Unit22.Translatethefollowingphrasesandexpressions:(1)thetimerateofchangeofcharge電荷相對(duì)時(shí)間的變化率(2)potentialdifference電位差(3)electromotiveforce電動(dòng)勢(shì)(4)one-thousandthofanampere千分之一安培（毫安）(5)freeelectrons自由電子3．BACBACAACA4.FFTFT5.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish:(1)電阻器的大小稱為電阻，用字母符號(hào)R表示。ThevalueofresistoriscalledresistanceandisrepresentedbythelettersymbolR.(2)電動(dòng)勢(shì)可對(duì)電荷作功。Electromotiveforcecandoworkoncharges.(3)歐姆定律用于表示電流，電壓與電阻之間的關(guān)系?！癘hm’sLaw”pertainstotherelationshipbetweencurrent,voltageandresistance.(4)電荷的移動(dòng)形成電流。Themotionofchargesconstitutesanelectriccurrent.Unit42.Translatethefollowingphrasesandexpressions.(1)thetransistorvoltageamplifiers晶體管電壓放大器(2)audioandvideosignals音頻和視頻信號(hào)(3)anamplitudecutoffisdesired要求振幅削波(4)thebasecurrentiBcancontrolthecollectorcurrentiC基極電流iB可以控制集電極電流iC(5)threefundamentalconfigurations三種基本組態(tài)(6)thevoltagegainAu＞0電壓增益Au＞0(7)thehighfrequencyandwidebandcircuits高頻及寬帶電路(8)beconvertedtosoundinaloudspeaker轉(zhuǎn)換成揚(yáng)聲器中的聲音(9)amplifyallfrequenciesequallyandwithlowdistortion幾乎不失真的放大所有頻率的信號(hào)3.CBABCA4.FFFTF5.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.(1)線性放大器能幾乎不失真的放大輸入信號(hào)，其輸出與輸入成正比。Alinearamplifiercanamplifyinputsignalwithlittleornodistortion,sothattheoutputisproportionaltotheinput.(2)因?yàn)楣布M態(tài)電路的電壓增益略小于1，故又稱之為電壓跟隨器。Thevoltagegainofthecommon-collectorisslightlylessthanone,soitiscalledvoltagefollower.(3)三極管的基極電流iB可控制集電極電流iC,用公式iC=βiB表示。Forabipolarjunctiontransistor,thebasecurrentiBcancontrolthecollectorcurrentiC,representedbytheformulaiC=βiB.(4)射頻放大器用于處理頻率范圍在100千赫到1吉赫的信號(hào)。Radiofrequencyamplifiersareusedtodealwiththesignalsthattheirfrequenciesgenerallyrangefrom100KHzto1GHz.Unit62.Translatethefollowingphrasesandexpressions.(1)twodifferentvoltagelevels兩種不同的電平(2)theclosed–switchstatecanberepresentedby1開關(guān)閉合狀態(tài)可以用1表示(3)beachievedbyusingvoltagepulses通過使用電壓脈沖來實(shí)現(xiàn)(4)solid-statetransducers固態(tài)變頻器(5)thecomplementarymetaloxidesemiconductorlogic(CMOS)互補(bǔ)型金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體邏輯(6)alargescaledigitalsystem大規(guī)模數(shù)字系統(tǒng)(7)觸發(fā)器flip-flop(8)數(shù)字邏輯電路digitallogiccircuit3.CCABB4.TFFF5.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.(1)在邏輯電路中數(shù)字“0”和“1”代表著兩種不同電壓的信號(hào)。Inlogiccircuit,thedigit“0”and“1”representsignalswithtwodifferentvoltage.(2)在二進(jìn)制系統(tǒng)中110表示十進(jìn)制的6。Inthebinarysystem,thenumber110canberepresentedby6indecimal.(3)數(shù)字邏輯門分成三種類型：與門，或門，非門。Thedigitallogicgatesaredividedintothreetypes:AND,ORandNOTgate.(4)任何復(fù)雜的邏輯電路均由基本邏輯門組成的。Anycomplicatedlogiccircuitsconsistofthefundamentallogicgates.Unit82.Translatethefollowingphrasesandexpressions:(1)通用自動(dòng)計(jì)算機(jī)UNIVAC(universalautomaticcomputer)(2)very-large-scaleintegratedcircuit超大規(guī)模集成電路(3)thecombinationofhardwareandbasicsoftware硬件與基本軟件的結(jié)合(4)makesthedetailsofthehardwarearchitectureinvisibletotheuser使用戶不必關(guān)注硬件結(jié)構(gòu)的細(xì)節(jié)(5)tobeclassifiedeitheras“external”or“internal”被分為“外部的”和“內(nèi)部的”(6)translatessourcecodeintoobjectcode將源代碼轉(zhuǎn)換成目標(biāo)代碼3(1)b(2)c(3)d(4)a(5)e4.FTFFT6.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish:(1)在關(guān)閉電腦電源之前，必須確定所需的數(shù)據(jù)已經(jīng)保存好。Besurethatthenecessarydatahasbeenkeptbeforeyoucutoffthesourceofthecomputer.(2)輸入輸出端口都允許處理器與外部相互作用。Theinputandoutputterminalsallallowtheprocessortointeractwithoutsideworld.(3)通過提供給計(jì)算機(jī)一個(gè)或多個(gè)輸入，可將程序分解。Theprogramsmaybedisintegratedbyprovidingoneormoreinputstothecomputer.(4)CPU按邏輯順序來讀取來自存儲(chǔ)器中的每條指令。CPUreadseachinstructionfromthememoryinlogicorder.Unit162.Translatethefollowingphrasesandexpressions:(1)數(shù)字信號(hào)處理DSP(DigitalSignalProcessing)(2)anelectricalsignalcarriedbyawireoraradiowave由電線或無線電波承載的電信號(hào)(3)aremote-sensingsatellite遙感衛(wèi)星(4)beconvertedintodigitalformbeforeDSPtechniquescanbeapplied在應(yīng)用DSP技術(shù)之前轉(zhuǎn)換成數(shù)字形式(5)模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換器ADC(Analog-to-DigitalConverter)(6)electricalinterference電磁干擾(7)removeoratleastreducetheunwantedpartofthesignal去除或最大限度減弱不需要的信號(hào)(8)harddiscdrivecontrollersandmodems硬盤驅(qū)動(dòng)器以及調(diào)制解調(diào)器3.ACBDBA4.FTFTT5.(1)c(2)e(3)a(4)b(5)d6.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish:(1)數(shù)字信號(hào)處理器能夠一邊采樣，一邊處理實(shí)時(shí)信號(hào)。Thedigitalsignalprocessorcanprocesstherealtimesignalswhileitissampled.(2)數(shù)字信號(hào)通常由一系列的二進(jìn)制形式的數(shù)字組成。Thedigitalsignalgenerallyconsistsofastreamofnumbersinthebinaryform.(3)現(xiàn)在，為了提高信號(hào)的品質(zhì)而進(jìn)行的信號(hào)濾波更多地采用數(shù)字信號(hào)處理技術(shù)來實(shí)現(xiàn)。Nowadays,thefilteringofsignalstoimprovesignalqualityisdonebyDSPtechniques.(4)有了數(shù)字信號(hào)壓縮技術(shù)，人們可以通過一根普通的電話線傳輸聲音和圖像信號(hào)。Audioandvideosignalscanbetransmittedbyaconventionaltelephonelinewithdigitalsignalcompressiontechnology.Unit172.Translatethefollowingphrasesandexpressions:(1)超外差式無線接收機(jī)superheterodyneradioreceiver(2)todemodulatetheincomingmodulatedsignal解調(diào)輸入的已調(diào)波信號(hào)(3)載波調(diào)諧carrier-frequencytuning(4)separatethedesiredsignalfromothermodulatedsignals將需要的信號(hào)與其他已調(diào)信號(hào)分離(5)tocompensateforthelossofsignalpower補(bǔ)償信號(hào)的功率損耗(6)構(gòu)造可調(diào)諧的、具有高選擇性的可變?yōu)V波器buildatunablehighlyselectiveandvariablefilter(7)包絡(luò)檢波器anenvelopedetector(8)betunedtothecarrierfrequencyoftheincomingwave調(diào)諧到輸入信號(hào)載頻上(9)還原基帶信號(hào)torecoverthebasebandsignal3.CBABC4.FFTFT5.(1)d(2)e(3)a(4)c(5)b6.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish:(1)無線電接收機(jī)能完成載波調(diào)諧、濾波及放大的功能。Theradioreceivercanfulfillthefunctionssuchascarrier-frequencytuning,filteringandamplification.(2)超外差接收機(jī)由射頻部分、混頻器和本地振蕩器、中頻部分、解調(diào)器和功率放大器組成。ThesuperhetreceiverconsistsofaRFsection,amixerandlocaloscillator,anIFsection,demodulatorandpoweramplifier.(3)頻譜搬移不會(huì)破壞載波與邊帶的關(guān)系。Thefrequencyspectrumtranslationcanbeachievedwithoutdisturbingtherelationshipofthesidebandstothecarrier.Unit182.Translatethefollowingphrasesandexpressions:(1)無線通信系統(tǒng)radiocommunicationsystem(2)theconveyingortransmissionofinformationfromonepointtoanother從一地到另