkforpromotingecologicalprogress.AEnvironmentBGovernmentCMarketDPublic正確答案：DCB第10題TheOpinionsoftheCPCCentralCommitteeonAcceleratingtheDevelopmentofEcologicalCivilization

officiallyincorporatedthetheoryof“l(fā)ucidwatersandlushmountainsareinvaluableassets”intoofficialdocument.ThetheoryhasbecomeanimportantdirectiontoguideChinatospeedupthedevelopmentofecologicalcivilization.ChapterIVTest第1題OnlyOneEarth

commentedtheimpactofeconomicdevelopmentandenvironmentalpollutionontheUnitedKingdomfromsocial,economicandpoliticalperspectives.

()第2題In2002,ZhouHongchunpublishedCircularEconomy:ADevelopmentTrendWorthNoting,anddefinedcirculareconomyfromtheperspectiveof().AManandnatureBTechnologicalparadigmCEnvironmentalprotectionDSociety第3題The3RPrinciplesofcirculareconomyare().AStandardizationPrincipleBReducePrincipleCReusePrincipleDRecyclePrinciple正確答案：DCB第4題TheReusePrinciplerequiresmanufacturers

(producers)toadoptprecisedivisionoflaborandefficiencycollaborationbetweendifferentindustrial

groupstoreduce

thetransformationperiodforproductwastes().第5題DupontCompanyisaquintessentialexamplefordevelopingcirculareconomyatindustrialparklevel.第6題Thecirculareconomyatindustrialparklevelistousethematerialcirculationintheindustrialconcentrationareatobuilda()betweenenterprises,industriesandproductionareas.ASmallcycleBMediumcycleCLargecycleDInternalcycle第7題Thethreelevelsofthedevelopmentofcirculareconomyare().ANetworklevelBParklevelCSocial

levelDEnterpriselevel正確答案：DCB第8題Thecirculareconomyatsocial

levelrequiresustobuildanenergysaving,environmentallyfriendlysocietyanditsfocusisonmaximizingeconomicbenefits.

()第9題In(),Japanpromotedtheestablishmentofacircularsocietyasitsbasicnationalpolicy.A1990B1992C2000D2005第10題TheCircularEconomyDevelopmentStrategyandNear-TermActionPlan

statedthatweshouldbuildacircularindustrialsystem,circularagriculturalsystemandcircularservicesystemandpromotethecirculareconomyatsociallevel.ChapterVTest第1題Thelow-carboneconomy,inessence,is().AEstablishmentofcleanenergymixandrestrictionoftheamountofenergyusedBImprovementofenergyuseefficiencyandcleanenergymixCImprovementofenergyuseefficiencyandrestrictionoftheamountofenergyusedDEstablishmentofcleanenergymixandchangeofusagemethodofenergy第2題Thebackgroundfortheemergenceofthelow-carboneconomyis().AClimatechangeBEconomiccrisisC

PoliticalreformDGlobalizationofeconomy第3題Whichcountryproposedthelow-carboneconomyforthefirsttimeinitsenergywhitepaperpublishedin2003?()AChinaBFranceCTheUnitedKingdomsDTheUnitedStates第4題()isthefirstcountrytoproposethe“l(fā)ow-carboneconomy”in2003.ADenmarkBTheUnitedStatesCChinaDTheUnitedKingdoms第5題Which

theoriesamongthefollowing

providedtheoreticalground

forthelow-carboneconomy?

()ATheLimitstoGrowthBSustainableDevelopmentCResourceEconomyDCircularEconomy正確答案：DCBA第6題Infact,thetheoreticaloriginofthelow-carboneconomycanbetracedbackto().AClassiceconomicsBNeoclassiceconomicsCAfterWorldWarIIDEarly21stcentury第7題Thecontextoftheemergence

ofthelow-carboneconomyisthelargescaleutilizationandconsumptionofnatureresources

asaresultoftherapideconomicgrowthbroughtbythefirstindustrialrevolution.第8題TheSpaceshipEconomy

Theoryaimstoaddresstheconflictbetweenproductionandconsumption.第9題ThereasonsthattheUnitedStatesrefusedtosigntheKyotoProtocolare().AItwillcauselossestotheUSeconomyBItwillreducejobpositionsCTheUnitedStates

thinksthattheProtocolisunfairDItwillaffecttheUnitedStatesto

developlow-carbontechnologies正確答案：CBA第10題Intheearly21stcentury,thecountrywiththehighestpercapitacarbonemissionis().AChinaBFranceCTheUnitedKingdomsDTheUnitedStatesChapterVITest第1題ProfessorJiZhudefinedthatthegreeneconomyisaneconomicstructure,growthpatternandsocialformwith()asthedevelopmentgoals,andecologicalagriculture,circularindustryandsustainableserviceindustryasthebasiccontents.AEfficiencyBPovertyrelief

CHarmonyDSustainability正確答案：ACD第2題UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP)hasdefinedagreeneconomyas“onethatresultsinimprovedhumanwell-beingandsocialequity,whileeliminatingenvironmentalrisksandecologicalscarcities.”

()第3題greeneconomyhighlightsmaximumeconomicbenefits,whichreferstogarnerthehighestpossibleeconomicbenefitswiththelowestpossible(),andrealizethecoordinateddevelopmentofmaterial,ecologicalandspiritualcivilizations.AResourceconsumptionBEnergyconsumption

CProductconsumptionDCapitalconsumption第4題Threebenefitsofthegreeneconomy,respectivelyare().AEconomicbenefitBSocialbenefitCEnvironmentalbenefitDCulturalbenefit正確答案：CBA第5題In(),thefirstUnitedNationsConferenceontheHumanEnvironmentwasheld,andDeclarationontheHumanEnvironmentwasdiscussedandadopted.A1970B1972C1980D1992第6題In(),

theconceptofsustainabledevelopmentwasplacedbytheWorldCommissiononEnvironmentandDevelopmentinthereportOurCommonFuture

forthefirsttime,andthedefinitionhasbeenwidelyacceptedbytheinternationalcommunity.A1970B1972C1987D1992第7題In1987,

UnitedNationsConferenceonEnvironmentandDevelopment

publisheditsresearchreportof(),formingaprogrammaticdocumentformankindtobuildagreencivilization.AAgenda21BDeclarationoftheUnitedNationsConferenceontheHumanEnvironmentCLimitstoGrowthDOurCommonFuture第8題UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP)issuedthe“GlobalGreatGreenNewDealPolicy”

in(),whichplanstoexpanddemandandstimulateeconomicgrowthbyvigorouslydevelopinggreeneconomyaroundtheworld.A1972B1992C2000D2008第9題Thedevelopmentofgreenandnewurbanizationguidesthedevelopmentof(),andotherfields,andwillpromotetheadjustmentofregionalindustrialstructureandthegreentransformationofvariousrealeconomies.AGreeninfrastructureBGreenbuildingsCGreentransportation

DExpansionofurbanarea正確答案：ABC第10題Thesharingeconomyisaplatformestablishedbyinformationtechnologytorealizetherapidcirculationandefficientallocationofidleresourceelements,therebyachievinggreenbenefitsofreducingresourcewasteandimprovingresourceutilization.

()ChapterVIITest第1題Sustainabledevelopmentincludes().AEcologicalsustainabledevelopmentBEconomicsustainabledevelopmentCSocialsustainabledevelopmentD

Alloftheotheroptionsarecorrect第2題2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopmentcallsonallcountriestotakeaction,andstrivetoachievethe()sustainabledevelopmentgoals.A15B16C17

D18

第3題China’sAgenda21

isthefirstnationalsustainabledevelopmentstrategyintheworld.第4題Agenda21

includes

AOverallstrategyandpolicyforsustainabledevelopmentBSocialsustainabledevelopmentCEconomic

sustainable

developmentDReasonableuseofresourcesandenvironmentalprotection正確答案：DCBA第5題Chinahasbecomethecountrywiththelargestincreaseinforestresourcesintheworld.第6題WhatarethecommonshapesofEKCCurve?AU-shapedBInvertedU-shapedCSynchronousprogressivecurveDN-shaped正確答案：DCBA第7題EnvironmentalKuznetsCurvehypothesiswasproposedbyKuznets.第8題WhichofthefollowingarecharacteristicsoftheEnvironmentalKuznetsCurve?AUncertainspecificformBUncertainturningpointCUncertainvariableDUncertainpeakvalue正確答案：DCBA第9題TheformoftheenvironmentalKuznetscurveisuncertain,anditvariesaccordingtotheindicator,regionandotherfactorsselected.第10題CanChinafollowthewayof“pollutionfirst,treatmentafterwards”?()AYesBNoCEitherDUncertainChapterVIIITest第1題OnOctober18,2017,

XiJinpingpointedoutinthereportofthe19th

CPCNationalCongress

thatwemustensureharmonybetweenhumanandnature,

realizeandpersistthat(

)areinvaluableassets,

andimplementourfundamentalnationalpolicyof

conservingresourcesandprotectingtheenvironment.AeconomicdevelopmentsBscientific-technicalprogressClucidwatersandlushmountainsDinnovation-oriented第2題Conservingresourcesandprotectingtheenvironment

isChina’sfundamentalnationalpolicy.()第3題EcosystemServicesrefertobenefits

thathumansobtaindirectlyorindirectlyfromecosystems,ordirectcontributionofecosystems

tohumanswell-beingandbenefits.第4題Ecosystemservicevaluescanbedividedinto

usevaluesandnon-usevalues.

Whereusevaluesinclude().AdirectvalueBindirectvalueCoptionvalueDexistence

value第5題XueDayuanetal.

(1999,2000)

usedtheexpensemethod,travelcostmethod

andcontingentvaluemethodthatwererarelyusedatthattime

todetailedlyanalyzeandassess

()ofbiodiversityinthe

ChangbaiMountainNationalNatureReserve.AdirectusevalueBindirectusevalueCnon-usevalueDtourismvalue正確答案：DCB第6題()usedbyCostanzaetal.in1997

havethegreatestimpacton

thecalculationofglobalecosystemservicevalueandassetcapitals,

andhavebecomethebasisandreferenceformanysubsequentstudies.APhysicalassessmentmethodBEmergyanalysismethodCMarketvaluemethodDOpportunitycostmethod正確答案：DCBA第7題In2012,ZhuChunquanproposedto

incorporatethegrossproductofnaturalecosystems,

i.e.thesumofvalueoffinalgoodsandservicesprovidedbyecosystems

intoChina’snationaleconomydevelopmentassessmentandaccountingsystem.

()第8題Ecosystemservicevaluesrefertotruevalues

of

naturalresourcesandecosystemservicefunctionsusingeconomiclaws.()第9題In1997,Costanzaetal.calculatedthe

globalecosystemservicevalue

whichequaledto

1.8timestheglobalGrossNationalProductofthesameyear.()第10題LishuiCity

arefacingthefollowingdevelopmentconstraints:overalleconomicstrengthisnotstrong,lack

of

regionalcohesion

causedbyweakradiation,lackofidentityforcommondevelopmentcausedby“distance”,and

thehillymountainousterrain

limitsthedevelopmentoftransportinfrastructure.Inevitably,

LishuiCityhastodevelop()basedonitsnaturalecologicaladvantages.Aheavyindustry

Bhigh-technologyindustry

CecologicaleconomyDexport-orientedeconomyChapterIXTest第1題Whatareecologicallands?ACroplandBBuilt-uplandCFishinggroundsDFossilfuelland正確答案：DCBA第2題Bycalculating

ecologicalcarryingcapacity

oftraveldestinationsand

tourists’

ecologicalfootprint

toassessecologicalsurplus,wecanraisesuggestionsandmeasuresforsustainabledevelopment.

()第3題Theecologicalfootprintis

().

AstaticindexBinstantaneous

indexCdynamicindexDpermanentindex正確答案：AB第4題Inalleconomicregions,populationgrowthisfasterthantheincreaseinpercapitaecologicalfootprint.()第5題Compositionmethodissuitablefor

calculating

ecologicalfootprintof(

),suchastown,village,company,school,individualorsingleactivity.AsmallunitsBtheWorldCCountriesDregions第6題Whichofthefollowing

isanindirectlandoccupationofecologicalfootprint?()ABuilt-uplandBOffshorelandCGrazinglandDIndustrialland第7題Theecologicalfootprintoftransportationconsistsofdirectandindirectlandoccupatio