海淀區(qū)2025—2026學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期末練習(xí)

高三英語2026.01

本試卷共8頁，100分?？荚嚂r(shí)長(zhǎng)90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題紙上，在試卷上作答無

效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題紙一并交回。

第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30分)

第一節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在

答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

Everyonelovesgivingadvice,alwaysreadytosharetheirwisdom—butnoteverypieceof

adviceactuallyhelps.TheworstI'veeverbeenofferedis“justbeyourself."

IthappenedonthemorningofmyEnglishpresentationonOfMiceandMen.Iwasnervous,

but1Ihadpractisedforhoursandpristedmynotecards.ButjustminutesbeforeIbegan,my

friendSamleanedoverandsaid,"Don'tstress.Justbeyourself."

"Bemyself?”Mynervesinstantlywentonedge."Which2?Theawkward,overthinking

onethatmakesweirdjokesunderpressure,ortheonethatrepeatedlysays'thankyou'nomatter

what?”Therewasnotimetonegotiatewithmy3personalities.Mynamewascalled.Istood

up,tookadeepbreath,anddecidedto4Sam'sadvice.

5I'd“speakfromtheheart,"Iabandonedthenotecards.Badmove.

Thefirstsentencecameoutfine,butthesecondinvolved6thekeyword“symbolism”.By

thethird,Iquotedamottothatdidn'tevenexist."Justbeyourself,"Ithought,asInoticedthe7

onthefacesofaudience.

BythetimeIsatdown,Ihadsweatedthroughmyshirt,forgottenhalfmypoints,butgaineda

new8fornotecards,scriptandstructure.

Ilearnedthat"beyourself"is9goodadvicewhenyour"self"iscalm,prepared,and

maybehasasolidoutline.Inhigh-pressuremoments,it'sbettertobeyourbestself:theversionthat

practices,plansahead,andknowswhentosticktothescript.Now,whensomeonetellsmeto“just

beyourself,"Ismile,thankthem,and10mynotecards.

1.ApreparedB.pleasedC.encouragedD.enlightened

2.A.stageB.levelC.versionD.class

3.A.flexibleB.multipleCcharmingD.strong

4.A.takeB.confirmC.seekD.ignore

5.A.PretendingB.AdmittingC.FiguringDRecalling

6.A.definingB.discussingC.highlightingD.forgetting

7.A.concernB.confusionC.contentmentD.curiosity

8.A.requirementB.replacementCapplicationD.appreciation

9.AonlyB.alwaysC.evenD.still

10.A.setasideB.pulloutC.takeawayD.bringback

高三年級(jí)(英語)第1頁(共8頁)

第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出

提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}紙指定區(qū)域作答。

A

Second-handproductshavebecomepopularinrccentycars.Manyshoppcrshavenoticcda

riseinsecond-handstores,whichofferanincreasinglydiverscrangcofproducts.drives

youngpeopletovisitthesestorestodayissimple.Priceremainsthcprimaryconsidcrationfor

manyconsumers.Peoplecanfindwell-maintainedproductsatrelatively12(affordrmices.

Environmentalconsciousnessalsoinfluencesyoungconsumers'purchasingdecisions.Somebuyers

saybesidessavingmoney,purchasingpre-ownedgoodsalso3(prevent)resourcewaste.

B

IntheearlywinterofsouthernHubei,morethanadozenBeltandRoadmediarepresentatives

fromdifferentcountriesarrivedinChibi—anancientcity14_heritageincludesboththe

battlefieldmemoriesoftheThreeKingdomsandtheenduringlegacyoftea.Followingthehistoric

tracksoftheTeaRoad,theyexploredthethousand-year-oldrelics152:preserve)fromthe

ThreeKingdomsbattlefield.Throughimmersiveexperiences,theyuncoveredthetimelessstoriesof

QingzhuanTea,(learn)howChinese-stylemodernizationencouragesculturalexchangeand

mutualunderstandingamongpeople.

C

Logicisthestudyofwhatcountsasagoodreasonforwhat,andwhy.Itisoneofthemost

ancientintellectualdisciplines.Theonly17(old)disciplinesarephilosophyandmathematics,

withwhichithasalwaysbeenintimatelyconnected.It18(revolutionize)aroundtheturnof

20thcentu:ybytheapplicationofnewmathematicaltechniques.Mostrecently,overthelastfifty

years,logic19(find)newandimportantrolesincomputationandinformationprocessing.Itis

thusasubjectthatiscentral20humanthoughtanddevelopment.

第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)

第一節(jié)(共14小題；每小題2分，共28分)

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該

項(xiàng)涂黑。

A

GearupforBiketoSchoolDay2026—ameaningfulinitiativethatbringsfamiliestogether

toreimaginethedailycommuteasawaytoconnect,stayhealthy,andcarefortheenvironment.

Whetheryou'reanexperiencedcyclistornewtotwo-wheeledtravel,thisannualeventgoes

beyondfun:it'sapurposefulefforttoaddjoyandresponsibilitytokids'routines,whilebuildinga

commitmenttoplanetaryhealth.

WhatIsBiketoSchoolDay?

BiketoSchoolDayisanationwidemovementthatencouragesschools,families,and

communitiestoprioritizeactive,non-motorizedtravelforkids.Fromcitiestosmalltowns,

participatingschoolsworktowardnurturingphysicalhealthinchildrenwhileeasingtrafficjams

高三年級(jí)(英語)第2頁(共8頁)

andcuttingdownonpollutionfromschool-runcars.Beyondfreshairandexcrcisc,thiscventhclps

peopleadoptamoremindfulapproachtodailytravel,lettingparticipantsplayaroleinaculture

focusedonsustainabilityandpublichealth.

KeyDetailsfortheDay

When:February7—followingregularschoolscheduleswhilcofferingarcfreshingbrcakfrom

routine.

Where:Yourlocalschool;manygroupridesareorganizedfromsetmcctingpoints—check

withyourschoolorrideleaderforspecifics.

Whattobring:Awell-keptbike,aproperlyfittedhelmet(requiredforsafety),alock,and

snacksorwatertostayenergized.

T-shirts:AllregisteredattendeesgetanexclusivebrandedT-shirt—notjustakcepsakc,buta

visiblesignofyourcommitmenttoredefiningtheschoolcommuteasacommunityexpcricncc.

HowandWhy

Gettinginvolvedisstraightforward:fillouttheonlineformtoregisterasaparticipant.Andyou

willgetachancetowinabikeifyoupostyourBiketoSchoolDayjourneyonsocialmediatoshare

yourexperiencewithawidercommunity.

It'stimetocutbackoncartripsandembracebikingasawaytofosterlong-termhealthyhabits,

reduceenvironmentalimpact,andbuildasharedsenseofadventure.

21.WhatcanwelearnabouttheBiketoSchoolDay?

A.Itislaunchedbylocalschools.

B.Participantsneedtoregisteringroups.

C.Participantshavetobeexperiencedcyclists.

D.Itinvolvesschools,familiesandcommunities.

22.Whatshouldparticipantsdoinadvance?

A.Filloutapaperapplication.R.Prepareabikeandahelmet.

C.Sharetheeventnoticeonline.D.Askforleavefromtheschool.

23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A!Toproposeanationwideinitiative.B.Tohighlightthebenefitsofcycling.

C.Toraiseawarenessoftravellinggreen.D.Toencourageparticipationinanevent.

B

PapaandIbondedovergamesofanystyle.OneoftheitemsthatPapaconsideredworthywasa

checkered,8x8gridofwood.ThisboardfosteredallofourSaturdaychessgames.

"Check!”Iboasted."Ohdear.…"Papasaid,studyingtheboard.Heslidhisknightinfrontof

hisking,protectingitfromdanger."Checkmate,"hesmirked(得意地笑).Itwasover.Hehadwon.

Followingthegame,Iawaitedourritualdiscussion.Potsandpansclangedaroundus,buthewas

focusedonhowIcouldimprove.

Papaneverwenteasyonmeinchessgames.Heprovidedmewiththetoolstowinonmyown.

Myskillswereimproving,buthisseemedtodotheopposite.Throughoutmanyyearsofgames,I

hadanoccasionalwin,usuallymeaninghewasn'tfeelingwell.Inhislastyearsoflife,thePapa1

knewwasslowlyandpainfullystolenfrommebyAlzheimer's.Ashisoncekeenmindstartedtofog,

高三年級(jí)(英語)第3頁(共8頁)

ourrelationshipbegantochangeandadapt.Ourgamestransitioncdfromchesstocheckcrs(國(guó)際跳楔)

TheSaturdaysrolledbyroutinely,untilonesnowymorninginJanuary.Asthegameprogressed,

Papamovedapiece,notsecingthatitopenedupadoublejumpforme.Jump.Jump.Ihadtakentwo

ofhispieces.Jump.Anotherpiecewastaken.Mystackofpiecespiledup.However,amomcntthat

wassupposedtobringmepridewascausingmystomachtotwistandturh:

Somethingseemedoff.IhadrarelygottentothepointinagameagainstmybrilliantPapa

whereIhadthepotentialtowin.Hiseyeswerestillconcentratedontheboard,attemptingtothink

throughhisnextmove.Heputhishandonanotherpiece,shiftingitandopeningupatriplejumpfor

me.Ishelettingmewin?Thiscan'tberight.Ikeptsettingupmoves,allinhopesofhisclevermind,

foggedwithdisease,acknowledgingthem.Desperatetoseethesignaturesmirk,justonemoretime,

Icontinuedtotry.Hecouldn'tdoit,buthesmiled,bringingabittersweetendtoourfinalgame.

AlthoughAlzheimer'sstolemyPapa'sintellectualmind,itwasnotcapableofthievingusofthe

beautifulmomentswehad.Endinginadraw,webothwonthefinalgame.

24.WhatisPapa'steachingprinciple?

A.Encouragediscovery;don'tdelivervictory.

B.Acquiredskilloutshinesnaturaltalent.

C.Embracefailure;don'tshelterfromit.

D.Learningrequiresstrictdiscipline.

25.Whatcausedtheauthor'sstomachtotwistandtum!

A.Hedislikedplayingcheckers.B.HefeltguiltyfordefeatingPapa.

C.Hefearedlosinghiswinninglead.DHenoticedPapa'sdeclineinhealth.

26.Whatwastheauthormostlikelythinkingtohimselfwhenthelastgameended?

A."IcanfinallybeatPapanow!"B."IshouldhavelosttoPapa."

C."HowIwishPapahadwon!"D."Papahasletmewinagain."

27.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Truelovelaststhroughchanges.B.Wisdomispassedonbeyondwords.

C.Nobodycomesoutontopinadraw.D.Nothingconnectslikesharedpassion.

C

Ratsgivengutmicrobiome(腸道微生物)transplantsfromenergeticyoungchildrenseem

keenertoexploretheirenvironment."Itsuggestsourmicrobesareactiveparticipantsinemotional

development,notjustpassivepassengers,"saysHarrnetSchellekensatUniversityCollegeCorkin

Ireland,whowasn'tinvolvedinthestudy.

Agrowingbodyofresearchhaslinkedthecommunitiesofmicrobesthatresideinourgutsto

ourhealth,emotionsandmoods.Forexample,peoplewholackcertaintypesofgutbacteriaseemto

faceahigherriskofdepressionoranxiety.

Itisn'tentirelyclearifthemicrobescausethesechangesorifthemicrobialcommunityalters

asaresultofbehaviour,buttherearesomesignsthatalteringthemake-upofthemicrobiomecan

influencemood.Forexample,faecal(排泄物)transplantsfrompeoplewithdepressiontoratsseem

tocausedepressivebehaviourintherats,andpeoplewithdepressiontreatedwithfaecaltransplants

haveseentheirsymptomsimproveinpreliminarytrials.

高三年級(jí)(英語)第4頁(共8頁)

Toshedmorelightonhowthegutmicrobiomemaybelinkedtotemperament(性情),Anna

AatsinkiattheUniversityofTurkuinFinlandandhercolleaguestransplantedfaecesfromtoddlers

toyoungrats.First,theyevaluatedthepersonalitiesof272.5-ycar-oldtoddlersusingastandard

temperamentassessmentandanexerciseinwhichchildrenwereinvitedtoplaywithabubblegun.

Basedontheseassessments,theresearchersjudged10ofthetoddlersasexuberant(充滿活力的),

andeightasinhibitedandintroverted.Fromthesegroups,theyselectedfourexuberantandfour

inhibitedtoddlers—halfboys,halfgirls—andcollectedsamplesoftheirfaeces.Faecalsamples

withaddedglycerolorcontrolsamplesofglycerolweretransferredto53ratsaged22or23daysold,

whichhadalreadyhadtheirbowelscleansed.

Aatsinkiandhercolleaguesthenputtheratsthroughaseriesofbehaviouraltestsindifferent

situations.Theyfoundthatratswithmicrobiomesfromtoddlerswithhighexuberancetraitsshowed

moreexploratorybebaviourthanratswithacontroltransplantorthosereceivingfaecesfrom

inhibitedtoddlers.

Toexplorehowgutmicrobesmightinfluencethebrain,theyalsoanalysedbraintissue,looking

forchangesingeneactivity.Thisshowedthatratsgiventransplantsfrominhibitedtoddlershad

lessactivityinneuronsthatproducedopamine,abrainchemicallinkedtorewardforrisk-taking

behaviour.“Thisstudybeautifullyshowshowthegutmicrobiomeinearlylifemayhelpshape

behaviouraltendencies,"saysSchellekens.

Theinfluenceshouldn'tbeoverstatedthough,saysAatsinki.“Overall,adults'temperament

traitsarerelativelystronglycorrelatedwithgenetics,butenvironmentalfactors,potentiallyincluding

themicrobiome,couldinfluencethevarianceofsomebehaviours.

28.WhatcanweknowaboutthedesignofAatsinki'sresearch?

A.Behaviorsofthreegroupsofratswerecompared.

B.Theratsunderwentatemperamentassessment.

CItinvolvedcross-speciesorgantransplant.

D.Thetoddlersweregroupedbygender.

29.WhatcanwelearnfromAatsinki'sresearch?

A.Itisthefirstresearchtohavelinkedgutmicrobeswithemotions.

B.Introvertedkids'gutmicrobesreducerats'adventurousness.

CFaecaltreatmentseasepatients'depressivesymptoms.

D.Ourpersonalitiesarestronglylinkedtoourdiet.

30.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.RatStudyRevealsPersahalitySecret

B.RatTestsUncoverBehaviouralDifference

C.GutMicrobiomesMayInfluenceOurPersonality

D.GutMicrobiomeTransplantMightCureDepression

D

TheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope(JWST)spendsalotofitstimestaringatnothing.Theshots

ofdeepspacethisproducesareremarkablybeautiful,transforminganapparentlyemptyskyintoa

fielddottedwiththousandsofdistantgalaxies.

Thefirstsurveysoftheearlyuniversehavesurprisedastronomers,asthegalaxiesseembrighter

高三年級(jí)(英語)第5頁(共8頁)

thanexpected,withmorestarformationandlargerblackholes.Yetmaybeweshouldn'thavebeen

toostartledtofindtheuniversesurprisingus:ithasbeendoingsosincewefirstpeeredintothe

cosmicdarkness.

ThemostfamousimageoftheearlyuniverseistheHubbleDeepFieldcapturedin1995.Yet

thisshotwasalmostnevertaken.TimeontheHubbleSpaceTelescopeispreciousandastronomers

spendmonthspreparingproposalstotrytogetaccess.Theprocessisabitodd—oftenrequiring

researcherstoarguesimultaneouslythattheproposedobservationswouldtransformastronomy,but

alsothatweknowexactlywhattheywillshow.

Therearenormallysevenoreighttimesasmanyproposalsascanbeaccepted,sorisky

observationshavetroublegettingthrough.Backinthe1990s,manyrenownedastronomersargued

thatdirectingHubbleatdeepspacewaspointless,bettingthatthespacetelescopewouldn'tfinda

singlenewgalaxyTheyassumedthatthegalaxiesweseearoundustodayarerepresentativeofthose

throughoutthepast14billionyearsorso,apessimisticoutlookwenowknowisbadlywrong.

Findingtheearlyuniverselitupwithfireworkdisplaysofstarformationwasafortuitous

discoverytButonceyoustartlooking,youwillfindthatastronomicalhistoryisfilledwith

discoveriesmadebyaccident,orwhilescientistswerelookingforsomethingelseentirely.Theteam

behindNASA'sCassiniprobewasfocusedonitsmissiontoexploreSaturn'sfamousringsand

itsmysteriousmoonTitanwhenanunexpectedencounterwiththetinymoonEnceladusrevealed

fountainsofwatercomingfromitssouthpole.Itisnowperhapsthemostlikelyplaceforustofind

lifebeyondEarth.

Thesediscoveriesareallalongwayfromhowscienceistaught,wherecarefulexperimentand

testingofhypothesesleadtoprogress.Surpriseisfun,somaybeweshouldembraceserendipitya

littlemore.Someastronomersinvolvedinreviewingthisyear'sJWSTobservationshavesuggested

itwouldbefairer,andeasier,toallocatetimeonthetelescopebylottery,acknowledgingthatwithso

manygoodideasfloatingaround,wecan'tpossiblychoosebetweenthem.Butwhetheritisstaring

intodeepspaceorexploringthesolarsystem,experiencehastaughtusthatpreparingtobesurprised

bytheuniverseisthebestwaytomakenewdiscoveries.

31.WhatcanbeinferredaboutJWST?

A.Itfunctionsfromtimetotime.

B.Itrenewsourknowledgeofdeepspace.

C.ItsurprisespeoplemorethanHubbledoes.

DItconfirmspreviousassumptionsoftheuniverse.

32.WhatdoesthewriterthinkoftheHubbleSpaceTelescope'sproposalprocess?

A.Itfailstoleavemuchroomforflexibility.

B.Itfavorsproposalsbyrenownedscientists.

C.Itleadstopessimisticviewsoftheuniverse.

D.Itensuresthemostpromisingideasgetthrough.

33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fortuitous”inParagraph5probablymean?

AGroundbreaking.B.Effortless.C.Chance.D.Plain.

高三年級(jí)(英語)第6頁(共8頁)

34.Whatdoestheauthormainlydointhispassage?

A.Introducespacehistory.B.Examineadiscovery.

C.Balanceopposingviews.D.Encourageamindset.

第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，共10分)

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)

涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Wearefacedwithincreasingpressuretomakesensibledecisionsabouteveryaspectofour

lives—fromchoosingthehealthiestbreakfastoptiontofindingaschooloruniversitytoattend.

Makethecorrectchoiceandyoucangiveyourselfapatontheback.35

Psychologistshavefoundthatpeople'sapproachestodecision-makingtendtofitintooneof

twocategories.Youareeitheramaximiser—apersonwhostrivestomakeachoicethatwillgive

themthemaximumbenefitlateron—orasatisficer,whosechoicesaredeterminedbymoremodest

criteriaandnothingmore.

Giventhatmaximiserstaskthemselveswithmakingthemostinformed,intelligentdecisions,

wemightexpectthattheoutcomeoftheirapproachwouldbesuperior.Thisassumption,however,

hasbeencontradictedbynumerousstudies.Studieshavefoundthatmaximisersareoftenless

effectiveinadecision-makingenvironment.Theytendtoexhaustalloptionsinsearchoftheperfect

choice.36Settingunachievablegoalsmayitselfgetinthewayofmakinggooddecisions.

37Theabundanceofalternativescanoverwhelmeventhemostdiligentdecision-makers.

InTheParadoxofChoice,U.S.psychologistBarrySchwartzlookedattheproliferation(激增)of

choicesthatareavailabletousinoureverydaylives.Hefoundthatanincreasedrangeofoptions

doesnotnecessarilvleadtohighersatisfactionwiththeoutcomeofadecision.38

Maximiserstendtoexperienceasenseof"buyer'sregret"followingadecision,doubting

whetheritwascorrect,andimagininghowlifewouldhavebeenhadtheychosenadifferent

path.39Whileamaximisingapproachmightseemanoptimalapproachtodecision-making,

ourenergymaybebetterspentsatisficingandappreciatingwhatwehave,ratherthanwhatwemight

havehad.

A.Makeabaddecisionandyoucanbeleftwithfeelingsofregret.

B.Weareoftenoverwhelmedbytheabundanceofchoicesweface.

C.Asatisficerisusuallymuchmoreefficientandmentallylessburdened.

D.Thisproblemisespeciallypronouncedinaworldwhereoptionsseemendless.

E.Bycontrast,asatisficeracceptshischoiceasgoodenough,evenifit'snotthebest.

F.Inotherwords.maximisersstruggletostopsearchingdespiteagoodenoughoption.

G.Ifanything,choicemayinfactlimitourabilitytoenjoyandappreciatewhatwehave.

第三部分書面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié)，32分)

第一節(jié)(共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分)

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}紙指定區(qū)域作答。

Withclimatechangeandrapidurbanization,manycitiesareattheseriousriskofflooding.To

tacklethisproblem,Chineseresearchersfirstproposedthe"spongecity"concept—anurbanplanning

strategythatusesnaturetosustainablymanagewater,reducingrelianceonconcretepipesanddams.

高三年級(jí)(英語)第7頁(共8頁)

Howdospongecitieswork?Thesecitiescombinesustainabletechnologiesandfunctional

landscaping,includingpavementsthatallowwatertogodownintotheground;urbanparksand

greenspacesthatactasplacestoholdwaterduringheavyrainandasrecreationalzonesduringdry

periods;urbanwetlandsthatnaturallyfilterwaterandpromotebiodiversity;waterwaysandchannels

thatarelinkedtogethertoefficientlytransportandstorewater.Alltheseelementstransformtheurban

landscapeintoa“sponge”capableofabsorbingandreleasingwateraccordingtoclimateconditions.

Thebenefitsofthespongecityapproacharediverse.Beyonditsprimaryfunctionofreducing

floodriskandeasingpressureondrainagesystems,thisstrategysignificantlyenhancesurban

livability.Howisthispossible?Itcreatesextensivegreenzonesthatexpandhealthypublicspaces

forrecreation,improveairquality,andsupportincreasedurbanbiodiversity.

Thisurbanplanningmodelhasachievedwidespreadinternationalrecognition.InChina,it

wasofficiallyadoptedasanationwidepolicyin2014,withcitieslikeWuhanandBeijingleading

implementationefforts.Followingdevastatingfloodsofa2011storm,thecityofCopenhagen

launcheditsownspongecitytransformationplan.Fundamentaltothestrategyaregreeninfrastructure

(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)elements,suchasredesignedparksthatserveasretentionbasinsduringheavyrains,along

withblueinfrastructurelikethecity'sextensivecanalnetworktochannelandstoreexcesswater.

Thespongec