人教版2019必修第二冊(cè)Unit4HistoryandTraditionsReadingandThinkingLearningobjectives:

Attheendofthislesson,studentsareableto:1.ReadaboutthehistoryandtraditionsoftheUK;2.GiveabriefintroductionoftheUK;3.TalkaboutChinesehistory,usingwhattheyhavelearnedinthislesson.Deepenstudents’understandingofthelonghistoryofourowncountry.Lead-in：

What’sthenameofthecountry?GreatBritain?theUnitedKingdom?England?theUK?Lead-in：

WhatdoyouknowabouttheUnitedKingdom?Lead-in：

WhatdoyouknowabouttheUnitedKingdom?Lead-in：

BackgroundinformationaboutUK.TheUnitedKingdom,whosefullnameistheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland,iscommonlyknownastheUK.TheUnitedKingdomisoneoftheworld'sbiggesttouristdestinations.Thecountry'sprincipaltouristresortsareinLondon,withtheTowerofLondonbeingthesinglemostvisitedattractioninthecountry.lookatthemapinactivity2,anddiscussthefollowingquestionsinpairs.Lead-in：

1.Whatdoesthemapshow?Whatisitusedfor?2.Whatdothedifferentsymbolsandcoloursstandfor?Whatdoesthemapshow?Whatisthemapusedfor?ThemapshowstheBritishIsles,theislandswhichmakeuptheGreatBritain(England,Scotland,andWales)andIreland(IrelandandNorthernIreland).ItisusedtoshowthefourdifferentcountriesthatmakeuptheUKandsomeofthemajorcities.Lead-in：

Lead-in：

Whatdothedifferentsymbols(e.g.icons,circles,spots)andcoloursstandfor?Thesmallcirclesstandforbigcitiestheredspotstandsforthecapitaldifferentcoloursstandfordifferentregionsorcountries.Pre-reading：

Lookatthetitleandthemap,andthinkaboutthefollowingquestions.1.Whatmessagecanyougetfromthetitle?Whatmight"aname"herereferto?2.Whatmightthetextbemainlyabout?Pre-reading：

Lookatthetitleandthemap,andthinkaboutthefollowingquestions.1.Whatmessagecanyougetfromthetitle?Whatmight"aname"herereferto?Fromthetitleandthemap,wecanknowthatthetextmainlytalksaboutthehistoryofnamesoftheUK.Itmayrefertoanameofacountry..Pre-reading：

Lookatthetitleandthemap,andthinkaboutthefollowingquestions.2.Whatmightthetextbemainlyabout?ThehistoryoftheUnitedKingdom.While-reading：

Readthetextandfindoutthemainideaofit.AbriefintroductiontotheUKaboutitsfoundationanddevelopmentbasedongeography,historyandculture,etc.While-reading：

Themainideaofeachparagraph.Para.1.Para.2.Para.3.Para.4.Para.5Theintroductionofthetopic.Howdidthename“theUK”comeintobeing?TherearesimilaritiesanddifferencesofthefourcountriesintheUK.FourgroupsofpeopleinfluencedtheUK.ItisbeneficialtostudythehistoryandtraditionsofUK.Para1:Theintroductionofthetopic.

Howdoesthewriterintroducethetopicofthispassage?Para.1ThispuzzleByraisingapuzzletoarouse(激起)interestofthereaders.What’sthepassagemainlyabout?Thebriefhistory

oftheUK.Scanforthetopicsentences.Paragraph1WHAT’SINANAME?

TheUnitedKingdom,GreatBritain,Britain,England—manypeopleareconfusedbywhatthesedifferentnamesmean.Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthem,ifany?GettingtoknowalittlebitaboutBritishhistorywillhelpyousolvethispuzzle.

Question--Solution聯(lián)合王國(guó)、大不列顛、英國(guó)、英格蘭——許多人對(duì)這些不同名稱的含義感到困惑。那么它們之間有什么區(qū)別呢？了解一點(diǎn)英國(guó)歷史會(huì)幫助你解決這個(gè)難題。16thcentury19thcentury20thcentury18thcenturyPara.2OriginPara2:HowdidtheUKcomeintobeing?WaleswasjoinedtoKingdomofEnglandScotlandwasjoinedtoEnglandandWalesIrelandwasaddedthesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawayTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIrelandTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandParagraph2Inthe16thcentury,thenearbycountryofWaleswasjoinedtotheKingdomofEngland.Later,inthe18thcentury,thecountryScotlandwasjoinedtocreatetheKingdomofGreatBritain.Inthe19thcentury,theKingdomofIrelandwasaddedtocreatetheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland.Finally,inthe20thcentury,thesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawayfromtheUK,whichresultedinthefullnamewehavetoday:theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.Mostpeoplejustusetheshortenedname:“theUnitedKingdom”or“theUK”.PeoplefromtheUKarecalled“British”,whichmeanstheUKisalsooftenreferredtoasBritainorGreatBritain.

The__________________ofthenameoftheUKorigin/formationThetextisorganizedinorderof______time16世紀(jì)，鄰近的威爾士加入了英格蘭王國(guó)。后來(lái)，在18世紀(jì)，蘇格蘭加入了大不列顛王國(guó)。19世紀(jì)，愛爾蘭王國(guó)被加入進(jìn)來(lái)，形成了大不列顛及愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國(guó)。最后，在20世紀(jì)，愛爾蘭南部脫離了英國(guó)，這導(dǎo)致了我們今天的全稱:大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國(guó)。大多數(shù)人只是使用簡(jiǎn)稱:“英國(guó)”或“英國(guó)”。來(lái)自英國(guó)的人被稱為“英國(guó)人”，這意味著英國(guó)也經(jīng)常被稱為不列顛或大不列顛。Para3：Whatarethesimilaritiesanddifferencesamongthesefourcountries?Similaritiesflag,

currency,militarydefenceDifferencesEducationandlegalsystems,traditions,footballteamsThefourcountriesthatbelongtotheUnitedKingdomworktogetherinsomeareas.Theyusethesameflag,knownastheUnionJack,aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefense.However,theyalsohavesomedifferences.Forexample,England,Wales,Scotland,andNorthernIrelandallhavedifferenteducationsystemsandlegalsystems.Theyalsohavetheirowntraditions,liketheirownnationaldaysandnationaldishes.AndtheyevenhavetheirownfootballteamsforcompetitionsliketheWorldCup!

Paragraph3The___________and__________betweenthefourcountriessimilaritiesdifferences屬于英國(guó)的四個(gè)國(guó)家在某些領(lǐng)域合作。他們使用相同的國(guó)旗，稱為英國(guó)國(guó)旗，以及共享相同的貨幣和軍事防御。然而，它們也有一些不同之處。例如，英格蘭、威爾士、蘇格蘭和北愛爾蘭都有不同的教育體系和法律體系。他們也有自己的傳統(tǒng)，比如自己的國(guó)慶節(jié)和國(guó)菜。他們甚至有自己的足球隊(duì)參加像世界杯這樣的比賽！1st8th11thcentury5thPara4:FourgroupsofpeopleinfluencedtheUK.Romanscame.Anglo-Saxonsarrived.Vikingscame.NormansconqueredEnglandtownsandroadslanguageandhousesvocabularyandnamesoflocationscastles,legalsystemandFrenchwordsParagraph4TheUnitedKingdomhasalongandinterestinghistorytoexplore,whichcanhelpyouunderstandmuchmoreaboutthecountryanditstraditions.AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK,youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.The_________ofthefourgroupsof________influenceinvaders英國(guó)有著悠久而有趣的歷史可以探索，這可以幫助你更多地了解這個(gè)國(guó)家及其傳統(tǒng)。在英國(guó)，無(wú)論你走到哪里，你都會(huì)被四個(gè)不同群體的證據(jù)所包圍，他們?cè)跉v史的不同時(shí)期接管了政權(quán)。Paragraph4Thefirstgroup,theRomans,cameinthefirstcentury.Someoftheirgreatachievementsincludedbuildingtownsandroads.Next,theAnglo-Saxonsarrivedinthefifthcentury.TheyintroducedthebeginningsoftheEnglishlanguage,andchangedthewaypeoplebuilthouses.TheVikingscameintheeighthcentury,leftbehindlotsofnewvocabulary,andalsothenamesofmanylocationsacrosstheUK.ThelastgroupweretheNormans.TheyconqueredEnglandafterthewell-knownBattleofHastingsinthe11thcentury.TheyhadcastlesbuiltallaroundEngland,andmadechangestothelegalsystem.TheNormanswereFrench,somanyFrenchwordsslowlyenteredintotheEnglishlanguage.

The_________ofthefourgroupsof________influenceinvaders第一個(gè)群體，羅馬人，在第一世紀(jì)來(lái)到這里。他們的一些偉大成就包括建造城鎮(zhèn)和道路。接下來(lái)，盎格魯撒克遜人在第五世紀(jì)到達(dá)。他們介紹了英語(yǔ)的起源，并改變了人們建造房屋的方式。維京人在八世紀(jì)來(lái)到這里，留下了許多新詞匯，以及英國(guó)許多地方的名稱。最后一群是諾曼人。他們?cè)?1世紀(jì)著名的黑斯廷斯戰(zhàn)役后征服了英格蘭。他們?cè)谟⒏裉m各地建造了城堡，并對(duì)法律體系進(jìn)行了改革。諾曼人是法國(guó)人，所以許多法語(yǔ)詞匯慢慢進(jìn)入了英語(yǔ)。ThereissomuchmoretolearnabouttheinterestinghistoryandcultureoftheUnitedKingdom.Studyingthehistoryofthecountrywillmakeyourvisitmuchmoreenjoyable.ThecapitalcityLondonisagreatplacetostart,asitisanancientportcitythathasahistorydatingallthewaybacktoRomantimes.Therearecountlesshistoricsitestoexplore,andlotsofmuseumswithancientrelicsfromallovertheUK.TheUKisafascinatingmixofhistoryandmodernculture,withbothnewandoldtraditions.Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen,youwillbesurprisedtofindthatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent.Paragraph5The___________ofstudyingtheBritishhistorysignificance關(guān)于英國(guó)有趣的歷史和文化，還有很多東西需要了解。研究這個(gè)國(guó)家的歷史會(huì)使你的訪問更加愉快。首都倫敦是一個(gè)很好的起點(diǎn)，因?yàn)樗且粋€(gè)古老的港口城市，其歷史可以追溯到羅馬時(shí)代。有數(shù)不清的歷史遺跡可供探索，有許多博物館收藏著來(lái)自英國(guó)各地的古代遺物。英國(guó)是歷史和現(xiàn)代文化的迷人混合體，既有新的也有舊的傳統(tǒng)。如果你睜大眼睛，你會(huì)驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)，你既能看到它的過(guò)去，也能看到它的現(xiàn)在。While-reading：Readforstructures

Readthetextagainandanswerthefollowingquestion.Thetextisorganisedaccordingtotheorderoftime.Howisthetextorganised?1st5th8th11th16th18th

19th

20thcentury16th19th

20thcentury18th

Para.2OriginReadforstructuresWaleswasjoinedtoKingdomofEnglandScotlandwasjoinedtoEnglandandWalesIrelandwasaddedthesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeaway1stRomanscame.5thAnglo-Saxonsarrived.8thVikingscame.11thNormansconqueredEnglandReadthetextagainandanswerthefollowingquestion.CompletethetimelineWhile-reading：Readforstructures

Readthetextagainandsortoutinformationaccordingtothetimeline(activity3).When?Whathappened?Whatchanged?1stcenturyRomansarrivedtownsandroads5thcenturyAnglo-Saxonscamelanguageandwayhouseswerebuilt8thcenturyVikingscamevocabularyandnamesoflocationsacrosstheUK11thcenturyNormansconqueredEnglandaftertheBattleofHastingscastlesbuilt,legalsystemchanged,andnewwordsfromFrenchintroduced16thcenturyWaleswasjoinedtoKingdomofEngland18thcenturyScotlandwasjoinedtoEnglandandwales"KingdomofGreatBritain"formed/created19thcenturyIrelandwasaddedthesouthernpartof"UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland"formed/created20thcenturyIrelandbrokeawaynamechangedto"UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland16th19th

20thcentury18th

1st5th8th11thIntroducethehistoryoftheUKaccordingtothetimeline.Post-reading：[設(shè)計(jì)意圖]借助時(shí)間軸,按照時(shí)間順序介紹英國(guó)的歷史發(fā)展進(jìn)程,為學(xué)生提供及時(shí)內(nèi)化目標(biāo)語(yǔ)言的機(jī)會(huì)。Matcheachpartofthetextwithitsmainidea.Post-reading：1.Partl(Para.1)2.Part2(Para.2)3.Part3(Para.3)4.Part4(Paras.4~5)A.Originsofthenames.B.AdvantagesofstudyingthehistoryoftheUK.C.ComparisonofthefourcountriesoftheUK.D.Introductiontothetopic.CompletetheconversationabouttheUKusingthephrasesintheircorrectforms.Post-reading：aswellasbelongtoaddtojointobreakawaykeepyoureyesopenA:IcanneverrememberwhattheUKmeans!There’sEngland,Britain,Britain!GreatB:Well,ithelpsifyourememberthattherearefourcountriesthat

theUK.That'swhyit'scalledtheUnitedKingdom.A:Fourcountries?Imusthavebeenasleepinthatpartofourhistoryclass!SothefirstcountrywasEngland,andtheotherswere

that?B:Yes,right.FirstEngland,thenWales,thenScotland.ThelastcountrywasIreland,butlatertheUnitedKingdom.thesouthernhalfdidn’twanttobetheUnitedkindom.

A:Oh,Iremembernow!ThesouthernpartfromNorthernIreland,right?B:Yes,yougotitwellremembered!But

inhistoryclassnexttime!aswellasbelongtoaddedtobrokeawayjoinedtokeepyoureyesopenDiscussthequestionsingroups.Post-reading：Whyisitimportanttostudythehistoryandcultureofacountrybeforevisitingit?Itwillhelpyouunderstandtheplacebetterandhaveamoreenjoyableexperience.Youwillbeabletointeractbetterwiththepeopleandtheircultureandhavearicherexperience.Discussthequestionsingroups.Post-reading：WhatimportantthingsshouldvisitorsknowaboutbeforetheycometoChina?VisitorstoChinashouldknowsomethingaboutthehistoryofthecountryandabouttheculturaltraditionsoftheareabeingvisited,suchasthefoodeaten,orfestivalscelebratedthere.Discussthequestionsingroups.Post-reading：Whatarethetwochiefadvantagesofstudyingthehistoryofacountry?Thetwochiefadvantagesofstudyingthehistoryofacountryaretohelpyouunderstandmoreaboutthecountryanditstraditionsandtomakeyourvisitmoreenjoyable.Writeasummaryofthetextaccordingtotheclues..Post-reading：Wales,Scotland,Ireland,breakaway,theRomans,theAnglo-Saxons,theVikings,theNormans,LondonInthe16thcentury,WalesbecamepartoftheKingdomofEngland.LaterScotlandjoined,whichcreatedtheKingdomofGreatBritain.TheadditionoftheKingdomofIrelandcreatedtheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland.ThebreakingawayofthesouthernpartofIrelandinthe20thcenturyresultedintheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland,whichmostpeoplecalltheUK,BritainorGreatBritain.IntheUK,evidenceoffourancientgroupsofpeoplescanbefound.TheRomansinthe1stcenturybuilttownsandroads.AfterwardstheAnglo-SaxonsintroducedthebeginningsoftheEnglishlanguage.ThentheVikingsbroughtnewvocabularyandthenamesofmanylocations.Lastly,theNormansinthe1lthcenturybuiltcastles,changedthelegalsystemandbroughtFrenchwordsintotheEnglishlanguage.AgoodplacetostartlearningabouttheUK'shistoryisLondon,wherepastandpresentmeet.Writeasummaryofthetextaccordingtotheclues..Summary：Wales,Scotland,Ireland,breakaway,theRomans,theAnglo-Saxons,theVikings,theNormans,LondonInthe16thcentury,WalesbecamepartoftheKingdomofEngland.LaterScotlandjoined,whichcreatedtheKingdomofGreatBritain.TheadditionoftheKingdomofIrelandcreatedtheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland.ThebreakingawayofthesouthernpartofIrelandinthe20thcenturyresultedintheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland,whichmostpeoplecalltheUK,BritainorGreatBritain.IntheUK,evidenceoffourancientgroupsofpeoplescanbefound.TheRomansinthe1stcenturybuilttownsandroads.AfterwardstheAnglo-SaxonsintroducedthebeginningsoftheEnglishlanguage.ThentheVikingsbroughtnewvocabularyandthenamesofmanylocations.Lastly,theNormansinthe1lthcenturybuiltcastles,changedthelegalsystemandbroughtFrenchwordsintotheEnglishlanguage.AgoodplacetostartlearningabouttheUK'shistoryisLondon,wherepastandpresentmeet.LanguagepointsTheUnitedKingdom,GreatBritain,Britain,England—manypeopleareconfusedbywhatthesedifferentnamesmean.(Para.1,Line2)beconfusedby/about

對(duì)……有疑問/感到困惑例句：Shewasconfusedaboutthetwosimilarmathformulas.（她對(duì)這兩個(gè)相似的數(shù)學(xué)公式感到困惑。）I'mconfusedaboutthetimeofthemeeting—didyousay3pmor4pm?（我對(duì)會(huì)議時(shí)間感到困惑，你說(shuō)是3點(diǎn)還是4點(diǎn)？）聯(lián)合王國(guó)、大不列顛、不列顛、英格蘭——這些不同的名稱是何意思，許多人感到困惑。Importantsentences(P40)知識(shí)點(diǎn)breakaway(fromsb/sth)脫離;背叛;逃脫Theprisonerbrokeawayfromhisguards.犯人掙脫了看守。Thepeopleoftheprovincewishedtobreakawayandformedanewstate.該省人民希望分離成立一個(gè)新國(guó)家。2.Finally,inthe20thcentury,thesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeaway

fromtheUK,which

resultedin

thefullnamewehavetoday:theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.(Para.2,Line7)

最后，在20世紀(jì)時(shí)，愛爾蘭南部脫離了聯(lián)合王國(guó)，形成了今天的英國(guó)全稱:大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國(guó)。Importantsentences(P40)知識(shí)拓展break的其他常用搭配:breakdown(機(jī)器、車輛)發(fā)生故障;拋錨breakinto破門而人;闖人breakout爆發(fā);突發(fā)(不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))breakin打斷;插嘴breakup粉碎;結(jié)束;解散breakthrough取得突破breakoff折斷;突然停止;中斷(談判);停頓2.Finally,inthe20thcentury,thesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeaway

fromtheUK,which

resultedin

thefullnamewehavetoday:theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.(Para.2,Line7)

Importantsentences(P40)知識(shí)點(diǎn)1aswellas...同(一樣也);和;還aswellas常用來(lái)連接兩個(gè)并列的成分,它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是前一項(xiàng)。aswellas可以用來(lái)連接主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。Thegirlislovelyaswellashealthy.這女孩既健康又漂亮。(連接兩個(gè)表語(yǔ))HecanspeakSpanishaswellasEnglish.他不但會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ),還會(huì)講西班牙語(yǔ)。(連接兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ))InChina,aswellasinCanada,theweatherchangesfromseasontoseason.加拿大的天氣和中國(guó)一樣隨季節(jié)的變化而變化。(連接兩個(gè)狀語(yǔ))3.Theyusethesameflag,knownas

theUnionJack,aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence.(Para.3,Line1)像擁有同樣的貨幣和國(guó)防一樣，他們也使用同一面國(guó)旗。Importantsentences(P40)知識(shí)點(diǎn)1aswellas...同(一樣也);和;還aswellas常用來(lái)連接兩個(gè)并列的成分,它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是前一項(xiàng)。aswellas可以用來(lái)連接主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。TheteacheraswellasthestudentsenjoyslisteningtoEnglishsongs.學(xué)生和這位老師都愛聽英語(yǔ)歌曲。(連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ))注意:aswellas這一結(jié)構(gòu)連接兩個(gè)成分作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要采用“就遠(yuǎn)”的原則,即謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要與前面一個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。3.Theyusethesameflag,knownas

theUnionJack,aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence.(Para.3,Line1)像擁有同樣的貨幣和國(guó)防一樣，他們也使用同一面國(guó)旗。Importantsentences(P40)知識(shí)拓展aswell意為"還;也",常位于句末。Hesentmealetterandsomemoneyaswell.我一封信,外加一些錢。IamgoingtoLondonandmysisterisgoingaswell.我要到倫敦去,我妹妹也要去。3.Theyusethesameflag,knownas

theUnionJack,aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence.(Para.3,Line1)像擁有同樣的貨幣和國(guó)防一樣，他們也使用同一面國(guó)旗。Importantsentences(P40)知識(shí)點(diǎn)2defencen.防御;保衛(wèi)InBritain,thedefenceofthecountryhashistoricallybeenlefttothenavy.在英國(guó),國(guó)防歷來(lái)由海軍負(fù)責(zé)。知識(shí)拓展(1)defence作名詞時(shí),還可意為"防御物;防御能力;辯護(hù);防守隊(duì)員;國(guó)防體系"。Thetownwallswerebuiltasadefenceagainstenemyattacks.城墻是為防御敵人襲擊而修建的。3.Theyusethesameflag,knownas

theUnionJack,aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence.(Para.3,Line1)像擁有同樣的貨幣和國(guó)防一樣，他們也使用同一面國(guó)旗。Importantsentences(P40)知識(shí)點(diǎn)2(2)defence作名詞時(shí)的常見用法:insb'sdefence為某人辯護(hù)indefenceof保護(hù)......;為......辯護(hù)Ihavetosayinherdefencethatsheknewnothingaboutitbeforehand.我得為她說(shuō)句話,她事先并不知道此事。Whatpointscanberaisedindefenceofthisargument?能提出什么論點(diǎn)來(lái)為這個(gè)說(shuō)法辯護(hù)呢?3.Theyusethesameflag,knownas

theUnionJack,aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence.(Para.3,Line1)像擁有同樣的貨幣和國(guó)防一樣，他們也使用同一面國(guó)旗。Importantsentences(P40)知識(shí)點(diǎn)2(3)defence對(duì)應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞形式及常見用法:defendv.防御;保衛(wèi);保護(hù);辯解;辯護(hù)defend...from/against...保護(hù)......以免.