雅思（閱讀）模擬試卷18

一、綜合題（本題共40題，每題1.0分，共40分。）

READINGPASSAGE1Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-13,which

arebasedonReadingPassage1below.Money

transfersbymobileAThepingof

atextmessagehasneversoundedsosweet.Inwhatisbeingtoutedasaworldfirst,

Kenya'sbiggestmobileoperatorisallowingsubscriberstosendcashtootherphoneusers

bySMS.KnownasM-Pesa,ormobilemoney,theserviceisexpectedtorevolutionise

bankinginacountrywheremorethan80%ofpeopleareexcludedfromtheformal

financialsector.Apartfromtransferringcash-aservicemuchindemandamongurban

Kenyanssupportingrelativesinruralareas-customersoftheSafaricomnetworkwillbe

abletokeepupto50000shillings(￡370)ina"virtualaccount"ontheirhandsets.

BDevelopedbyVodafone,whichholdsa35%shareinSafaricom,M-Pesawas

formallylaunchedinKenyatwoweeksago.Morethan10000peoplehavesignedupfor

theservice,witharound8minionshillingstransferredsofar,mostlyintiny

denominations.Safariconi'sexecutivesareconfidentthatgrowthwillbestronginKenya,

andlateracrossAfrica."WcarceffectivelygivingpeopleATMcardswithoutthemever

havingtoopenarealbankaccount,"saidMichaelJoseph,chiefexecutiveofSafaricom,

whocalledthemoneytransferconceptthe"nextbigthing"inmobiletelephony.

CM-Pesa'sissimple.ThereisnoneedforanewhandsetorSIMcard.Tosend

moneyyouhandoverthecashtoaregisteredagent—typicallyaretailer-whocreditsyour

virtualaccount.Youthensendbetween100shillings(74p)and35.000shillings(￡259)

viatextmessagetothedesiredrecipient-evensomeoneonadifferentmobilenetwork—

whocashesitatanagentbyenteringasecretcodeandshowingID.Acommissionofup

to170shillings(￡1.25)ispaidbytherecipientbutitcomparesfavourablywithfees

leviedbythemajorbanks,whoseservicesaretooexpensiveformostofthepopulation.

DMobilephonegrowthinKenya,asinmostofAfrica,hasbeenremarkable,even

amongtheruralpoor.InJune1999Kenyahad15000mobilesubscribers.Todayithas

nearly8millionoutofapopulationof35million,andthetwooperators*networksarcas

extensiveastheaccesstobanksislimited.Safaricomsaysitisnotsomuchcompeting

withfinancialservicescompaniesasfillingavoid.Intime,M-Pesawillallowpeopleto

borrowandrepaymoney,andmakepurchases.Companieswillbeabletopaysalaries

directlyintoworkers1phones-somethingthathasalreadyattractedtheinterestoflarger

employers,suchastheteacompanies,whoseworkersoftenhavetobepaidincashas

theydonothavebankaccounts.Thereareconcernsaboutsecurity,butSafaricominsists

thatevenifsomeone'sphoneisstolenthePINsystempreventsunauthorisedwithdrawals.

MrJosephsaidtheonlydangerissendingcashtothewrongmobilenumberandthe

recipientredeemingitstraightaway.E

Theprojectisbeingwatchedcloselybymobileoperatorsaroundtheworldasawayof

targetingthemultibillionpoundinternationalcashtransferindustr)zlongdominatedby

companiessuchasWesternUnionandMoneygram.Remittancessentfromnearly200

millionmigrantworkerstodevelopingcountriestotalled￡102billionlastyear,

accordingtotheWorldBank.TheGSMAssociation,whichrepresentsmorethan700

mobileoperatorsworldwide,believesthiscouldquadrupleby2012iftransfersbySMS

becomethenorm.VodafonehasenteredapartnershipwithCitigroupthatwillsoonallow

KenyansintheUKtosendmoneyhomeviatextmessage.Thechargefbrsending￡50is

expectedtobeabout￡3,lessthanathirdofwhatsometraditionalservicescharge.

1、Questions1-4Thetexthas5paragraphs(A-E).Whichparagraphcontainseachofthe

followingpiecesofinformation?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

2、*

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

3、*

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案.F

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

4、*

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

5、Questions5-8CompletethefollowingsentencesusingNOMORETHANTHREE

WORDSfromthetext.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：biggest

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

6、*

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：anagent/aregisteredagent

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

7、*

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Tea

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

8、*

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：longdominated

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

9、Questions9-13Dothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninthe

text?TRUE------iftheinformationinthetextagreeswiththestatementFALSE------ifthe

informationinthetextcontradictsthestatementNOTGIVEN------ifthereisno

informationonthis

A、真

B、假

C、NOTGIVEN

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

10、*

A、真

B、假

C、NOTGIVEN

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

11、*

A、真

B、假

C、NOTGIVEN

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

12、*

A、真

B、假

C、NOTGIVEN

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

13、*

A、真

B、假

C、NOTGIVEN

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

READINGPASSAGE2Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions14-26,which

arebasedonReadingPassage2below.ParktheCar

PermanentlyAMorethanamillion

peoplearelikelytobedisappointedbytheirexperienceoftheGovernment'sattemptsto

improvethedemocraticprocess.Theymayhavesignedanonlinepetitionagainstroad

pricing,butministersaredeterminedtopushaheadwithplanstomakeitmoreexpensive

todrive.TheGovernmentisconvincedthatthisistheonlywaytoreducecongestionand

theenvironmentaldamagecausedbymotoring.

BWhywaituntilyouarcforcedofftheroadbycostlycharges?Youmayenjoythe

convenienceofyourcar,butthetruthisthatforhugenumbersofpeople,owningacar

makeslittlefinancialsense.You'dbefarbetteroffgivingitupandrelyingonotherforms

oftransport."I'm47andI'veneverownedacar,despitehavingajobthatrequiresmeto

travelallovertheSouth-easttovisitclients,"saysDonnachadhMcCarthy,an

environmentalexpertwhospecialisesinadvisingpeoplehowtobegreener."Acarisa

hugefinancialcommitment,aswellasbeingapsychologicaladdiction.Notowninga

vehicleIsfarmorepracticalthanmostpeoplerealise."

CItmayseemasifcarshaveneverbeencheaper.Afterall,Itisnowpossibletobuy

abrandnewcarforlessthan￡4800-thePeroduaKelisa,ifyou'reInterested.Thereare

plentyofdecentvehiclesyoucanbuystraightfromtheshowroomforbetween￡5000

and￡7000.Ofcourse,ifyoubuysecond-hand,thepriceswillbeevenlower.However,

(hefallingpurchasepriceofcarsmasksthefactthatithasneverbeenmoreexpensiveto

ownandrunovehicle.TheestimateIsthatthecostofrunningacarrosebymorethan

tenpercentlastyearalone.Theannualcostofrunningyourownvehicleisputatan

averageof￡5539,or￡107aweek.Whitedriverswhodolessormorethantheaverage

mileageeachyearwillspendcorrespondinglylessormore,manyofthecostsofcar

ownershiparefixed-andthereforeunavoidable.

DDepreciation-thefactthatyourvehiclelosesalargechunkofitsresalevalue

eachyear—soneproblem,accountingfbr￡2420ayear.Thecostoffinancepackages,

whichmostpeoplehavetoresorttotopayforatleastpartofthepriceofanewcar,has

alsobeenrising-toanaverageof￡1040ayear.Thenthere'sinsurance,maintenance,tax

andbreakdownInsurance,allofwhichwillcostyoubroadlythesameamount,however

manymilesyoudo.Onlyfuelcostsaretrulyvariable.Whilepetrolpricesarethemost

visibleIndicatorofthecostofrunningacar,forthetypicaldrivertheyaccountforless

thanone-fifthoftherealcostseachyear.Inotherwards,leavingasideallthepractical

andpsychologicalbarrierstogivingupyourcar,infinancialtermsdoingsomakessense

formanypeople.ETakethecostof

publictransport,forexample.InLondon,themostexpensivecityintheUK,themost

expensiveannualtravelcard,allowingtravelinanyzoneatanytime,costsJustover

￡1700.Youcouldgiveupyourcarandstillhavethousandsofpoundstosparetospend

onoccasionalcarhire,infact,assumingthatyouhavethemostexpensivetravelcardin

London,youcouldhireacheapcarfromacompanysuchaseasyCarfarabout30weeks

ayear,andstillbebetteroffoverallthanifyouownyourownvehicle.Notthatcarhireis

necessarilythemastcost-effectiveoptionforpeoplewhoarepreparedtodowithoutacar

butmaystillneedtodriveoccasionally.F

Streetcar,oneofseveral"carclubs"withgrowingnumbersofmembers,reckonsthat

usingitsvehiclestwiceaweek,cvcryweek,forayear,wouldcostyoujust￡700.

Streetcar'smodelworksverysimilarlytothoseofitsmainrivals,Citycarcluband

Whizzgo.Thesethreecompanies,whichnowoperatein20ofBritain'stownsandcities,

chargetheirmembersarefundabledeposit-￡150atStreetcar--andthenprovidethem

withanelectronicsmartcard.Thisenablesmemberstogetintothevehicles,whichare

leftparkedInsetlocations,andthekeysarethenfoundintheglovecompartment.

Memberspayanhourlyrateforthecar—￡4.95isthecostatStreetcar-andreturnitto

thesamespot,ortoadifferentdesignatedparkingplace.

GCarsharingisanincreasinglypopularoptionforj?coplcmakingthesame

journeysregularly-toandfromwork,farexample.Manycompaniesrunschemesthat

helpcolleagueswholiveneartoeachotherandworkinthesameplacetocontacteach

othersotheycansharetheJourneytowork.LiftshareandCarsharearetwonational

organisationsthatmaintainonlinedatabasesofpeoplewhowouldbepreparedtoteam

up,Otherpeoplemaybeabletoreplacepartoralloftheirjourneytowork—orany

journeys,forthatmatter-withlow-costtransportsuchasabicycle,orevenbyjust

walking.Themoreyoucanreduceyourcaruse,howeveryougainaccesstoit,themore

youwillsave.

14、Questions14-17Thetexthas7paragraphs(A-G).Whichparagraphdoeseachofthe

followingheadingsbestfit?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

15、*

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

16、*

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

17、*

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

18、Questions18-22Accordingtothetext,FIVEofthefollowingstatementsaretrue.

Writethecorrespondinglettersinanswerboxes18to22inanyorder.[A]MeCarthy

claimspeoplecanbecomeaddictedtousingcars.[B]Thecostofusingacarrosebyover

tenpercentlastyear.[CJMostBritishpeopleborrowmoneytohelpbuycars.[D]Many

peopleneedcarstodriveinLondonoccasionally.|E|Streetcaroperatesinover20cities

inBritain.[F]Streetcar'scarsmustbeleftatspecificlocations.[G]Carsharingis

becomingmorepopularv/ithpeoplewholiveandworkneareachother.[H]The

governmentwantstoencouragepeopletogotoworkonfootorbybicycle.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

19、*

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

20、*

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

21、*

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

22、*

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

23、Questions23-26Accordingtotheinformationgiveninthetext,choosethecorrect

answeroranswersfromthechoicesgiven.

A、nottofollowprotestors'suggestions.

B、tobecomemoredemocratic.

C^togoaheadwithchargingdriverstouseroads.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：AC

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

24、*

A、relativelycheapinBritain.

B、relativelyexpensivetooperateinBritain.

C^soldsecond-handinBritain.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：AB

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

25、*

A、makeupabout20%ofthecostofrunningacar.

B>arerelatedtotheamountdriverspayfortheircars.

C、dependonhowfaryoudrive.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：AC

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

26、*

ANwillsavemoneyforBritishmotorists,exceptinLondon.

B>andrentingacarpartofthetimecansavemoney.

C^costsLondonersabout￡1700ayear.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

READINGPASSAGE3Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions27-40,which

arebasedonReadingPassage3below.LowCost

LampsLightRuralIndiaUntilthroemonthsago,lifeinthishumblevillagewithout

electricitywouldcometoahaltaftersunset.Insidehismud-and-clayhome,Ganpat

Jadhav'sthreechildrenusedtostudyinthedim,smokyglowofakerosenelamp.When

theirmonthlyfuelquotaoffourlitresdriedupinjustafortnight,theyhadtostraintheir

eyesusingthelightfromacookingfire.Thatallchangedwiththeinstallationoflow-

cost,cncrgy-cfficicntlampsthatarcpoweredentirelybythesun.Thelightswere

installedbytheGrameenSuryaBijliFoundation(GSBF),anIndiannon-governmental

organizationfbcusedonbringinglighttoruralIndia.Some100,000Indianvillagesdo

notyethaveelectricity.TheGSBFlampsuseLEDs-lightemittingdiodes-thatarelour

timesmoreefficientthananormalbulb.Aftera$55installationcost,solarenergylights

thelampfreeofcharge.LEDlighting,likecellphones,isanotherexampleofa

technologywhoselowcostcouldallowtheruralpoortoleapintothe21stcentury.

Asmanyas1.5billionpeople-nearly80millioninIndiaalone-lighttheirhousesusing

keroseneastheprimarylightingmedia.Thefuelisdangerous,dirty,and—despitebeing

subsidized-consumesnearlyfourpercentofatypicalruralIndianhousehold'sbudget.A

recentreportbytheIntermediateTechnologyDevelopmentGroupsuggeststhatindcor

airpollutionfromsuchlightingmediaresultsin1.6milliondeathsworldwideeveryyear.

LEDlamps,ormorespecificallywhiteLEDS,arcbelievedtoproducenearly200times

moreusefullightthanakerosenelampandalmost50timestheamountofusefullightof

aconventionalbulb."Thistechnologycanlightanentireruralvillagewithlessenergy

thanthatusedbyasingleconventional100wattlightbulb,*'saysDaveIrvins-Halliday,a

professorofelectricalengineeringattheUniversityofCalgary,Canadaandthefounder

ofLightUptheWorldFoundation(LUTW).Foundedin1997,LUTWhasusedLED

technologytobringlighttonearly10000homesinremoteanddisadvantagedcomersof

some27countrieslikeIndia,Nepal,SriLanka,Bolivia,andthePhilippines.The

technology,whichisnotyetwidelyknowninIndia,facessomescepticismhere."LED

systemsarerevolutionisingrurallighting,butthisisn'tamagicsolutiontotheworld's

energyproblems,'*saysAshokJhunjhunwala,headoftheelectricalengineering

departmentattheIndianInstituteofTechnology,Madras.Inascenarioinwhichnearly

60percentofIndia'sruralpopulationuses180milliontonsofbiomassperyearfor

cookingviaprimitivewoodstoves—whicharesmokyandprovideonly10-15percent

efficiencyincooking-Jhunjhunwalaemphasisestheneedforacleanenergysource,not

justforlightingbutforotherdomesticpurposesaswellTheIndiangovernmentinApril

launchedanambitiousprojecttobringelectricityto112000ruralvillagesinthenext

decade.However,theremotelocationsofthevillagewillmakereachingthisgoal

difficult.A.K.Lakhina,thechairmanofIndia'sRuralElectrificationCorporation,says

theIndiangovernmentrecognizesthepotentialofLEDlightingpoweredbysolar

technology,butexpressedreservationsaboutitshighcosts."IfonlyLEDsweren't

importedbutmanufacturedlocally/'hesays,"andinbulk."Thelampsinstalledin

nearly300homesbyGSBFcostnearlyhalfthepriceofothersolarlightingsystems.

JasjeetSinghChaddha,thefounderoftheNGO,currentlyimportshisLEDsfromChina.

HewantstosetupanLEDmanufacturingunitandasolarpanelmanufacturingunitin

India.Ifmanufacturedlocally,thecostofhisLEDlampcouldplummetto$22,asthey

won'tincurheavyimportduties."Weneedcloseto$5millionforthis,"hesays.Mr.

Chaddhasayshehasalsoaskedthegovernmenttoexemptthelampsfromsuchduties,

buttonoavail.Anentrepreneurwhomadehismoneyinplastics,Chaddhahaspouredhis

ownmoneyintotheproject,providingtheinitialinstallationsfreeofcharge.Asbelooks

tomaketheprojectself-sustainable,herecognizesthatit'sonlyurbanmarkets-which

havealsoshownanavidinterestinLEDlighting-thatcanpay.Theruralmarketsinindia

can'taffordit,hesays,untilthepricesarebroughtdown.Theruralmarketswouldbeable

toaffordit,saysMr.Irvine-Halliday,iftheyhadaccesstomicro-credit.Hesaysthatin

Tcmbisa,ashantytowninJohannesburg,hefoundthatalmost10,000homesspentmore

than$60eachoncandlesandparaffineveryyear.Ascalculationsrevealed,these

familiescanaffordtopurchaseasolidstatelightingsysteminjustoverayearofpaying

perweekwhattheywouldnormallyspendoncandlesandparaffin—iftheyhaveaccessto

micro-credit.LUTWisintheprocessofcreatingsuchamicro-creditfacilityforSouth

Africa.InvillagesnearKhadakwadi,thenewlyinstalledLEDlampsarcasubjectof

envy,evenforthoseconnectedtothegrid.Thoseconnectedtothegridhavetoface

powercutsupto6or7hoursaday.Constantenergyshortagesandblackoutsarea

commonproblemduetoalackofpowerplants,transmission,anddistributionlosses

causedbyoldtechnologyandillegalstealingofelectricityfromthegrid.LEOsystems

requirefarlessmaintenance,alongerlife,andasvillagersjokinglysa