鄭西客運(yùn)專線基礎(chǔ)工程沉降觀測(cè)指導(dǎo)方案資料內(nèi)容僅供參考，如有不當(dāng)或者侵權(quán)，請(qǐng)聯(lián)系本人改正或者刪除。新建鄭州至西安鐵路客運(yùn)專線基礎(chǔ)工程沉降觀測(cè)指導(dǎo)方案(試行)Zheng-XiPDLFoundationEngineeringSettlementObservationDirectingScheme(Provision)鄭西鐵路客運(yùn)專線有限公司鄭西鐵路客運(yùn)專線工程咨詢項(xiàng)目部11月·西安目錄一、 總則 4二、 主要依據(jù)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及規(guī)范 5三、 沉降變形監(jiān)測(cè)網(wǎng)建立及測(cè)量技術(shù)要求 5四、 路基 7(一)一般規(guī)定 7(二)觀測(cè)的內(nèi)容 8(三)觀測(cè)斷面和觀測(cè)點(diǎn)的布置 8(四) 沉降觀測(cè)的頻度 9(五) 觀測(cè)精度要求 10(六) 沉降觀測(cè)要求 10(七) 評(píng)估方法和判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 11五、 橋梁 13(一) 一般規(guī)定 13(二)沉降觀測(cè)的內(nèi)容 14(三)沉降觀測(cè)點(diǎn)的布置 14(四)觀測(cè)精度 14(五)沉降觀測(cè)頻度 15(六)評(píng)估方法和判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 17六、 隧道 18(一)一般規(guī)定 18(二)沉降觀測(cè)的內(nèi)容 19(三)沉降觀測(cè)點(diǎn)的布置 19(四)觀測(cè)精度 19(五)沉降觀測(cè)頻度 19(六)評(píng)估方法及判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 20七、 過(guò)渡段 21(一)般規(guī)定 21(二)觀測(cè)點(diǎn)布置與觀測(cè)頻次 21(三)觀測(cè)精度 21(四)沉降觀測(cè)頻度 22(五)評(píng)估方法和判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 22八、 組織與管理 22(一)主要工作內(nèi)容 22(二)工作分工與職責(zé) 22(三)工作程序 24(四)工作要求 26附件一:沉降觀測(cè)記錄手簿格式 27附件二:沉降觀測(cè)表格式 31附件三:組合式沉降板路基沉降觀測(cè)方法 46附件四:路基沉降常見(jiàn)預(yù)測(cè)方法 53

鄭西鐵路客運(yùn)專線基礎(chǔ)工程沉降觀測(cè)指導(dǎo)方案Zheng-XiPDLFoundationEngineeringSettlementObservationDirectingScheme總則General為指導(dǎo)鄭西鐵路客運(yùn)專線做好施工期間的沉降觀測(cè),經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)路基、橋梁及隧道工程的沉降觀測(cè)資料進(jìn)行分析,預(yù)測(cè)工后沉降,提出加速路基沉降的措施,確定無(wú)碴軌道的鋪設(shè)時(shí)間,評(píng)估路基工后沉降控制效果,確保無(wú)碴軌道結(jié)構(gòu)的安全,制定本指導(dǎo)方案。InordertodirectZheng-XiPDLtodowellsettlementobservationduringconstruction,establishthisdirectingschemebyanalyzingsettlementobservationdataofsubgrades,bridges,andtunnels,forecastingsettlementafterconstruction,raisingacceleratingsubgradesettlementmeasurement,confirmingthetimeofpavingslabtrack,evaluatingthecontrollingeffectofsubgradesettlementafterconstruction,makingsuresafetyofslabtrackstructure.無(wú)碴軌道鋪設(shè)條件評(píng)估的重點(diǎn)應(yīng)是線下工程的變形,評(píng)估應(yīng)綜合考慮沿線路方向各種結(jié)構(gòu)物間的變形關(guān)系,以標(biāo)段為單位實(shí)施。設(shè)計(jì)單位按照本指導(dǎo)方案,以標(biāo)段為單位制定沉降觀測(cè)實(shí)施設(shè)計(jì)方案。Evaluationkeypointsofslabtrackpavingconditionsshouldbedeformationofunderlineconstruction.Evaluationshouldsyntheticallyconsiderdeformationrelationamongdifferentstructuresalongalienment,implementbysection.Contractorsshouldestablishsettlementobservationimplementdesignschemebysectionaccordingtothisscheme.基礎(chǔ)工程的沉降觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)必須采用先進(jìn)、成熟、科學(xué)的檢測(cè)手段取得,且必須真實(shí)可靠,全面反映工程實(shí)際狀況。Settlementobservationdataoffoundationengineeringshouldbegottenbyadvanced,matured,scientificcheckingmethods.Thedatawhichfullyreflectstheactualengineeringmustbetrue.本規(guī)定適用于施工期及正式驗(yàn)收經(jīng)過(guò)前的沉降觀測(cè)評(píng)估工作。Thisregulationappliestosettlementobservationevaluationduringconstructionandbeforeacceptance.主要依據(jù)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及規(guī)范Themainreferences:《客運(yùn)專線無(wú)碴軌道鋪設(shè)條件評(píng)估技術(shù)指南》;EvaluationTechniqueGuideforPavingConditionsofPDLSlabtrack《客運(yùn)專線無(wú)碴軌道鐵路工程測(cè)量技術(shù)暫行規(guī)定》;ProvisionalRegulationforPDLSlabtrackRailwayEngineeringMeasureTechnique《國(guó)家一、二等水準(zhǔn)測(cè)量規(guī)范》(GB12879－91)NationalFirstandSecondLevelMeasureRegulations(GB12879－91)《工程測(cè)量規(guī)范》(GB0026－93)EngineeringMeasureRegulations(GB0026－93)《全球定位系統(tǒng)(GPS)鐵路測(cè)量規(guī)程》GPSRailwayMeasureRegulations(TB10054－97)沉降變形監(jiān)測(cè)網(wǎng)建立及測(cè)量技術(shù)要求沉降監(jiān)測(cè)網(wǎng)的建立、精度要求等應(yīng)符合《客運(yùn)專線無(wú)碴軌道鐵路工程測(cè)量技術(shù)暫行規(guī)定》的要求;TheestablishmentandprecisionrequirementofsettlementmonitoringnetshouldaccordwithProvisionalRegulationforPDLSlabtrackRailwayEngineeringMeasureTechnique沉降監(jiān)測(cè)網(wǎng)應(yīng)在施工高程控制網(wǎng)的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行加密建立,按二等水準(zhǔn)測(cè)量的精度和測(cè)量方法要求進(jìn)行施測(cè)。Settlementmonitoringnetshouldbeencryptedbasedontheconstructionheightcontrolnet,andshouldimplementmeasureaccordingtomeasureprecisionandmeasuremethodsofsecondlevel.高程基準(zhǔn)網(wǎng)點(diǎn)間距不宜大于200m,以便于對(duì)沿線橋梁和路基等建筑物或構(gòu)筑物進(jìn)行沉降觀測(cè)。Thespacebetweenheightdatumnetpointsshouldbewithin200minordertoobservesettlementofbridges,subgradesandotherbuildingsalongtheline.變形測(cè)量點(diǎn)分為基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)、工作基點(diǎn)和變形觀測(cè)點(diǎn)。其布設(shè)應(yīng)符合下列要求:Deformationmeasurepointsareclassifiedintodatummarks,workbasicpointsanddeformationobservationpoints.Thelayoutofthemshouldaccordwiththefollowingrequirements:每個(gè)獨(dú)立的監(jiān)測(cè)網(wǎng)應(yīng)設(shè)置不少于3個(gè)穩(wěn)固可靠的基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn),且基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)的間距不大于1公里?；鶞?zhǔn)點(diǎn)應(yīng)選設(shè)在變形影響范圍以外便于長(zhǎng)期保存的穩(wěn)定位置。使用時(shí)應(yīng)作穩(wěn)定性檢查與檢驗(yàn),并應(yīng)以穩(wěn)定或相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的點(diǎn)作為測(cè)定變形的參考點(diǎn)。Eachindependentobservationnetshouldsetnolessthan3steadydatummarks,andthespacebetweendatummarksshouldbewithin1km.Thedatummarksshouldbesetoutofdeformationscope,whichiseasytolongtermkeep.Whenusing,shouldcheckthestability,andmakethestableorcomparativelystablepointsasthereferentpointsformeasuringdeformation.工作基點(diǎn)應(yīng)選在比較穩(wěn)定的位置。對(duì)觀測(cè)條件較好或觀測(cè)項(xiàng)目較少的工程,可不設(shè)立工作基點(diǎn),在基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)上直接測(cè)量變形觀測(cè)點(diǎn);Workbasicpointsshouldbesetatastableplace.Fortheengineeringwhichhasbetterobservationconditionsandlessobservationprojectscandirectlymeasuredeformationobservationpointsatdatummarks,withoutsettingworkbasicpoints.(3)變形觀測(cè)點(diǎn)應(yīng)設(shè)立在變形體上能反映變形特征的位置。Deformationobservationpointsshouldbesetataplacewhichcanreflectdeformationcharacters.每次觀測(cè)前,對(duì)所使用的儀器和設(shè)備,應(yīng)進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)校正,并保留檢驗(yàn)記錄.Beforeobservation,checkandrevisetheinstrumentandfacility,andsavethecheckingrecord.在沉降觀測(cè)基準(zhǔn)網(wǎng)建立后,應(yīng)對(duì)水準(zhǔn)基點(diǎn)做好保護(hù)工作,發(fā)現(xiàn)丟樁或樁位有移動(dòng)現(xiàn)象,應(yīng)盡快恢復(fù)和補(bǔ)測(cè)樁點(diǎn)。另外,應(yīng)定期對(duì)沉降觀測(cè)基準(zhǔn)網(wǎng)進(jìn)行復(fù)測(cè),提出復(fù)測(cè)成果,復(fù)測(cè)周期不大于6個(gè)月。Afterestablishingsettlementobservationnormnet,shouldprotectwelllevelbasicpoints.Iffindpiermissingormoved,shouldrecoverandmeasureitassoonaspossible.What’smore,shouldregularlyremeasuresettlementobservationnormnetandraiseremeasuringresults.Theremeasuringperiodshouldbenomorethan6months.應(yīng)使用精度不低于DSZ1的自動(dòng)安平水準(zhǔn)儀或DS1的氣泡式水準(zhǔn)儀,水準(zhǔn)標(biāo)尺應(yīng)采用與之配套的帶有兩排分劃的線條式銦瓦合金標(biāo)尺,水準(zhǔn)儀和水準(zhǔn)標(biāo)尺各項(xiàng)技術(shù)指標(biāo)應(yīng)符合《國(guó)家一、二等水準(zhǔn)測(cè)量規(guī)范》(GB12879－91)有關(guān)規(guī)定,在沉降觀測(cè)前和沉降觀測(cè)過(guò)程中的規(guī)定時(shí)間段應(yīng)對(duì)儀器和標(biāo)尺進(jìn)行檢定。Shouldusetheautomaticlevel,precisionofwhichisnolessthanDSZ1,orusethebubblelevelDS1.Thelevelrodshouldusetworowsindiumalloystaffgauge.EverytechnicalcriteriaofwaterlevelandlevelrodshouldaccordwithNationalFirstandSecondLevelMeasureRegulations(GB12879－91),facilitiesandrodsshouldbecheckedbeforesettlementobservationandatthespecifiedslotofsettlementobservation.沉降觀測(cè)置鏡點(diǎn)、觀測(cè)路線、觀測(cè)人員、觀測(cè)設(shè)備一般應(yīng)固定,在成像清晰穩(wěn)定的條件下進(jìn)行觀測(cè),不得在日出后及日出前約半小時(shí)及其它不宜觀測(cè)的天氣情況下作業(yè);作業(yè)中應(yīng)經(jīng)常對(duì)水準(zhǔn)儀及水準(zhǔn)尺的水準(zhǔn)器和i角進(jìn)行檢查;在同一測(cè)站觀測(cè)時(shí),不得兩次調(diào)焦,以確保觀測(cè)成果的質(zhì)量。Mirrorplaceofsettlementobservation,observationroutes,observers,observationfacilitiesshouldbefixed.Observeundertheclearandstableimagingcondition,don’taftersunrise,halfanhourbeforesunrise,andotherweatherwhichisn’tgoodforobservation;shouldfrequentlyexamineleveltubeandiangleoflevelinstrumentandlevelrod;inordertomakesurethequalityofobservationresultsdon’tfocustwotimesatthesameobservationstation.每一項(xiàng)目的工程變形測(cè)量任務(wù)完成以后要及時(shí)進(jìn)行測(cè)量成果整理,應(yīng)提交下列綜合成果資料:Afterfinishingengineeringdeformationmeasureofeachproject,clearuptheresultsintime,andhandinthefollowingdataofintegratedresults:(1)施測(cè)方案與技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)書(shū);measureschemeandtechniquedesign(2)控制點(diǎn)與觀測(cè)點(diǎn)平面布置圖;layoutplanofreferencepointsandobservationpoints(3)標(biāo)石、標(biāo)志規(guī)格及埋設(shè)圖;markstone,markstandard,andembeddeddrawing(4)儀器檢驗(yàn)與校正資料;checkfacilitiesandrevisedata(5)觀測(cè)記錄手簿;observationrecordnotebook(6)平差計(jì)算及測(cè)量成果表;balancecalculationandmeasureresultslist(7)變形過(guò)程和變形分布圖表;deformationprocessandlayoutplan(8)變形分析成果資料;dataofdeformationanalysisresults(9)變形測(cè)量技術(shù)報(bào)告。deformationmeasurementtechniquereport路基subgrade(一)一般規(guī)定generalregulation觀測(cè)的目的是經(jīng)過(guò)沉降觀測(cè),利用沉降觀測(cè)資料分析、預(yù)測(cè)工后沉降,提出加速路基沉降的措施,確定無(wú)碴軌道的鋪設(shè)時(shí)間,評(píng)估路基工后沉降控制效果,確保無(wú)碴軌道結(jié)構(gòu)的安全。Thepurposeoftheobservationisaftersettlementobserved,usedthesettlementobservationdatatoanalyzeandforecasttheafterworksettlement,putforwardthemeasure,whichincreasethesubgradesettlement,ensuretheslabtrackinstalledtime,estimatethesubgradeafterworksettlementcontroleffectandensuretheslabtrackstructuresafety.路基上無(wú)碴軌道鋪設(shè)前,應(yīng)對(duì)路基變形作系統(tǒng)的評(píng)估,確認(rèn)路基的工后沉降和變形滿足無(wú)碴軌道鋪設(shè)要求。Beforeinstalltheslabtrack,itshallsystemicassessthesubgradedeformationtoaffirmthesubgradeafterworksettlementanddeformationcansatisfytheslabtrackinstallationrequirement.路基填筑完成或施加預(yù)壓荷載后應(yīng)有不少于6個(gè)月的觀測(cè)和調(diào)整期。觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)不足以評(píng)估或工后沉降評(píng)估不能滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求時(shí),應(yīng)延長(zhǎng)觀測(cè)或采取必要的加速或控制沉降的措施。Afterfinishedfillingorpreloading,itshallhavemorethan6monthsobservationandadjustmentperiod.Whentheobserveddataisnotsufficienttoassessthesettlementortheafterworksettlementcannotsatisfythedesignrequirement,itshallbeextendedtheobservationtimeoradoptedthenecessarymeasuretoincreaseorcontrolthesettlement.觀測(cè)期內(nèi),路基沉降實(shí)測(cè)值超過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)值20％及以上時(shí),應(yīng)及時(shí)查明原因,必要時(shí)進(jìn)行地質(zhì)復(fù)查,并根據(jù)實(shí)測(cè)結(jié)果調(diào)整計(jì)算參數(shù),對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)預(yù)測(cè)沉降進(jìn)行修正或采取沉降控制措施。Intheobservationperiod,whentheactualmeasuredsettlementexceedmorethan20%ofthedesignvalue,itshallclarifythereason,whennecessaryitshallrecheckthegeology,andaccordingtotheactualmeasuredresulttoadjustthecalculationparameter,modifyoradoptthesettlementcontrolmeasureforthedesignforecastsettlement.評(píng)估時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)異?，F(xiàn)象或?qū)υ加涗涃Y料存在疑問(wèn),要進(jìn)行必要的檢查。Whenassess,ifitwillappeartheabnormalappearanceorexistthedoubtfortheoriginalrecorderdata,itshallbechecked.(二)觀測(cè)的內(nèi)容thecontentoftheobservation路基沉降觀測(cè)應(yīng)以路基面沉降和地基沉降觀測(cè)為主。Thesubgradesettlementobservationshallmainlyobservethesubgradesurfacesettlementandfoundationsettlement路塹沉降觀測(cè)部位為基床表層的底面處。Thecuttingsettlementobservationpartisthebottomsurfaceofthebeddingsurfacelayer.路堤沉降是由路堤本體和地基組成,為了觀測(cè)到路堤的沉降與時(shí)間的關(guān)系,及沉降主要產(chǎn)生的部位,一般路堤觀測(cè)的內(nèi)容應(yīng)為:基床底層頂面的路基總沉降和地基面處地基部分總沉降。Theembankmentsettlementiscausedbyembankmentandthefoundation.Toobservetherelationshipbetweenthesettlementandtimeoftheembankmentandthemainpartthatcausedthesettlement,generallytheembankmentobservationcontentis:thesubgradetotalsettlementofthebeddingbottomlayersurfaceandthefoundationparttotalsettlementofthefoundationsurface.對(duì)于地基條件復(fù)雜和填土高度大的路堤,還包括如下內(nèi)容:路堤中部的沉降觀測(cè);地基處理范圍的下限處地基深部的沉降觀測(cè)。Fortheembankmentthatthefoundationconditionismorecomplexandthefillingishigher,itshallbealsocontainedthefollowingcontent:thesettlementobservationinthemiddlepartoftheembankment;inthefoundationtreatmentrangethelowerlimitpart,thesettlementobservationofthefoundationdepth.(三)觀測(cè)斷面和觀測(cè)點(diǎn)的布置settheobservationcrosssectionandobservationpoint1、觀測(cè)斷面布置settheobservationcrosssection路基沉降觀測(cè)斷面的設(shè)置及觀測(cè)斷面的觀測(cè)內(nèi)容應(yīng)根據(jù)地形地質(zhì)條件、地基處理方法、路堤高度、堆載預(yù)壓等具體情況,結(jié)合沉降預(yù)測(cè)方法和工期要求具體確定。

Thesetupofsubgradesettlementobservationcrosssectionandtheobservationcontentoftheobservationcrosssectionshallfollowthelandformandgeologicalcondition,foundationtreatmentmethod,heightoftheembankment,preloadingetc,andcombinewiththesettlementforecastingmethodandtheworktimerequirementtodetermine.沉降觀測(cè)斷面的間距一般不應(yīng)大于50m。地形、地質(zhì)條件變化較大地段應(yīng)適當(dāng)加密(以設(shè)計(jì)文件為準(zhǔn)),應(yīng)不大于25m布設(shè)一個(gè)斷面。

Generally,thedistancebetweentheobservationcrosssectionsisnolargerthan50m,ifthefoundationconditioniscomplex,thelandformischangedalot(thedesigndocumentasastandard)itshallbeincreased,every25mitshallbesetonecrosssection.一個(gè)沉降觀測(cè)單元(連續(xù)路基沉降觀測(cè)區(qū)段為一單元)應(yīng)不少于2個(gè)觀測(cè)斷面。

Inonesettlementobservationunit(continuoussubgradesettlementobservationsectionisoneunit),itisnolessthan2observationcrosssections.2、觀測(cè)點(diǎn)布置settheobservationpoint沉降觀測(cè)可在線路兩側(cè)地基、路肩和線路中心設(shè)置觀測(cè)樁;在地基和基床底層的頂面設(shè)置剖面沉降管,或在線路中心設(shè)置沉降板。

Thesettlementobservationcanbesetonthefoundation,shoulderatthetwosidesofthelineandinthecenterofthelineitcanbesettheobservationpile.Onthesurfaceofthefoundationandthebeddingbottomlayeritshallbesettheprofilesettlementpipe,orinthecenterofthelineshallbesetthesettlementboard.對(duì)于路堤觀測(cè)斷面,在線路中心線布設(shè)一組沉降板,路肩兩側(cè)布設(shè)變形觀測(cè)樁。對(duì)地形橫向坡度大或地層橫向厚度變化的路基工點(diǎn)應(yīng)布設(shè)不少于1個(gè)橫向觀測(cè)斷面,每個(gè)斷面3組觀測(cè)點(diǎn)。

Itshallbesetonegroupsettlementboardonthealignmentcenterlinefortheembankmentobservationcrosssection,onthetwosidesoftheshoulderitshallbesetthedeformationobservationpile.Forthesubgradeworkareathatthelandformcrossdirectiongradientislargerorthestratumcrossdirectionthicknesschanged,itshallbesetmorethan1crossobservationsection,everycrosssectionshallcontain3groupobservationpoints.有預(yù)壓土路塹地段,每個(gè)路塹斷面在線路中心設(shè)沉降板一組,兩側(cè)路肩各設(shè)觀測(cè)樁1個(gè)。無(wú)預(yù)壓土路塹地段,每個(gè)路塹斷面在兩側(cè)路肩各設(shè)觀測(cè)樁1個(gè)。

Forthecuttingsectionthathavethepreloading,everycuttingcrosssectionshallbesetonegroupcombinedtypesettlementboardinthecenterofthealignment,onthetwosidesoftheshoulderitshallbesetoneobservationpileseparately.forthecuttingsectionsthatnopreloading,everycuttingcrosssectionshallbesetoneobservationpileseparatelyonthetwosidesoftheshoulder.組合式沉降板對(duì)于減少路基填筑的施工干擾有優(yōu)勢(shì),能夠在鄭西客運(yùn)專線試驗(yàn)使用。實(shí)施前應(yīng)制定操作細(xì)則、做好培訓(xùn)。組合式沉降板路基沉降觀測(cè)方法見(jiàn)附件一。

Thecombinationformsettlementboardhastheadvantagetoreducethesubgradefillingconstructioninfluence,itcanbetestedusedforZheng-XiPDL.Beforeperformed,itshallsettheoperationdetailedprinciples,andpreparethetraining.Thecombinationformsettlementboardsubgradesettlementobservationmethodseestheattachment1.圖1路堤沉降觀測(cè)斷面觀測(cè)標(biāo)志布置示意圖Drawing1thedrawingofembankmentsettlementobservationcrosssectionembeddedthemark圖2路塹沉降觀測(cè)斷面觀測(cè)標(biāo)志布置示意圖Drawing2thedrawingforcuttingsettlementobservationcrosssectionsetthemark沉降觀測(cè)的頻度thefrequencyofthesettlementobservation沉降觀測(cè)分為四階段進(jìn)行,每個(gè)階段的沉降觀測(cè)的頻次應(yīng)根據(jù)沉降的發(fā)生與發(fā)展規(guī)律及沉降大小確定,一般應(yīng)按照如下觀測(cè)頻度進(jìn)行。Thesettlementobservationshallbedividedintofourstages,thesettlementobservationfrequencyofeverystageshallbefollowedthesettlementdevelopedregulationandthesettlementdimensionstoensure,generallyitshallbedonefollowthefollowingobservationfrequency.第一階段:路基填筑施工期間的觀測(cè),主要觀測(cè)路基填土施工期間地基與堤身的沉降變形以及路堤坡腳邊樁位移與沉降。本階段沉降觀測(cè)應(yīng)與施工配合,每填筑一層應(yīng)觀測(cè)一次;同時(shí)應(yīng)保證不超過(guò)3天觀測(cè)1次。Firststage:theobservationduringthesubgradefillingconstruction,mainlyobservedthefoundationandembankmentsettlementdeformationandthereplacementandsettlementofthesidepileonthetoeoftheembankmentslopeduringthesubgradefillingconstructionperiod.Forthisstage,thesettlementobservationshallbecooperatedwiththeconstruction,whenfilledonelayeritshallbeobservedonce,atthesametime,itshallbeobservedoncein3d.第二階段:路基填筑施工完成且預(yù)壓土方施加后,自然沉落期的沉降觀測(cè),該階段應(yīng)對(duì)路基基床底層頂面的沉降及路基基底沉降進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的觀測(cè),直到工后沉降評(píng)估可滿足鋪設(shè)無(wú)碴軌道的要求為止。本階段的沉降觀測(cè)頻度為:第1～15天每3天一次,第16～90天每7天一次,第90～180天每15天一次。Secondstage:afterfinishedsubgradefillingconstructionandpreloading,thesettlementobservationforthenaturalsettlementperiod,forthisstageitshallbeobservedthesurfacesettlementofthesubgradethetopofbeddingbottomlayerandthesubgradefoundationbottomsettlementuntiltheafterworksettlementevaluationcansatisfyinstalledtheslabtrackrequirement.Thesettlementobservationfrequencyis:forthefirst1-15d,every3donce,the16th-90d,every7donce,the90th-180devery15donce.第三階段:預(yù)壓土方卸載、鋪設(shè)基床表層(級(jí)配碎石層)、無(wú)碴軌道鋪設(shè)期間及正式運(yùn)營(yíng)前的觀測(cè)。本階段的沉降觀測(cè)頻度為:前15天每3天一次,第15天后每7天一次。Thirdstage:theobservationforunloadthepreloading,pavethebeddingsurfacelayer(gradatedcrushedstonelayer),installtheslabtrackperiodandbeforeofficiallyoperation.Thesettlementobservationfrequencyis:forthefirst15devery3donce,forthelast15devery7donce.第四階段:試運(yùn)營(yíng)期間的觀測(cè)(對(duì)于需進(jìn)行運(yùn)營(yíng)期進(jìn)行沉降觀測(cè)的路基)。本階段的沉降觀測(cè)主要進(jìn)行路基面觀測(cè)樁的觀測(cè),一般每月1次,必要時(shí)進(jìn)行路基本體沉降及地基土沉降的觀測(cè)。Forthstage:theobservationforthetestoperationperiod(forthesubgradethatneedtobeobservedthesettlementduringtheoperationperiod).Thesettlementobservationmainlyobservedthesubgradesurfaceobservationpile,generallyeverymonthonce,ifitisnecessaryitshallbeobservedsubgradesettlementandthefoundationsoilsettlement.實(shí)際工作進(jìn)行時(shí),觀測(cè)時(shí)間的間隔還要看地基的沉降值和沉降速率,兩次連續(xù)觀測(cè)的沉降差值大于4mm時(shí)應(yīng)加密觀測(cè)頻次。當(dāng)出現(xiàn)沉降突變、地下水變化及降雨等外部環(huán)境變化時(shí)應(yīng)增加觀測(cè)頻次。Whendotheactualwork,theobservedtimeandintervalneedtoconcernaboutthesettlementvalueandsettlementspeed,whenthesettlementdifferentvalueoftwicecontinuouslyobservationismorethan4mm,itshallbeincreasedtheobservationfrequency.Whentheoutsideenvironmentchangede.g.thesettlementsuddenlychangedalot,thegroundwaterchangedandtherainfalletc.itshallincreasetheobservationfrequency.觀測(cè)精度要求therequirementoftheobservationaccuracy沉降水準(zhǔn)的測(cè)量精度為±1mm,讀數(shù)取位至0.1mm;剖面沉降的測(cè)量精度為8mm/30m。Thesurveyaccuracyofthesettlementwaterlevelis±1mm,thereadingaccuracyis0.1mm,andthesurveyaccuracyoftheprofilesettlementis8mm/30m.沉降觀測(cè)要求thesettlementobservationrequirement為達(dá)到路基沉降觀測(cè)的目的,建立沉降與時(shí)間的關(guān)系,了解產(chǎn)生沉降的部位,沉降觀測(cè)應(yīng)考慮如下要求。Toachievethesubgradesettlementobservationpropose,itshallbecreatedthesettlement-timerelationshiptoknowwhichpartcausedthesettlement.Thesettlementobservationshallbeconsideredthefollowingrequirement.為了觀測(cè)到各部位的總沉降,從路基填土開(kāi)始,沉降觀測(cè)也隨即進(jìn)行。

Toobservetotalsettlementofeverypart,itshallbestartedfromthesubgradefillingandtogetherwiththesettlementobservation.沉降標(biāo)志的埋設(shè)是在施工過(guò)程中進(jìn)行的,施工單位的填筑施工要與標(biāo)志的埋設(shè)作好協(xié)調(diào),做到互不干擾、影響。路堤的填筑進(jìn)度要及時(shí)告知負(fù)責(zé)埋設(shè)沉降板的人員,避免錯(cuò)過(guò)最佳埋設(shè)機(jī)會(huì)。觀測(cè)設(shè)施的埋設(shè)及沉降觀測(cè)工作應(yīng)按本方案所要求,不能影響路基填筑質(zhì)量的均勻性。

Thesettlementmarkshallbeembeddedduringtheconstructionprocedure,thecontractorshallcooperatethefillingconstructionwiththemarkembeddedandnoninterferenceandnoinfluence.Therateprogressoftheembankmentfillingshallbeinformedtothepersonwhoresponsibleforembedsthecombinedtypesettlementboardintimetoavoidlossestheoptimizedembeddedtime.Theobservationequipmentembeddedandthesettlementobservationworkshallbefollowedthisschemerequirement,andcannotinfluencethesubgradefillingqualityuniformity.在沉降板埋設(shè)基本不影響施工的條件下,路基的施工應(yīng)作到碾壓的均勻性,質(zhì)量的一致性,使沉降觀測(cè)資料具有良好的代表性。

Undertheconditionthatthesettlementequipmentembeddedbasicallycannotinfluencetheconstruction,thesubgradeconstructionshallberolleduniformity,thequalityisconsistency,andthesettlementobservationdatahavethewellrepresentative.4．為了分析施工期沉降和工后沉降、施工期沉降與總沉降的關(guān)系以及驗(yàn)證推算工后沉降方法的準(zhǔn)確性,對(duì)部分有代表性路基(暫定工程試驗(yàn)段),進(jìn)行運(yùn)營(yíng)期間的長(zhǎng)期沉降觀測(cè),以期得到最終沉降量。

Toanalyzethesettlementandafterworksettlementduringtheconstructionperiod,therelationshipbetweenthesettlementduringtheconstructionperiodandtotalsettlementandverifytheveracityoftheafterworksettlementmethod,itshallbeobservedthesettlementduringtheoperationtimeforlongtimeforparttypicalsubgrade(temporarydeterminedthetestsection)thengetthefinalsettlement.評(píng)估方法和判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)assessmentmethodanddeterminationstandard1、觀測(cè)資料整理summarizedtheobservationdata采用統(tǒng)一的《鄭西客運(yùn)專線路基沉降觀測(cè)記錄表》(見(jiàn)附表)做好觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)的記錄與整理。

ItshallbeusedtheuniformZheng-XiPDLsubgradesettlementobservationrecordingtable(seetheattachedtable)torecordandcoordinatetheobservationdata.根據(jù)觀測(cè)資料,及時(shí)完成有關(guān)圖表的繪制,主要包括:accordingtotheobservationdata,itshallbefinishedthediagramintime,mainlycontained:每個(gè)觀測(cè)標(biāo)志點(diǎn)的荷載——時(shí)間——沉降曲線;

theload-time-settlementcurveforeveryobservationsymbolpoint產(chǎn)生沉降的各層壓縮量與時(shí)間的關(guān)系曲線,即每層的時(shí)間——荷載——壓縮量曲線。

Foreverylayerthatcaused,thesettlementcompressionvalue-timerelationshipcurve,thatmeanseverylayertime-load-compressioncurve.繪制每個(gè)觀測(cè)標(biāo)志點(diǎn)的——曲線

the——curveofeveryobservationsymbolpoint圖4——曲線(為橫坐標(biāo),縱坐標(biāo))Drawing4——curve(istheabscissa,istheverticalcoordinate)sn為時(shí)間段每n天的沉降值,為時(shí)間段每n天沉降值的累計(jì)值,在同一圖上繪有沉降標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線,曲線示意如圖4。snisthetimesectionthatmeanseveryndaysthesettlement,isthetimesectionthatmeanseveryndaysthesettlementaccumulatedvalue),inthesamedrawingitshallbedrawnthesettlementstandardcurve,thecurveseethedrawing4.對(duì)沉降觀測(cè)資料及時(shí)分析,特別是在預(yù)壓期,應(yīng)對(duì)路基沉降的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)進(jìn)行分析,分析意見(jiàn)及時(shí)報(bào)鄭西公司和咨詢項(xiàng)目部,以便在必要時(shí)采取補(bǔ)救措施。

thesettlementobservationdatashallbeanalyzedintime,especiallyforthepreloadingperiod,itshallbeanalyzedthesubgradesettlementdevelopedtrend,thecommentsshallbedeliveredtotheZheng-XiCompanyandconsultancydepartment,whennecessaryitcanbeusedtheremediationtreatmentforthepreloading2、路基評(píng)估工作應(yīng)根據(jù)下列資料綜合分析:thesubgradeassessmentshallfollowthefollowingdatatoanalyze:路基沉降觀測(cè)資料。Thesubgradesettlementobservationdata路基地段的線路設(shè)計(jì)縱斷面圖、工程地質(zhì)縱橫斷面圖、設(shè)計(jì)圖紙和說(shuō)明書(shū)、沉降計(jì)算報(bào)告(包括不同階段的設(shè)計(jì)沉降值與時(shí)間的關(guān)系曲線)等相關(guān)設(shè)計(jì)資料。Thelongitudinaldrawingofthesubgradesectionalignment,thegeologicallongitudinalandcrosssectiondrawing,designdrawinganddesigndocument,settlementcalculationreport(containtherelationshipcurvebetweenthedesignedsettlementvalueandtimeofdifferentstage)etcrelevantdesigndata.施工過(guò)程、施工核查以及填料、級(jí)配、地基和壓實(shí)檢驗(yàn)情況等施工資料。Constructionprocedure,constructioncheckandfilling,gradated,foundationandcompactioninspectionsituationetcconstructiondata.施工質(zhì)量控制過(guò)程和抽檢情況等監(jiān)理資料。Constructionqualitycontrolprocedureandsampleinspectionsituationetcsupervisiondata.3、評(píng)估分析方法evaluationanalysismethod路基沉降預(yù)測(cè)應(yīng)采用曲線回歸法,常見(jiàn)方法有:雙曲線法、固結(jié)度對(duì)數(shù)配合法(三點(diǎn)法)、拋物線法、指數(shù)曲線法、修正指數(shù)曲線法、沉降速率法、星野法、泊松曲線法等曲線擬合方法推算工后沉降(詳見(jiàn)附件二《路基沉降常見(jiàn)預(yù)測(cè)方法》)。黃土地區(qū)沉降曲線適合用何種方法推算工后沉降,需要在路基沉降預(yù)測(cè)時(shí)具體分析研究。

thesubgradesettlementforecastshallbeusedcurvilinearregressionmethod,generallymethodsare:hyperboliccurvemethod,consolidationlogarithmiccooperationmethod(three-pointmethod),parabolicmethod,exponentcurvemethod,modifiedexponentcurvemethod,settlementspeedmethod,Xingyemethod,Poissoncurvemethodetccurvefittingmethodtoestimatetheafterworksettlement(seetheattachedSubgradeSettlementGeneralForecastMethod).Fortheloessarea,whichmethodshallbeusedforestimatetheafterworksettlement,whenforecastthesubgradesettlementitneedtoanalyzeandresearch.路基沉降預(yù)測(cè)曲線回歸法應(yīng)滿足以下要求:thesubgradesettlementforecastcurvilinearregressionmethodshallsatisfythefollowingrequirement:根據(jù)路基填筑完成或堆載預(yù)壓后不少于3個(gè)月的實(shí)際觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)作多種曲線的回歸分析,確定沉降變形的趨勢(shì),曲線回歸的相關(guān)系數(shù)不應(yīng)低于0.92;Accordingtothemorethan3monthsactualobserveddataaftersubgradefilledorpreloading,itcandothecurvilinearregressionanalysisofmanykindsofcurvestoensurethesettlementdeformationtrend.Therelatedcoefficientofthecurvilinearregressionisnolessthan0.92.沉降預(yù)測(cè)的可靠性應(yīng)經(jīng)過(guò)驗(yàn)證,間隔不少于3個(gè)月的兩次預(yù)測(cè)最終沉降的差值不應(yīng)大于8mm;Thereliabilityofthesettlementforecastshallbechecked,thedifferentvalueofthetwotimes,whichtheintervalismorethan3months,forecastedthefinalsettlementcannotlargerthan8mm.路基填筑完成或堆載預(yù)壓后,最終的沉降預(yù)測(cè)時(shí)間應(yīng)滿足下列條件:

afterfinishedthesubgradefilledorpreloading,thefinalsettlementforecastedtimeshallsatisfythefollowingcondition:s(t)/s(t=∞)≥75%式中s(t)——預(yù)測(cè)時(shí)的沉降觀測(cè)值;whenforecast,thisisthesettlementobservedvalues(t=∞)——預(yù)測(cè)的最終沉降值。Theforecastedfinalsettlementvalue注:沉降和時(shí)間以路基填筑完成或堆載預(yù)壓后為起始點(diǎn)。Remark:forthesettlementandtime,afterthesubgradefilledorpreloadingasthestartpoint.設(shè)計(jì)沉降計(jì)算總沉降量與經(jīng)過(guò)實(shí)測(cè)資料預(yù)測(cè)的總沉降量之差值不宜大于10mm。

thedifferencebetweenthedesignedsettlementcalculatedtotalsettlementandforecastedtotalsettlementthatusedtheactualmeasureddataisunadvisablelargerthan10mm.路基填筑完成或施加預(yù)壓荷載后應(yīng)有不少于6個(gè)月的觀測(cè)和調(diào)整期,持續(xù)沉降觀測(cè)不少于6個(gè)月的時(shí)間,根據(jù)這6個(gè)月以上的監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù),繪制”時(shí)間-沉降量"曲線,按實(shí)測(cè)沉降數(shù)據(jù)推算分析并推算總沉降量、工后沉降值,初步確定鋪軌時(shí)間。觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)不足以評(píng)估或工后沉降評(píng)估不能滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求時(shí),應(yīng)繼續(xù)觀測(cè)或采取必要的加速或控制沉降的措施。

Afterfilledthesubgradeorpreloading,itshallhavemorethan6monthsobservationandadjustmentperiod,thecontinuouslysettlementobservationismorethan6months.Accordingtotheobservationdataupto6months,itshallbedrawnthetime-settlementcurve.Accordingtotheactualsettlementdataanalysistocalculatethetotalsettlement,afterworksettlement,anditshallbeprimarilydeterminedthetimetoinstalltheslabtrack.Whentheobserveddataisnotsufficienttoassessortheafterworksettlementcannotsatisfythedesignrequirement,itshallcontinuouslyobserveoradoptmeasuretoincreaseorcontrolthesettlement在3個(gè)月后進(jìn)行第一次預(yù)測(cè),根據(jù)3個(gè)月的監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù),繪制”時(shí)間-沉降量"曲線,按實(shí)測(cè)沉降數(shù)據(jù)初步預(yù)測(cè)6月的沉降量及剩余沉降量,以決定運(yùn)架梁的時(shí)間。

After3monthsitshallbeforecastedforthefirsttime.Accordingtothe3monthssupervisiondata,itshallbedrawnthetime-settlementcurve,accordingtotheactualsettlementdata,itshallbeprimaryforecastedthe6monthssettlementandtheresidentialsettlementtodeterminethetimeforlaunchinggirder.Itisallowedtoimprovetheforecastaccordingtothefarthersettlementobservationdata.當(dāng)推算的工后沉降值滿足評(píng)估標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí),才能鋪設(shè)無(wú)碴軌道。當(dāng)沉降分析結(jié)果表明無(wú)碴軌道不能在計(jì)劃的工期鋪設(shè)時(shí),則要研究確定是延長(zhǎng)路基擺放時(shí)間,還是采取調(diào)整預(yù)壓土高度、調(diào)整預(yù)壓土卸荷時(shí)間、增加地基加固等工程措施。

whenthecalculatedafterworksettlementcansatisfytheassessmentstandard,itcanbeinstalledtheslabtrack.Whenthesettlementanalysisresultshownthattheslabtrackcannotbeinstalledintheplannedworktime,itshalldiscusstoensurewhetherextendthesubgradepreloadingtimeoradjusttheheightofpreloading,adjusttheunloadingtime,increasethefoundationtreatmentetc.measures.3、評(píng)估標(biāo)準(zhǔn)theevaluationstandard根據(jù)實(shí)測(cè)沉降觀測(cè)資料推算的路基工后沉降量不超過(guò)扣件允許的沉降調(diào)高量15mm;

accordingtotheactualsettlementobservationdata,thatcalculatedthesubgradeafterworksettlementisnotexceedthefastenerallowedsettlementadjustedvalue15mm.沉降比較均勻的路基,推算最大工后沉降量不超過(guò)30mm,而且調(diào)整軌面高程后圓順的豎曲線半徑應(yīng)不小于(為設(shè)計(jì)最高速度,km/h);

forthesubgradethatthesettlementismoreuniform,thecalculatedmaximumafterworksettlementcannotexceed30mm,andalsoafteradjustedtherailelevationthesmoothlyverticalradiusisnolessthan0.4(isthedesignedmaximumspeed,km/h)路橋或路隧交界處的差異沉降不應(yīng)大于5mm,過(guò)渡段沉降造成的路基與橋梁或隧道的折角不應(yīng)大于1/1000。Thedifferentiasettlementofthesubgrade-bridgeorsubgrade-tunnelislessthan5mm,thesubgrade-bridgeorsubgrade-tunnelanglecausedbythetransitionsectionsettlementislessthan1/1000橋梁Bridge一般規(guī)定Generalrequirement無(wú)碴軌道鋪設(shè)前,應(yīng)對(duì)橋涵變形作系統(tǒng)的評(píng)估,確認(rèn)橋涵基礎(chǔ)沉降和梁體長(zhǎng)期變形等符合設(shè)計(jì)要求。Beforeconstructingslabtrack,systemicevaluationmustbecarriedoutonstructuredeformationtoconfirmthatstructurefoundationsettlementandlong-termdeformationofsuperstructurecansatisfydesignrequirements.經(jīng)過(guò)各施工階段對(duì)墩臺(tái)沉降的觀測(cè),驗(yàn)證和校核設(shè)計(jì)理論、設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算方法,并根據(jù)沉降資料的分析預(yù)測(cè)總沉降和工后沉降量,進(jìn)而確定橋梁工后沉降是否滿足鋪設(shè)無(wú)碴軌道要求。Byobservingsettlementforeachconstructionstageonpiersandabutment,toverifyandcheckdesignprinciple,designcalculationmethod,andaccordingtothesettlementobservationdocumentstoanalyzetheforecastedtotalsettlementandtheamountofafter-worksettlement,thentomakesurethatiftheafter-worksettlementcansatisfytherequirementofdesign.根據(jù)沉降資料分析,對(duì)沉降量可能超標(biāo)的墩臺(tái)研究對(duì)策,提出改進(jìn)措施,以保證橋梁工程的安全;同時(shí)積累實(shí)體橋梁工程的沉降觀測(cè)資料,為完善樁基礎(chǔ)沉降分析方法作技術(shù)儲(chǔ)備。Accordingtosettlementobservationdocumenttocarryoutanalysis,forabutmentandpierswithhighervaluemaybeexceedrequirement,shalltakestudy,andputoutimprovingmeasuretoguaranteethesafetyofbridgestructure;atthesametimetoaccumulatetheactualbridgessettlementobservationdocuments,tomakethetechnologybaseforcompletinganalysismethodonpilefoundationsettlementobservation.橋涵主體工程完工后,沉降觀測(cè)期一般應(yīng)不少于6個(gè)月;巖石地基等良好地質(zhì)區(qū)段的橋梁,沉降觀測(cè)期應(yīng)不少于2個(gè)月。觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)不足或工后沉降評(píng)估不能滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求時(shí),應(yīng)適當(dāng)延長(zhǎng)觀測(cè)期。Afterfinishingmainstructureofbridge&culvert,periodofsettlementmonitoringshallnotbelessthan6months;forbridgesinareawithgoodgeologicalconditionlikerocklayers,thesettlementmonitoringperiodshallnotbelessthan2months.Whenthemonitoringdataisnotsufficientorevaluationofsettlementafter-workcannotsatisfydesi