01什么是定語從句02定語從句的關系代詞03定語從句的關系副詞04定語從句的介詞+關系代詞0506限定性VS非限定性定語從句定語從句的考點總結AttributiveClause07鞏固練習ContentPART01

什么是定語從句定語從句

|什么是定語？1、用來限定、修飾名詞或代詞的句子成分，漢語中常用“……的”表示2、主要由形容詞擔任，名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，分詞，副詞，不定式，介詞短語也可，有時也由一個句子來擔任。14missinganimals14只失蹤的動物(數(shù)詞和形容詞作定語)aconfox一只騙子狐貍(名詞做定語）adeterminedbunny一只堅定的兔子(形容詞作定語）

定語從句|什么是定語從句？在復合句中用來修飾名詞或代詞的句子部分（做定語的從句）Judyisabravebunnywhoisdeterminedtobecomeapoliceofficer.朱迪是一只決心成為警察的勇敢兔子Judyisabravebunny.Judyisdeterminedtobecomeapoliceofficer.定語從句|句子結構

定語從句的結構：Judyisabravebunnywhoisdeterminedtobecomeapoliceofficer.bunnywhoisdeterminedtobecomeapoliceofficer.先行詞關系詞句子定語從句名詞/代詞修飾定語從句是用來修飾名詞或代詞的句子部分。它相當于一個“形容詞”。在句子中，定語從句緊跟在它修飾的詞（先行詞）后面。定語從句|先行詞/關系詞先行詞被修飾的名詞或代詞關系詞引導定語從句的詞，有關系代詞和關系副詞Judyisabravebunnywhoisdeterminedtobecomeapoliceofficer.bunnyJudyisabravebunnywhoisdeterminedtobecomeapoliceofficer.who

定語從句的結構：先行詞關系詞句子1.ThemanwhositsbesidemeisMr.Lee.2.Iliketherecordwhichmysistergaveme.3.Thehousewhereweliveneedscleaning.4.IstillrememberthedaywhenIstudiedinItaly.Theman練一練：找出定語從句和先行詞whositsbesidemeisMr.Lee.therecordwhichmysistergaveme.ThehousewherewelivethedaywhenIstudiedinItaly.PART02

定語從句的關系代詞關系代詞|在句中的作用常用的關系代詞有：that,which,who,whom,whoseJudyisabunnywhodreamsofmakingtheworldabetterplace.who在定語從句中代替先行詞①代替作用作主語、賓語、表語和定語②在定語從句中擔任成分把兩個句子連成帶有定語從句的主從復合句③連接作用關系代詞|用法①who指人，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語時，可省略。Themanwho

sitsbesidemymotherisadoctor.Apersonwho

canteachyouthingsiscalledateacher.②whom指人，在定語從句中作賓語，可省略。Theboy(whom)Iwrotetoismycousin.先行詞關系詞句子關系代詞|用法③which指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語時可省略。Thebuildingwhich

standsbytheriverisourschool.Thisrecorder（which）heisusingismadeinJapan.④that指人/物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語時可省略。Heis

theman(that)Itoldyouabout.Thisisarecordthat

mysistergaveme.先行詞關系詞句子關系代詞|用法⑤whose指人/物，在定語從句中作定語，不可省略。Weliveinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth.Thisisthelittlegirlwhose

parentswerekilledinthegreatearthquake.先行詞關系詞句子關系代詞指代對象在從句中的成分能否省略thatwhichwhowhomwhose關系代詞|用法總結人、物主、賓作賓語可省物主、賓作賓語可省人主、賓作賓語可省人賓可省人、物定不可省JudyfoundNick

that/who

wasfeelingbadalone.主句：Judy找到了Nick從句：Nick獨自難過練一練翻譯|Judy找到了正在獨自難過的Nick。JudyfoundNickNickwasfeelingbadalone.先行詞是Nick，從句中做主語,主從句結合連接用that/who一找先行詞二判斷人/物方法總結1.分出主句從句，找準先行詞3.根據(jù)還原部分所作成分，選擇關系詞2.先行詞帶入從句還原完整，看還原部分做什么成分練一練1.我午餐會吃媽媽給我做的三明治。2.那個正在講話的男孩是麥克。3.喜歡英語的同學進步大。Iwouldliketoeatasandwich

thatmymummadeforme.Theboy

whoisspeakingisMike.Students

wholikeEnglishmakegreatprogress.一找先行詞二判斷人物Thisisthehouse___________Ioncevisited.3)Thewriter___________IlikemostisMarkTwain.2)Sheisthegirl__________hairislong.5)Itisanovel_____________waswrittenbyMarkTwain.4)Heisainventor___________wasborninAmerica.that/which練一練whosewhom/thatwho/thatthat/whichPART03

定語從句的關系副詞關系副詞|在句中的作用在定語從句中代替先行詞①代替作用作狀語②在定語從句中擔任成分把兩個句子連成帶有定語從句的主從復合句③連接作用關系副詞|有哪些關系副詞關系副詞句法功能先行詞特征whenwherewhy狀語表時間表地點表原因When引導定語從句時，從句的先行詞為表示時間的名詞，When在從句中作_______狀語，相當于“___________________”結構。關系副詞|whenItwasatimeatwhich(when)Judywasdiscriminatedagainstbecauseshewasarabbit.那時朱迪因為是兔子而受到歧視。時間介詞in/at...＋which從句中不缺主干成分where引導定語從句時，從句的先行詞為表示地點的名詞，where在從句中作______狀語，相當于“__________________”結構。介詞in/at...＋which關系副詞|where地點Thisisthepolicestationinwhich(where)JudyandNickfirstmet.這是朱迪和尼克第一次見面的警察局。從句中不缺主干成分當先行詞表示下面三種情況時，可用關系副詞where。某人/物的situation，某事發(fā)展的stage，表達某事的某個方面常見的此類先行詞還有point,case,position,condition等。

關系副詞|where-表示地點的模糊化Judy

getsintoasituation

inwhich(where)shemustproveherselfasacapablepoliceofficer.朱迪陷入了必須證明自己是一名稱職警官的處境。從句中不缺主干成分關系副詞|Whywhy引導定語從句時，從句的先行詞通常為reason,why在從句中作______狀語，相當于“____________”結構。Thereisthereasonforwhich(why)peoplelovethismovie.這就是人們喜歡這部電影的原因原因for＋which從句中不缺主干成分關系副詞句法功能先行詞特征介詞+whichwhenwherewhy狀語表時間表地點表原因關系副詞|

總結關系副詞引導的陳述句結構都是完整的in/at/onwhichforwhichin/at/onwhich練一練2.Thisisthestation________Imetyou.1.Thisisthecity________Ilivein.3.Thisistheday__________Imetyou.4.Idon’tknowthereason__________hecried.whichatwhichonwhichforwhichwherewherewhenwhyin練一練1.Wevisitedthehouse________thefamousscientistoncelived.2.Thephotoremindedmeofthedays________Iplayedhide-and-seekwithmybrotherandIstayedforsixyears.3.Itwasaperiod________theyhaddiscussionveryfrequently.4.Theproblemhascometoapoint________everyonehasdifferentopinionsanditisdifficulttoreachanagreement.wherewhenwhenwherePART04

定語從句的

介詞+關系代詞介詞＋關系代詞引導的定語從句Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.＝Thisistheboywithwhom

Iplayedtennisyesterday.這是昨天跟我打網(wǎng)球的男孩。Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.＝Theschoolinwhich

heoncestudiedisveryfamous.他曾經(jīng)就讀過的學校很有名。關系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，可將介語置于關系代詞前，由“介詞＋關系代詞”引導。介詞＋關系代詞引導的定語從句Thepencilwiththathewaswritingsuddenlybroke.(×)Thepencil

withwhichhewaswritingsuddenlybroke.(√)Themanwiththat/whoyoutalkedjustnowismybrother.(×)Themanwithwhom

youtalkedjustnowismybrother.(√)剛才跟你談話的那個人是我的弟弟。若介詞放在關系代詞前，則關系代詞指人時只可用whom，不可用who/that；關系代詞指物時只可用which，不可用that。介詞＋關系代詞引導的定語從句Ihaveover100books,30ofwhichwereboughtlastyear.我有100多本書，其中有30本是去年買的。Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhom

arefrombigcities.我們班總共有四十個學生，大多數(shù)來自大城市?！敖樵~＋關系代詞”前還可有some、any、none、all、both、neither、many、most、each、few等代詞或者數(shù)詞。PART05

非限制性定語從句定語從句分類：限制性vs非限制性限定修飾先行詞。①限制性定語從句：Heknowsthemanwhoiscryinginthecar.他認識那個在車里哭的人。補充說明先行詞，主從句逗號隔開。②非限制性定語從句：Heknowstheman,whoiscryinginthecar.他認識那個人，那個人正在車里哭。whoiscryinginthecar.theman定從分類有奧妙，限與非限看逗號。非限制性定語從句的引導詞引導詞(關系詞)先行詞在定語從句中作的成分關系代詞who人主語whom人賓語which物/整個主句主語/賓語whose=ofwhom/

ofwhich人/物定語as人/物/整個主句主語/賓語關系副詞when時間名詞時間狀語where通常是地點名詞地點狀語非限制性定語從句的引導詞(1)在非限制性定語從句中，不能用that來代指人或物，而應當用who/whom指人，用which指物。指人和指物的關系代詞，在非限制性定語從句中作賓語時，也不能省略。指人作賓語時，只能用賓格whom，不能用who替換。(2)非限制性定語從句，不能用why引導，常用forwhich代替why。as引導的非限制性定語從句常見搭配：asweexpected正如我們期待那樣/asIremember正如我記得那樣Asweallknow,sheisakindperson.總所周知，她是一個善良的人。（as代替她是善良的人這句話）

Sheisateacher,as

isclearfromhermanner.從她的舉止中可以看出，她是一名教師（as代替她是一名老師這句話）as是個特殊的關系代詞，可代替整個主句，位置可在主句之前或之后。Sheisnotsohappyamanas

youthink.Ihaveneverseenasbeautifulflowers

as

youhave.只用as的情況1.先行詞有thesame或such引導或先行詞為thesame或such時2.在so…as…或as…as…結構中，先行詞前的定語被so或as修飾時Itisthesamesituationas

10yearsagowhenIleft.Suchpeople

as

youdescribearerarenowadays.(2)艾米穿著傳統(tǒng)服飾，參加了那里的火把節(jié)。Amy,____________________________,tookpartintheTorchFestivalthere.他們?nèi)チ嗽颇希谀抢锟吹搅嗣利惖难┥?。TheywenttoYunnan,_______________________________________________.wheretheyseethebeautifulsnowymountains練一練whoworetraditionalclothes(5)他去了意大利，在那里待了三個月之久。

HewenttoItaly,______________________________________.(3)周六是莉薩的生日，這一天他們會舉行一個聚會。

SaturdayisLisa’sbirthday,_______________________________.練一練whentheywillholdaparty.whichmademeveryangry.wherehestayedforthreemonths.(4)她改變了主意，這使我很生氣。

Shechangedhermind,_____________________________________.3.Oneoftheboyskeptlaughing,__annoyedJane.A.whichB.thatC.what1.I’mtakingsometourguideclasses,__arequitepopularhere.A.thatB.whichC.who練一練2.Hisdaughter,__isinBeijingnow,iscominghomenextweek.A.whichB.thatC.whoBCA練一練4.Thatisthewriter__bookwasthebest-sellerlastyear.

A.whoB.whomC.whose6.Doyouknowtheman__issittingbehindZhouBo?A.whatB.whichC.who5.Thisisthepostcard__JennysenttomefromLondon.A.whichB.whatC.whomCACPART06

定語從句的考點總結考點總結①關系代詞和關系副詞的正確選用②只用that的情況③只用which的情況④多用who的情況⑤定語從句的主謂一致考點①關系代詞與關系副詞的正確選用關系詞的選擇主要依據(jù)先行詞在從句中所作的成分而定。Thisistheschoolwhere/inwhichIstudiedlastyear.這就是我去年就讀的學校。（study不及物動詞）Thisistheschool(which/that)Ivisitedlastyear.這就是我去年參觀過的學校。（visit及物動詞）方法一：取決于從句中的謂語動詞與先行詞的關系。如果及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須用關系代詞；如果不及物動詞，則要求用關系副詞作狀語?？键c①關系代詞與關系副詞的正確選用Iwillneverforgetthedaythat/whichwespenttogether.我永遠忘不了我們一起度過的那一天。（day作賓語）Iwillneverforgerthedayswhenwejoinedthearmy我永遠忘不了我參軍的那一天。（day作狀語）方法二：判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分。如果先行詞在定語從句中作主語、賓語或定語，則選擇關系代詞；如果先行詞在定語從句中作狀語，或缺少介詞，則選擇關系副詞。考點②只用that的情況1.當先行詞中有人又有物時。

Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?2.當先行詞為不定代詞all,one,few,little,no,some,any,everything,nothing,nobody,none等時。ThisisallthatIwantfromtheschool.考點②只用that的情況3.當先行詞被only,just,very,right,last等修飾時。

ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingforthesedays.4.當先行詞被最高級修飾時

。

TheTVtoweristhehighestbuildingthathasbeenbuiltinthiscity.考點②只用that的情況5.當先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時。ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.6.主句中已有who或which時Who

isthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?考點③只用which的情況1.非限制性定語從句中2.介詞提至關系代詞前時3.先行詞為that、those時Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.上個月我們買的房子非常不錯。ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.這是魯迅曾經(jīng)住過的房子。What'sthatwhichislyingontheground.躺在地上的東西是什么？考點④that和who都代指人，下面情況多用who1.先行詞為all,anyone,one,ones等時。Allwhoheardthenewswereexcited.2.先行詞為those,he和people

時。

Those

whowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.He

whodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.考點⑤定語從句的主謂一致關系代詞在從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)必須與先行詞保持一致。Those

whoareagainsttheplanputupyourhands.Tomisoneofthestudents

who

werepraisedbytheteacheryesterday.PART07

定語從句的鞏固練習5.Anyone_____hasthemoneycanjointhegroup.4.Heoftenspeakstheroleheplayedintheplay,______madeothersupset.1.Thisistheverything_______Iamafter.2.Wetalkedaboutthemenandthethings_____werememberedatschool.3.Whichisthestar_____isnearesttotheearth?鞏固練習Ⅰ填關系詞thatthatthatwhichwho6.Heopenedthedoor,infrontof______sataboy7.Themanto______Ispokeisafamousscientist.8.Theboy_______parentsweredeadwasbroughtupbyhisuncle.9.Idon'tliketheway________youspeaktoyourparents.鞏固練習Ⅰ填關系詞whomwhomwhoseinwhich1.

(1)Thisisthehouse__________Ioncelived.

(2)

Thisisthehouse____________Ioncevisited.

A.that

B.when

C.where

D.there2.

(1)

Iwon'tforgetthedays_________westudiedinthecollege.

(2)

Iwon'tforgetthedays________wespenttogether.

A.which

B.when

C.who

D.onwhich3.

(1)TaiwanispartofChina,________isknowntoall.

(2)________isknowntoall,TaiwanispartofChina.

A.that

B.which

C.As

D.Which鞏固練習Ⅱ對比練習CABABC4.

(1)Thereason_______heexplainedtomeisunreasonable.

(2)Hecouldn‘tgivetheteacheragoodreason_______hewaslateforschool.

A.why

B.forthat

C.which

D.whose5.(1)Hehasthreedaughters,allof_____aredoctors.

(2)Hehasthreedaughters,andallof_______aredoctors.

A.who

B.whom

C.that

D.them鞏固練習Ⅱ對比練習CABD6.(1)Hestilllivesintheroom_______windowfacestotheeast.

(2)Hestilllivesintheroom,thewindow_______

facestotheeast.

(3)Hestilllivesintheroom________isinthenorthofthecity

(4)Hestilllivesintheroom_______thereisabeautifultable!

A.which

B.whose

C.where

D.ofw