人教版2019選擇性必修3Unit1ARTDiscoverusefulstructuresInfinitivesasthepredicative判斷下列句子中畫線部分的動(dòng)詞是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：1.Iliketogotothelibrarytoday.今天我想去圖書館。2.HecametolikeEnglishbecauseofhisteacher’sencouragement.由于老師的鼓勵(lì)，他慢慢喜歡上了英語(yǔ)。3.Hedevotedhimselftohelpingthoseinneed.他樂(lè)于幫助那些有困難的人。4.Thosedevotedtohelpingthoseinneedarewellworthrespecting.樂(lè)于助人者人恒敬之。5.Wewerewalkinginthestreetwhenwemetaforeignerlookingworried.我們逛街時(shí)突然遇到一個(gè)老外，他看上去很著急。6.Walkinginthestreet,wemetaforeignerlookingworried.我們逛街時(shí)遇到一個(gè)老外，他看上去很著急。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞{謂語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、主謂一致｛todo

doingdone相當(dāng)于名詞具備動(dòng)詞的特征相當(dāng)于形容詞相當(dāng)于副詞注

動(dòng)詞不定式可以在句子中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)，所以說(shuō)動(dòng)詞不定式有名詞的特征；動(dòng)詞不定式可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，所以說(shuō)動(dòng)詞不定式仍然具備動(dòng)詞的特征；動(dòng)詞不定式可以作后置定語(yǔ)，因此動(dòng)詞不定式也相當(dāng)于形容詞；動(dòng)詞不定式還可以作狀語(yǔ)，所以說(shuō)在一定程度上動(dòng)詞不定式相當(dāng)于副詞。判斷下列句子中動(dòng)詞不定式充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞帧?.Iamgladtomeetyou.2.Hedrovetotheairporttopickuphisfriend.3.Hisdreamistobeadoctor.4.Itismydutytocleantheclassroom.5.Doyouhaveanythingtosharewithme?6.Herefusedtoaccepttheprize.原因狀語(yǔ)目的狀語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)觀察思考：1.Doyouhaveanythingtoeat?你有吃的東西嗎2.Themanpretendedtobereadinganewspaper.那個(gè)人假裝正在看報(bào)紙。3.I’dliketosharewithyouthesportsmeetingtobeheldnextweek.我想告訴你將于下周舉行的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。4.Iamveryhappytohavehelpedyoupaintyournewhouse.我很高興能幫你粉刷你的新房子。動(dòng)詞不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)類別形式含義一般式todo主動(dòng)被動(dòng)式tobedone被動(dòng)完成式tohavedone該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前進(jìn)行式tobedoing該動(dòng)作和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生即學(xué)即練1.Doyouhaveanything___________(share)withme?2.Somebodyseems______________(cry)inthenextroom.3.Iamsosorryto______________(bring)yousomuchtrouble.4.Hedoesn’tlike___________________(interrupt)whiletalking.tosharetobecryinghavebroughttobeinterrupted動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)觀察思考①Hisaimwastobeascientistwhenhegrowsup.他的目標(biāo)是長(zhǎng)大后當(dāng)科學(xué)家。②Yourbestplanwouldbetogotoworkbycar.你開車上班是上策。③HisoriginalpurposewastohelpherimproveherEnglish,butfinallyhebeccameherboyfriend.他原本想幫她提高英語(yǔ)，但最后成了她的男朋友。④Herlifelongdreamwastobeafamouswriter.她的畢生愿望就是成為一個(gè)著名作家。⑤Herjobistotakecareoftheflowersinthegarden.她的工作是看護(hù)花園里的花。歸納總結(jié)動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的具體內(nèi)容或目的，主語(yǔ)一般是aim,purpose,plan,dream,decision等。①我的理想是成為一名律師。Mydreamis___________.②他的夢(mèng)想是為貧困家庭的孩子們建立學(xué)校。Hisdream_________schoolsforchildrenofpoorfamilies.③Thebestwayofsolvingtheproblemsis______(turn)toyourteacherforadvice.④Yourmajordutyatthismomentis______(have)agoodrest.⑤Hisambitionis____(be)asoldierasbraveashisfather.tobealawyeristosetuptoturntohavetobe動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)的語(yǔ)態(tài)觀察思考①Hisgoalistobecomeavolunteeratthelocalhospitalinthecomingholidays.他的目標(biāo)就是在即將到來(lái)的假期到當(dāng)?shù)氐尼t(yī)院當(dāng)志愿者。②HisgoalistobeadimittedintoPekingUniversitythissummer.他的目標(biāo)是今年夏天被北京大學(xué)錄取。歸納總結(jié)動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ),如果不定式和邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系應(yīng)用todo,如果兩者是被動(dòng)關(guān)系

則應(yīng)使用tobedone.即學(xué)即練①所有這些商品都是要出售的。Allthegoodsare________.②水如果供飲用必須是純凈的。Watermustbepureifitis_________.③你今天的任務(wù)是打掃院子。Yourtasktodayis_______theyard.④這些問(wèn)題有待解決。Theseproblemsremain________________.tobesoldtobedrunktocleantobesolved/settledwh-詞+動(dòng)詞不定式觀察思考①Wheretofindtheansweristhepoint.重點(diǎn)是哪里找到答案。②Wemustknowwhattosayatthemeeting.我們必須知道在會(huì)議上說(shuō)什么。③Theirpuzzlewaswhattodonextafterthemeeting.他們的困惑是會(huì)后下一步做什么。④Theproblemiswheretoholdthemeetingwithsomanypeopletotakepartinit.問(wèn)題是有這么多人要參加，會(huì)議在哪里召開。歸納總結(jié)有時(shí)，根據(jù)表達(dá)的需要，在作表語(yǔ)的不定式前，還可添加疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞，包括what,who,how,when,where等。例如：?jiǎn)栴}是如何開始。Theproblemishowtobegin.另外，wh-詞+動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)還可以作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。即學(xué)即練①他們想知道何時(shí)在他們城市舉辦藝術(shù)展。Whattheywanttoknowwas___________anartexhibitionintheircity.②問(wèn)題是到哪里尋找經(jīng)濟(jì)援助。Theproblemis__________finacialaid.whentohold

wheretofind觀察思考①Whichdriveristoblamefortheaccident?哪們司機(jī)是此次事故的肇事者？②Thehouseistolet.此屋出租。歸納總結(jié)某些動(dòng)詞不定式(短語(yǔ))作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，需用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。觀察思考Allhewantedwastobeleftalone.他只想一個(gè)人待著。6.TheleastIcandotohelpislendheracar.我所能幫的最起碼的事是借給她一輛車。歸納總結(jié)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)包含定語(yǔ)從句且其先行詞為代詞all或者主語(yǔ)被only,first,one或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，其后可接“系動(dòng)詞+不定式”作句子的表語(yǔ)。即學(xué)即練①Thefirstchoicehemadewas____(go)tothepoorvillagetohelpthevillagersoutofpoverty.②Thebestthinghedecidedonwas_______(leave)theselfishandmeangirl.togotoleave觀察思考①IamtocallhimonceIreachtheairport.我一到機(jī)場(chǎng)就得給他們打電話。②TheyaretobemarriedinJune.他們計(jì)劃于六月結(jié)婚。③Hewastoregretthedecisionfortherestofhislife.他終生都將后悔做出了那個(gè)決定。④Hewasnevertoseehiswifeagain.他注定再也見不到他的妻子了。⑤Ifweweretoofferyoumoremoney,wouldyoustay?=Werewetoofferyoumoremoney,wouldyoustay?

如果我們給你加錢，你愿意留下嗎？歸納總結(jié)不定式作表語(yǔ)可以表示計(jì)劃、安排，注定，義務(wù)，可能性，命令，警告等。即學(xué)即練①英語(yǔ)演講比賽計(jì)劃于下周舉行。TheEnglishspeechcontestis_________(take)placenextweek.②最壞的注定要到來(lái)。Theworstis__________(come).③漆黑的街道上一個(gè)人也看不到。Notasinglemanwas____________(see)inthedarkstreet.④你要想成功就必須要努力。Ifyouare____________(succeed),youmustworkhard.totaketocometobeseentosucceed動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別1.動(dòng)詞不定式和v-ing作表語(yǔ)，要注意與句子的主語(yǔ)在形式上一致，即若句子的主語(yǔ)為v-ing形式，則表語(yǔ)也應(yīng)使用v-ing；若主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)詞不定式，則表語(yǔ)也應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞不定式。Toseeistobelieve.=Seeingisbelieving.2.動(dòng)詞不定式和v-ing作表語(yǔ)時(shí)可換用，但以下情況除外。①當(dāng)動(dòng)詞表達(dá)的是某一特定的行為，尤其是將來(lái)的行為時(shí)，通常用動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)。Herbestwishistohelpherparentsliveahealthyandhappylife.②若動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的是一般性抽象的經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，則通常使用v-ing作表語(yǔ)。Myfavoritesportishiking.Whathehatesmostisbeinglaughtedatforhisdisability.即學(xué)即練①Whatheusuallylikesis_____(take)awalkafterdinner,buttodayheliked_______(have)agoodrestafterthehardwork.②Thethingheoftenprefersis_____(go)toschool