2026年生物信息學(xué)專業(yè)英語術(shù)語試題含答案一、選擇題（共10題，每題2分，合計(jì)20分）說明：以下每題提供四個選項(xiàng)，請選擇最符合題意的答案。1.Whatdoes"geneexpressionprofiling"refertoinbioinformatics?A.TheprocessofDNAreplicationB.TheanalysisofmRNAsequencestostudygeneactivityC.ThemodificationofhistoneproteinsD.ThesynthesisofproteinsfromDNAtemplates2.Whichalgorithmiscommonlyusedforsequencealignmentinbioinformatics?A.DecisiontreelearningB.HiddenMarkovModel(HMM)C.PrincipalComponentAnalysis(PCA)D.K-meansclustering3.Whatis"RNA-Seq"inthecontextofbioinformatics?A.AmethodtoquantifymRNAabundanceB.AtechniqueforDNAmethylationanalysisC.AtoolforproteinstructurepredictionD.Amethodforchromatinimmunoprecipitation4.Whichofthefollowingisakeyterminphylogenetics?A.BayesianinferenceB.RandomforestC.EvolutionarytreeconstructionD.Gradientboosting5.Whatdoes"bioinformaticsdatabase"typicallyinclude?A.ClimatechangedataB.GenomicandproteomicinformationC.FinancialmarkettrendsD.Astronomicalobservations6.Whichtooliswidelyusedforvariantcallinginnext-generationsequencing?A.SPSSB.GATK(GenomeAnalysisToolkit)C.TensorFlowD.MATLAB7.Whatis"transcriptomics"inbioinformatics?A.ThestudyofproteininteractionsB.TheanalysisofRNAtranscriptsC.ThemappingofgenomicregionsD.Thepredictionofmetabolicpathways8.Whichdatabasestoresproteinstructureinformation?A.PubMedB.NCBIGenBankC.PDB(ProteinDataBank)D.Scopus9.Whatdoes"machinelearninginbioinformatics"involve?A.AnalyzingsocialmediatrendsB.PredictingdiseaseoutbreaksC.DevelopingcomputationalmodelsforbiologicaldataD.Designingdrugmolecules10.Whichtermreferstotheprocessofidentifyinggeneticvariations?A.GenotypingB.PhenotypingC.EpigeneticsD.Metabolomics二、填空題（共5題，每題2分，合計(jì)10分）說明：請根據(jù)題意填寫合適的英文術(shù)語。1.Thestudyofgeneticvariationwithinpopulationsiscalled_________.2.AtoolusedforaligningDNAorRNAsequencesiscalleda_________.3.TheprocessofconvertingDNAsequencesintonumericaldataistermed_________.4.Adatabasethatstoresgenomicsequencesisreferredtoasa_________.5.Theanalysisofproteinstructurestoinferfunctionisknownas_________.三、判斷題（共10題，每題1分，合計(jì)10分）說明：請判斷以下陳述是否正確，正確填“T”，錯誤填“F”。1.T/FBLAST(BasicLocalAlignmentSearchTool)isusedtocompareproteinsequences.2.T/FRNA-SeqprovidesquantitativeinformationaboutmRNAexpressionlevels.3.T/FK-meansclusteringisacommonmethodforhierarchicalclustering.4.T/FGenBankisapublicrepositoryfornucleotidesequences.5.T/FPhylogenetictreesshowevolutionaryrelationshipsbetweenspecies.6.T/FVariantcallingisaprocessinDNAsequencing.7.T/FBioinformaticsdatabasesareprimarilyusedforfinancialdata.8.T/FMachinelearninghelpsinpredictingdrugtargets.9.T/FPDBstoresgenomicsequences.10.T/FTranscriptomicsstudiesDNAreplicationmechanisms.四、簡答題（共5題，每題4分，合計(jì)20分）說明：請簡要解釋以下術(shù)語的含義。1.Whatis"next-generationsequencing(NGS)?"2.Explain"geneannotation"inbioinformatics.3.Whatdoes"proteomics"involve?4.Describe"variantannotation"ingenomicanalysis.5.Whatis"computationalbiology"andhowdoesitrelatetobioinformatics?五、翻譯題（共5題，每題4分，合計(jì)20分）說明：請將以下英文術(shù)語翻譯成中文。1.Long-readsequencing2.Structuralbioinformatics3.Machinelearningforbiologicaldata4.Epigeneticmodification5.Metagenomics六、論述題（共2題，每題10分，合計(jì)20分）說明：請結(jié)合實(shí)際應(yīng)用，闡述以下問題。1.Discusstheroleofdatabasesinmodernbioinformaticsresearch.2.Explainhowmachinelearningisappliedinprecisionmedicine.答案與解析一、選擇題答案1.B2.B3.A4.C5.B6.B7.B8.C9.C10.A解析：1.GeneexpressionprofilingstudiesmRNAlevelstounderstandgeneactivity,notDNAreplication(A),histonemodification(C),orproteinsynthesis(D).2.BLASTisasequencealignmenttool(B),whilePCA(C)andK-means(D)arefordataclustering;decisiontrees(A)areforclassification.3.RNA-SeqquantifiesmRNAabundance(A),notDNAmethylation(B),proteinstructure(C),orchromatinimmunoprecipitation(D).4.Phylogeneticsinvolvesevolutionarytreeconstruction(C),notBayesianinference(A),randomforests(B),orgradientboosting(D).5.Bioinformaticsdatabasesstorebiologicaldata(B),notclimate(A),financial(C),orastronomical(D)data.6.GATKisusedforvariantcalling(B),whileSPSS(A),TensorFlow(C),andMATLAB(D)aregeneral-purposetools.7.TranscriptomicsstudiesRNAtranscripts(B),notproteininteractions(A),genomicmapping(C),ormetabolicpathways(D).8.PDBstoresproteinstructures(C),whilePubMed(A),GenBank(B),andScopus(D)areliteraturedatabases.9.Machinelearninginbioinformaticsdevelopscomputationalmodelsforbiologicaldata(C),notsocialmedia(A),diseaseprediction(B),ordrugdesign(D).10.Genotypingidentifiesgeneticvariations(A),whilephenotyping(B),epigenetics(C),andmetabolomics(D)areotherbiologicalconcepts.二、填空題答案1.Populationgenetics2.Sequencealignmenttool3.Featureextraction4.Genomicdatabase5.Proteinstructuralbioinformatics解析：1.Populationgeneticsstudiesgeneticvariationwithinpopulations.2.Sequencealignmenttools(e.g.,BLAST)comparebiologicalsequences.3.Featureextractionconvertsrawdataintonumericalformatsforanalysis.4.Genomicdatabases(e.g.,GenBank)storenucleotidesequences.5.Proteinstructuralbioinformaticsanalyzes3Dstructurestoinferfunction.三、判斷題答案1.F(BLASTalignsnucleotide/proteinsequences,notonlyproteins.)2.T3.F(K-meansisiterativeclustering;hierarchicalclusteringusestrees.)4.T5.T6.T7.F(Bioinformaticsdatabasesstorebiological,notfinancial,data.)8.T9.F(PDBstoresproteinstructures,notgenomes.)10.F(TranscriptomicsstudiesRNA,notDNAreplication.)四、簡答題答案1.Next-generationsequencing(NGS):Ahigh-throughputsequencingtechnologythatgeneratesmillionsofshortreadsrapidly,enablinglarge-scalegenomicstudies.2.Geneannotation:Theprocessofidentifyingthelocationandfunctionofgenesinagenome,oftenusingcomputationaltools.3.Proteomics:Thelarge-scalestudyofproteins,includingtheirstructure,function,andinteractions,oftenusingmassspectrometry.4.Variantannotation:Theprocessofinterpretinggeneticvariants(e.g.,SNPs)todeterminetheirbiologicalimpact(e.g.,diseaseassociation).5.Computationalbiology:Theapplicationofcomputationaltoolstoanalyzebiologicaldata,closelyr