第1題whichoneofthefollowingistoexaminetheEarthmaterialsandseekstounderstandthemanyprocessesthatoperateonourplanet?APhysicalgeology

BHistoricalgeology

第2題WhichoneofthefollowingistoseeksanunderstandingoftheoriginofEarthanditsdevelopmentthroughtime?APhysicalgeology

BHistoricalgeology

第3題Naturalresourcesaddressedbygeologyinclude:Awater

BSoilCmetallicandnon-metallicminerals

DMilkEEnergy

正確答案：ABCE第1題Geologicaleventslikeearthquakes,volcanoeseruption

belongsto:

AUniformitarianismBCatastrophism第2題Thephysical,chemical,andbiologiclawsthatoperatetodayhaveoperatedthroughoutthegeologicpast.Thisstatementdescribesthe:AUniformitarianismBCatastrophism第3題TheageoftheEarthis

____billionyears.正確答案：:4.6/4.51.4.2Assignments第1題ThewaterportiononourplanetEarthbelongsto:

Ageosphere

BhydrosphereCbiosphereDatmosphere

第2題AllplantandanimallifeonourplanetEarthbelongsto:AGeosphere

BHydrosphereCBiosphereDAtmosphere

1.5.3Assignments第1題

Continentalcrustis____kilometersandcomposedprimarilyof____.正確答案：:35-70正確答案：:granodiorite第2題

Oceaniccrustisapproximately____kilometersthickandcomposedof____.正確答案：:7正確答案：:basalt第3題Whichzoneismarkedbyasharpincreaseindensitybelowtheasthenosphere?ALowerMantleBOutercoreCLithosphereDTransitionzone1.6.2Assignments第1題Thedrivenforcesfortheformationofmetamorphicrocksare:AGravity

BHeatCPressure

正確答案：BC第2題Whatrockisthecoolingandsolidificationofmagma?AMetamorphicrockBIgneousrockCSedimentaryrock

2.1.2Assignments第1題Isgoldnuggetamineral?第2題Isseawatermineral?第3題Isquartzamineral?第4題Iscubiczirconiaamineral?第5題Isobsidianamineral?第6題Isrubyamineral?第7題Isglacialiceamineral?第8題Isamberamineral?2.2.2Assignments第1題Whichelementisthemostabundant

oneinthecrust(byweigh)?ASiBOCAlDFe第2題WhichelementisthemostabundantintheEarth(byweigh)?ASiBOCAlDFe2.3.2Assignments第1題Theappearanceofbeingcoatedwithanoilysubstanceiscalled:AVitreouslusterBAdamantinelusterCGreasyluster第2題Thedegreesoftransparencyare:

ATransparentBTranslucentCOpaque正確答案：ABC2.4.3Assignments第1題

Whatisthetendencyofamineraltobreakalongplanesofweakbonding?AFractureBCleavageCHardnessDLuster第2題Howmanycleavage/cleavagesis/arethemicahas/have?A1B2C3D42.5.2Assignments第1題Thecrystalsoffluoriteare:—crystalsarecubesACubesBOctahedronsCDodecahedrons第2題Thecrystalsofmagnetiteare:ACubesBOctahedronsCDodecahedrons2.6.2Assignments第1題TheeightmostabundantelementsinthecontinentalcrustareSi,O,Fe,K,Mg,Na,Ca,Al.第2題Acollectionofspecimensthatexhibitsimilarinternalstructureandchemicalcompositionsarecalledmineralspecies第3題Silicate

mineralsarethemostcommontypeofminerals,

Assignments第1題

Thesilicatemineralsarethemostcommontypeofminerals.What'sthepercentagesdotheyaccountforofEarth'scrust?ALessthan50%BAbout50%CMorethan90%DLessthan10%第2題Smokyquartzisthequartzcontainstraceamountsof:AAlBFeCCaDMgAssignments第1題Whichmineralisthesecond-mostabundantmineralinthecontinentalcrustandtheonlycommonmineralmadecompletelyofsiliconandoxygen?AFeldspar

BCalcite

CSilicondixiodeDQuartz第2題Muscoviteisthecommonmemberofthemicafamily.Itbelongsto:ALightsilicateBDarksilicateCNonsilicate第3題Biotiteisthecommonmemberofthemicafamily.Itbelongsto:ALightsilicateBDarksilicateCNonsilicate2.9.2Assignments第1題HowmanypercentsdononsilicatemineralsapproximatelymakeupofEarth’scrust?A8B45C62D90第2題Whichmineralisusuallyusedasdrillingmud?AHematite

BPyriteCBariteDGold2.10.2Assignments第1題Therock-formingmineralsareolivne,pyroxene,

____,

____,

____,

theclayminerals,

____,____,anddolomite.3.1.2Assignments第1題Igneousrocksvaryin:AGrains

BColor

正確答案：AB第2題Moltenrock(magma)originatesinthe:ACrust

BMantle

COutercoreDInnercore正確答案：AB第3題Mostmagmaneverreachesthesurface.Ratheritcrystallizesatdepthtoproduce:AIntrusiveigneousrockBExtrusiveigneousrock3.2.2Assignments第1題Thevolumepercentageofigneousrocksinthecrustisabout:A8%B20%C66%D75%3.3.2Assignments第1題Thebasiccharacteristicsofmagmainclude:AHightemperature

BComplexcomponent

CViscousandmobile

正確答案：ABC第2題AccordingtothecontentofSiO2,themagmacanbeclassifiedinto:AUltrabasicmagma

BBasicmagma

CIntermediatemagma

DAcidicmagma

正確答案：ABCD3.4.2Assignments第1題Themainproductsoferuptionare:

ALavaBGasesCSolidmaterials

DFossils

正確答案：ABC第2題WhenthemeltedrockhasreachedthesurfaceoftheEarth,itiscalled:AMagmaBLava第3題Whatthenameofthisrock?AGraniteBMicaCPumiceDBasalt3.5.2Assignments第1題Accordingtotheshapesofthevolcaniccones,volcanoescanbeclassifiedinto:ACinderconeBShieldvolcanoes

CStratovolcanoesDActivevolcanoes

正確答案：ABC第2題Thepossiblenameofthisvolcanomightbe:ACinderconeBShieldvolcanoes

CStratovolcanoesDDormantvolcano

第3題Accordingtotheirperiodicityandactivity,volcanoescanbeclassifiedinto：ACinderconesBActiveVolcanoCDormantVolcanoDExtinctVolcano正確答案：BCD3.6.2Assignments第1題AccordingtothedepthfromthesurfaceoftheEarthtothetoppointoftheintrusivebody,theintrusiverockscanbeclassifiedinto:APlutonicrocks

Bhypabyssalrocks

Cextrusiverocks

正確答案：AB第2題Thesubject3inthisfigureisnamedas:ARoofpendantBXenolithCcountryrockDintrusivebody3.7.2Assignments第1題Factorsaffectingcrystalsizeintheigneousrocksincluding:A

RateofcoolingB

AmountofsilicaC

Amountofdissolvedgases正確答案：ABC第2題Thetextureofthispumiceis:AAphanitic(fine-grained)textureB

Phaneritic(coarse-grained)textureCPorphyritictextureD

Vesiculartexture第3題Thetextureofgranitebelongsto:A

Aphanitic(fine-grained)textureBPhaneritic(coarse-grained)textureC

PorphyritictextureDGlassytexture3.8.2Assignments第1題Theearliestmineralsthatcrystallizefromthemagmaofbasalticcompositionare:APyroxene

BOlivine

CAmphibole

DBiotite第2題ThetemperatureforthecrystalizationintheBowen'sReactionSerieschangesfromhightolow,accordinglythecolorofthecrystallizedmineralschangesfrom:ADarktolight

BLighttodark

4.1.2Assignments第1題ThegeneralprocessbywhichrocksarebrokendownatEarth’ssurfaceiscalled:AWeatheringBErosion第2題Asetofprocessesthatloosenandmovesoilandrockdownhillordownwindiscalled:AWeatheringBErosion4.2.2Assignments第1題Whichofthefollowingprocessesarenot

physicalweathering?AExpansionandContractionBFrostActionCExfoliationDHydrolysisEOxidation正確答案：DE第2題Aprocessinwhichcurvedplatesofgraniterockarestrippedfromalargerrockmass.Itsexactmechanismisstilluncertainbutprobablyduetounloading.Thisprocessisprobablycalled:AFrostActionBExfoliationCUnloadingD

Thermalexpansion4.3.2Assignments第1題Theweatheringprocessestoformthiskindofrockcolorisprobablybecause:AHydrationBOxidationCCarbonationDHydrolysis第2題Theequationshowshereprobablybelongtowhichkindofchemicalweathering?

AHydrationBHydrolysisCCarbonationDOxidization第3題Theweatheringtypeofthefollowingpictureisprobably:APhysicalweatheringBChemicalweatheringCBiologicalweatheringDHumanweathering4.4.2Assignments第1題Themostlikelymajorweatheringtypeinthehotandhumidareasis:AChemicalweatheringBMechanicalweathering

CBiologicalweathering

DHumanweathering

第2題Themajorcontrollingfactorsofweatheringinclude:AClimateBReliefCTimeDRocksandgeologicalstructures正確答案：ABCD4.5.2Assignments第1題Themajorweatheringproductsare:AClasticmaterial

BDissolvedmaterials

CEluviumDRegolithESoil正確答案：ABCDE4.6.2Assignments第1題Themajorcontrollingfactorsonsoilare:AParentmaterialBTimeCClimateDPlantsandanimalsETopography正確答案：ABCDE4.7.2Assignments第1題

Soil-formingprocessesoperatefromthesurfacedownward.Thesequencefromthetoptothebottomis:AO-E-A-B-CBO-A-E-B-CCA-B-C-O-EDO-E-B-A-C第2題Thishorizoninthesoilprofileincludesbacteria,fungi,algae,andinsectsiscalled:AAhorizonBOhorizonCBhorizonDChorizonAssignments第1題Comparedtothepheroidalweathering,theexfoliationusuallyshows:

AChemicalweatheringandsmallscale

BChemicalweatheringandlargescale

CPhysicalweatheringandsmallscale

DPhysicalweatheringandlargescale

第2題Theweatheringstructureofthefollowingpictureis:ASpheroidalweatheringBExfoliation5.1.2Assignments第1題TheultimatesourceofenergyforexternalprocessesistheSun.第2題Externalprocessesareresponsiblefortransformingsolidrockintosedimentandarethereforeabasicpartoftherockcycle.5.2.2Assignments第1題Thecharacteristicsofexternalprocessinclude:AExternalprocessesareactingonthesurfaceofthesolidEarth,resultinginloweringmountainsandfillingbasins.BMajorinfluencingfactorsareatmosphere,hydrosphereandbiosphere.CThemainenergyistheheatoftheSun.

DApartfromtheenergyfromtheSun,therearegravity,gravitationoftheSunandtheMoon,andtherotationforceoftheEarth,whicharetheauxiliaryenergies.正確答案：ABCD第2題Whichofthefollowingliststhecorrectsequenceintheformationofasedimentaryrock?

Aweathering,lithification,erosion,depositionBweathering,erosion,deposition,lithificationCerosion,weathering,lithification,depositionDlithification,erosion,deposition,weathering第3題WhichoneofthefollowingisNOTconsideredaphysicalprocessofdiagenesis?

AlithificationBcementationCcompactionDcrystallization5.3.2Assignments第1題Ifsedimentaryrocksaccountforonlyabout5%oftheEarth’stop10km,whichoneofthefollowingisNOTareasonwhysedimentaryrocksarestillconsidered“important”?

ASedimentaryrockscontainevidenceofthecrystallizationsequenceofmineralsproducedbysolidifyingmagma.BManysedimentaryrocksareimportanteconomicallysincetheycontaincoalandotherminedmaterials.CSedimentaryrockscontainfossilsthatarevitaltoolsinthestudyofthegeologicpast.DSedimentaryrocksprovidegeologistswithmuchofthebasicinformationtheyneedtoreconstructthedetailsofEarthhistory.ESedimentaryrockscontainevidenceofpasteventsandenvironmentsinwhichtheirparticlesweredeposited.5.4.2Assignments第1題Themajorweatheringproductsofiron-bearingsilicates(Olivine,pyroxeneetc)are:

Aclayminerals,ironoxideBclayminerals,K,Na,CaionsCquartzDclayminerals,Kions第2題Consideringtheweather-resistibility,themoststablemineralonthesurfaceoftheEarthis:Apyroxene

BCa-richplagioclase

Cquartz

DOlivine

第3題Consideringtheweather-resistibility,theworststablemineralonthesurfaceoftheEarthis:Apyroxene

Bplagioclase

Colivine

Dquartz

5.5.2Assignments第1題Thetwomajortexturesusedintheclassificationofsedimentaryrocksare

Afragmental;crystallineBfinegrained;coarsegrainedCclastic;bioclasticDclastic;nonclastic第2題Howarethedegreeofsortingandtheamountofroundingofgrainsrelatedtothetransportationofsandgrains?

ATherounderandbettersortedgrainsindicatefarthertravelfromthesource.BThemoreangularandpoorlysortedgrainsindicateshortertravelfromthesourceandhigherenergyoftheenvironmentofdeposition.CTherounderandbettersortedgrainsindicateshortertravelfromthesource.DThemoreangularandpoorlysortedgrainsindicatefarthertravelfromthesourceandlowerenergyoftheenvironmentofdeposition.正確答案：AB第3題Whatisthedifferencebetweenconglomerateandbreccia?

ABrecciaclastsarethesizeofboulders,whereasconglomerateclastsareveryfinegrained.

BAbrecciaiswellstratified,whereasaconglomerateispoorlystratified.CBrecciaclastsareangular,whereasconglomerateclastsarerounded.

DBrecciahasacompacted,clay-richmatrix,whereasconglomeratehasnomatrix.

5.6.2Assignments第1題WhichoneofthefollowingisNOTatypeofsedimentarystructure?

Abeddingplanes

Bstriations

Ccross-bedding

Dgradedbeds

EripplemarksFmudcracks

第2題Whichtypeofsedimentarystructurecanbeusedtodeterminecurrentdirection?Agrainsizesortingandripplemarks

Bmudcracksandripplemarks

Cripplemarksandcross-bedding

Dfossilsandmudcracks

第3題Whichofthefollowinglistsrankstheindicatedsedimentaryrocksfomhigh-energytolow-energyenvironmentsofdeposition?

Aconglomerate,sandstone,shale

Bconglomerate,shale,sandstone

Csandstone,conglomerate,shale

Dsandstone,shale,conglomerate

Eshale,sandstone,conglomerate5.7.2Assignments第1題Howiscoaldifferentfromotherbiochemicalsedimentaryrocks?ACoalisformedfromthefossilizedremainsofplantmaterial,whereaslimestoneisformedwithcalciumcarbonate.BCoalisformedwithcalciumcarbonate,whereaslimestoneisformedfromthefossilizedremainsofplantmaterial.CCoalismoredensethanotherbiochemicalsedimentaryrocks,andtendstobelighterincolorandwithoutfossils.DCoalisrepresentativeofaformerswampenvironment,whereaslimestonerepresentsmarineenvironments.正確答案：DA第2題Whichdescriptionisappropriatelymatchthecharacteristicsofcoralreef?Achemicalchangesorhighwatertemperaturesincreasecalciumcarbonateconcentrationstothepointofprecipitation

Brelativelysimpleinvertebrateanimalssecreteacalcareousskeletonandgrowtogether

Cbiochemicallimestonewhereshellfragmentsarepoorlycementedtogether

Dcomposedofsmallsphericalgrains,commonlysmallshellfragments,coatedwithprecipitatedcalciumcarbonate

第3題Whichdescriptionisappropriatelymatchthecharacteristicsofcoquinaandchalk?Acomposedofsmallsphericalgrains,commonlysmallshellfragments,coatedwithprecipitatedcalciumcarbonate

Bchemicalchangesorhighwatertemperaturesincreasecalciumcarbonateconcentrationstothepointofprecipitation

Cbiochemicallimestonewhereshellfragmentsarepoorlycementedtogether

Drelativelysimpleinvertebrateanimalssecreteacalcareousskeletonandgrowtogether

5.8.2Assignments第1題Thethreemostcommonsedimentaryenvironmentsare：Afluvial,aeolian,marineBcontinental,marine,abyssalCcontinental,marine,transitionalDcontinental,alpine,oceanic正確答案：C第2題Whichofthefollowingdescriptioncanappropriatlyinterpretthedepositionenvironmentofquartzsandstone?Asteepslopesorveryturbulentcurrents,likeenergeticmountainstreamsorstrongwaveactivityorglaciers

Bdepositedveryclosetothesourcerock,notfar-traveledsedimentatall

Cparticleswashedbywavesattheshoreline/beachorwind-blowninadesert

Dsubmarinedepositsmadebydensesediment-chokedturbiditycurrents

Erelativelyquiet,nonturbulentwatercurrent

第3題Whichofthefollowingdescriptioncanappropriatlyinterpretthedepositionenvironmentofconglomerate?Adepositedveryclosetothesourcerock,notfar-traveledsedimentatall

Bsteepslopesorveryturbulentcurrents,likeenergeticmountainstreamsorstrongwaveactivityorglaciers

Csubmarinedepositsmadebydensesediment-chokedturbiditycurrentsDparticleswashedbywavesattheshoreline/beachorwind-blowninadesert

6.1.2Assignments第1題ThemetamorphicrockscanformfromAsedimentaryrocks

Bigneousrocks

Cmetamorphicrocks

正確答案：ABC6.2.2Assignments第1題Whichoftheseisthemostcompletelistoftheagentsofmetamorphism,theagentsthatdrivemetamorphictransformationsinrocks?

Apressure,temperature,heat

Bchemicallyactivefluids,pressure,differentialstress

Cheat,differentialstress,chemicallyactivefluids

Dheat,pressure,parentrock

第2題Howis“confiningpressure”differentfrom“differentialstress”?AConfiningpressureiswhenforcesareappliedequallyinalldirections,whereasdifferentialstressiswhenforcesareappliedinequally.

BConfiningpressureispresentonlyinoceanwaterandincreaseswithdepth,whereasdifferentialstressispresentonlywithinrocks.

CConfiningpressureholdsrocksinplace,whereasdifferentialstressisconfiningpressureappliedinalldirections.

DConfiningpressureiswhenforcesareappliedinequallyindifferentdirections,whereasdifferentialstressiswhenforcesareappliedequally.

第3題Whydometamorphicchangesoccuratgreatdepths?

AGreaterdepthsarethelocationsofgreatertemperatureandpressurenecessaryformetamorphism.BTemperatureincreaseswithdepth,causingrocksdescendingdeepertobecomeprogressivelylessstableandtometamorphoseinresponse.

CGreatdepthistheareawheremostchemicallyactivefluidsarefound,thusproducingthemostamountofhydrothermalmetamorphism.

DTemperaturedecreaseswithdepth,causingrocksdescendingdeepertobecomeprogressivelylessstableandtometamorphoseinresponse.正確答案：BA6.3.2Assignments第1題Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatedescriptionaboutthegneissicstructure?Aclosely-spacedplanarsurfacesalongwhichrockssplitintothin,tabularslabswhenhitwithahammer

Basmallnumberofverylargecrystalssurroundedbythefiner-grainedrock

Cshiny,planaralignmentofmicatoformafoliation

Dabandedfoliationresultingfromasegregationofminerals

第2題Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatedescriptionoftheslatycleavage?Ashiny,planaralignmentofmicatoformafoliation

Bclosely-spacedplanarsurfacesalongwhichrockssplitintothin,tabularslabswhenhitwithahammer

Casmallnumberofverylargecrystalssurroundedbythefiner-grainedrock

Dabandedfoliationresultingfromasegregationofminerals

第3題Whichistherockthatformsthebestrockcleavageandwhy?Aschist–thegrainsaretoocoarseandintergrownwithporphyroblasts.

Bgneiss–thegrainshaveapreferredorientationandspliteasilyalongthemineralbands.

Cslate–thegrainsaresosmallandsowellintergrownthattherockisverystrongandbreaksalongplanesoffinemicas.

Dquartzite–thegrainsareequidimensional,sotheyhavenodiscernablefoliationforbreaking.6.4.2Assignments第1題Whereistheprobablelocationthattheregionalmetamorphismmostlikelyoccurs:

Aincloseassociationwithamid-oceanridge

Bwithinmountainbeltsastheyformfromcontinentalcollision

Cincloseproximitytoaplutonorcoolingmagmabody

6.5.2Assignments第1題Whichofthefollowingstatementisthebestdescriptionofgneiss?Ahard,nonfoliatedrockresultingfromcontactmetamorphism

B

composedofalternatingbandsoflightanddarksilicateminerals

Cfoliated,composedpredominantlyofplatyminerals,likemicas,andporphyroblastslikegarnet

Dlooselycoherentrockcomposedofbrokenfragmentsthatformedalongafaultzone

第2題Whichofthefollowingstatementisthebestdescriptionofmarble?Arepresentsametamorphicgradebetweenslateandschist

Bveryfine-grainedandfoliatedwithexcellentrockcleavage

Ccalcite-rich,oftennonfoliated

Dlooselycoherentrockcomposedofbrokenfragmentsthatformedalongafaultzone

第3題Whichofthefollowingstatementisthebestdescriptionofbreccia?Ahard,nonfoliatedrockresultingfromcontactmetamorphismBcomposedofalternatingbandsoflightanddarksilicateminerals

Clooselycoherentrockcomposedofbrokenfragmentsthatformedalongafaultzone

Dcalcite-rich,oftennonfoliated

6.6.2Assignments第1題Inthegreenschistfacies,whatarethemajormineralsproducedfromshaleparent?AMuscovite,biotite,garnet,quartz,plagioclasefeldsparBMuscovite,chlorite,quartz,sodium-richplagioclasefeldspar

CGarnet,silimanite,plagioclasefeldspar,quartz

DGarnet,sodium-richpyroxene,quartz

第2題Intheamphibolitefacies,whatarethemajormineralsproducedfromshaleparent?AMuscovite,biotite,garnet,quartz,plagioclasefeldsparBMuscovite,chlorite,quartz,sodium-richplagioclasefeldspar

CGarnet,silimanite,plagioclasefeldspar,quartz

DGarnet,sodium-richpyroxene,quartz

第3題Metamorphismcanalsobedividedintoprogradeandretrogrademetamorphism第4題Metamorphicgrade:isageneraltermfordescribingtherelativetemperatureandpressureconditionsunderwhichmetamorphicrocksform.第5題Metamorphicfaciesisagivensetofmetamorphicconditions,7.1.2Assignments第1題AlfredWegener,whofirstproposedtheplatetectonicswasabrilliantinterdisciplinaryscientist.Headvancedthetheoryofcontinentaldriftin1912.ATrue

BFalse

第2題AccordingtoWegener'shypothesisthatcontinentsaremovingtoday,whatsupercontinentapparentlybrokeupabout200millionyearsago?

AGondwanaland

BHarryhesslandCWegenerea

DPangaea

第3題Wegenerpresentedhiscontinentaldrifttheoryinlecturesin1912andpublisheditinfullin1915titled"theoriginofcontinentsandoceans".ATrue

BFalse

7.2.2Assignments第1題OneoftheevidencethatsupportsWegener'sideaistheshapesofthecontinentsmatch.ThebulgeofAfricafitstheshapeofthecoastofAmericaswhileBrazilfitsalongthecoastofAfricabeneaththebulge.ATrue

BFalse

第2題Besidesthefittingtogetherofthecontinents,Wegener’sideaof

continentaldrift

wasbaseduponwhichofthefollowing?

AfossilevidencebetweenIndiaandAfrica

Bmid-oceanridgesystem,middleoftheAtlanticOcean

Cmagnetic“stripes”ontheoceanfloor

DfossilevidencebetweenS.AmericaandAfrica

第3題Theevidencesofthecontinentaldriftare:ATheshapesofcontinentsmatchBTheplantsandanimalsmatch

CTherocksmatchDTheicematch

正確答案：ABCD7.3.2Assignments第1題TheenergieswhichdrivethecontinentstodriftweretidalforcescomingfromtheSunandtheMoonandcentrifugalforceandthisistheothermajorweakpointofthetheory.第2題Continentalcrustscomposedmainlyofgranitesploughedthroughtheoceaniccrustofbasaltsand

thisdriftmechanismisafatalweaknessofthetheory.

第3題Somescientists,likeAustriangeologistE.Suess,thoughtthatthereweretwocontinents,LaurasiaonthenorthernhemisphereandGondwanaonthesouthernhemisphere,separatedbyTethys.第4題Inabout150Mabeforerecenttherewasonlyonecontinentcalled

Pangea,andoneoceancalled

Panthalassa.

7.4.2Assignments第1題The"mantleconvection"mechanismwasproposedbyaBritishgeologist,ArthurHolmesinhisbook"RadioactivityandEarthMovement"in1929.第2題Thetwocommonmechanismswediscussedintheclasssupportingthecontinuousdriftare:AMantleconvection

BGravitationalsliding

正確答案：AB7.5.2Assignments第1題Accordingtothetheoryofplatetectonics,thelithosphereisbrokenintoadozenorsorigidplates.Theseplatescanbefurtherclassifiedintolargeplatesandsmallplatesaccordingtotheirsizes.Whichofthefollowingareclassifiedintolargeplates?AEurasiaPlate

BNorthernAmericanPlate

CCaribbeanPlate

DSouthernAmericanPlate

EAfricanPlate

FArabianPlate

正確答案：ABDE第2題Accordingtothetheoryofplatetectonics,thelithosphereisbrokenintoadozenorsorigidplates.Theseplatescanbefurtherclassifiedintolargeplatesandsmallplatesaccordingtotheirsizes.Whichofthefollowingareclassifiedintosmallplates?AIndian-AustralianPlate

BCocosPlate

CJuandeFucaPlate

DAntarcticPlate

EPhilippinePlateFScotiaPlate

正確答案：BCEF7.6.2Assignments第1題Atdivergentboundaries,whereplatestowardeachother,partiallymoltenmantlerisesandfillsthegapbetweenthem.第2題Accordingtothediscussionsinclass,thetopographyformedbytheconvergentboundaryare:

AIslandarcsandoceantrenchesBMountainsandoceantrenchesCMountainsDRiftvalley正確答案：ABC第3題TheSanAndreasfaultformeddueto:ADivergentboundary

BConvergentboundary

CTransform

boundary

DNoneoftheabove.7.7.2Assignments第1題Wilson'scycleindicatestheevolutioncycleofoceandevelopmentaccordingtoplatetectonics.第2題InthehistoryoftheEarth,thereisonlyoneWelson'scycle,describingtheevolutionofoceans.第3題Themodernexampleof"Primeperiod"oftheWilson'scyleis:AEastAfricanRiftBAtlanticCMediterraneanSeaDHimalayas8.1.2Assignments第1題ThepictureshowshereistheangularunconformityfoundbyJamesHutton.第2題Thestatement"Thepresentisthekeytothepast"isreferredas：AUniformitarianismBCatastrophism第3題TheageoftheEarthis

____billionyears.正確答案：:4.6/4.5Assignments第1題

Inclusionsandcross-Cuttingrelationstellusthattheyoungerbroketheold.第2題Theageofthefollowinglayersfromyoungertoolderis:AA-B-C-D-EBE-A-B-C-DCA-B-D-C-EDE-D-C-B-A第3題Relativetimeanswerswhichoneisolderandwhichoneisyounger.Thesimplerulesorprinciplesweusuallyusedare:APrincipleofOriginalHorizontalityB

LawofSuperpositionC

PrincipleofCross-CuttingRelationshipsD

PrincipleoflateralcontinuityE

FaunalSuccessionF

InclusionsandCross-CuttingRelations正確答案：ABCDEF8.3.2Assignments第1題Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesan“unconformity”?

AAfaultorfracturewithyoungerstrataaboveandolderstratabelow.

BAsurfaceoferosionwithyoungerstrataaboveandolderstratabelow.

CAsurfaceoferosionwitholderstrataaboveandyoungerstratabelow.

DAfaultorfracturewitholderstrataaboveandyoungerstratabelow.

第2題Unconformitiesinclude:AangularunconformitiesBnonconformityCconformityDdisconformity正確答案：ABD8.4.2Assignments第1題Whichofthefollowingexplainsthemainfocusofthefieldofgeologycalled“paleontology”?

AThestudyofradioactivedecayinmineralsandfossilsinrocks.BThestudyofminerals,rocks,andbiologythatleadtounderstandingnumericalagesofrocks.

CThestudyofpastlifeformsthroughthestudyoffossilsinrocks.

DThestudyofisotopesandatomswithinfossilsinrocks.

第2題Howisthe“principleoffossilsuccession”usedincorrelatingrocklayersfromplacetoplace?

ASincelifeformsevolvefromcomplextosimpleovertime,olderrockstratawillhaverelativelycomplexversionsoflifeformsthanyoungerlayers.

BSincelifeformsevolvefromsimpletocomplexovertime,olderrockstratawillhaverelativelycomplexversionsoflifeformsthanyoungerlayers.

CSincelifeformsevolvefromsimpletocomplexovertime,olderrockstratawillhaverelativelysimpleversionsoflifeformsthanyoungerlayers.

DSincelifeformsdonotchangeincomplexityovertime,allrockstratawillhaverelativelysimilarversionsoflifeforms.

第3題Whichofthefollowingstatementistheappropriatedescriptionofcast?

Athehardenedresinoftreesaptrappedorganismswithinit,sealingthemfromtheatmosphere

Bamineral-matterfillingofahollowspaceleftbyadissolvedshell

Cashellisburiedinsedimentandthendissolved,le