EnglishforMedicalLaboratoryTechnology醫(yī)學(xué)檢驗技術(shù)專業(yè)英語EnglishforMedicalLaboratoryTechnologyEnzyme:Nature’sBiologicalCatalysts酶：自然的生物催化劑Wewillexplorethefundamentalconceptsofenzymes,theiruniquecharacteristics,andfactorsgoverningtheircatalytic[?k?t??l?t?k]activityinthismicro-lecture.

本次微課將探討酶的基本概念、獨特特性及影響催化活性的因素Enzymesarebiologicalcatalysts[k?t?l?sts],primarilyproteins,thatdramaticallyaccelerate[?k?sel?re?t]biochemicalreactionsbyloweringtheactivationenergyrequired.酶是生物催化劑,主要是蛋白質(zhì),通過降低活化能加速生化反應(yīng)DefinitionofEnzymeThreeHallmarksThehallmarkpropertiesofenzymesaretheirincredibleefficiency,specificity,andregulable.酶的標(biāo)志性特性是其驚人的高效性、專一性和可調(diào)節(jié)性1.Efficient:Enzymesdramaticallyspeedupreactions.極大地加快反應(yīng)速度2.Specific:Enzymestargetparticularsubstrates.針對特定的底物3.Regulable[?reɡj?l?b?l]:Theiractivitycanbecontrolled.活動是可控制的PhysicalFactorsinEnzymeActivityFactorOptimumEffectTemperature37°CDenaturation>45°CpHEnzyme-specificAltersionizationstate[Salt]Physiological[ion]SaltbridgesdisruptionThreephysicalfactorscriticallyregulateenzymesfunction.

影響酶活性的物理因素主要有三個1.temperature[?tempr?t??]sensitivity[?sens??t?v?ti].

溫度敏感性Humanenzymespeakat37°C.人體酶活性在37°C時達到峰值

2.pHdependence.酸堿度依賴性MostenzymesfunctionbetweenthePH6and8.大多數(shù)酶在PH值6到8之間起作用3.ionicsensitivity.離子強度敏感性

Saltconcentrationaffectsproteinstability[[st??b?l?ti].鹽濃度影響蛋白質(zhì)穩(wěn)定性Beyondphysicalfactors,severalchemicalelementspreciselycontrolenzymefunction.1.substrateconcentration.

Enzymeactivityreachesmaximumvelocity[v??l?s?ti]atsubstratesaturation[?s?t???re??n].酶活性在底物飽和時達到最大速度2.Enzymeactivityismodulatedbysterichindrance[?h?ndr?ns],inhibitors,andactivators.

位阻、抑制劑和活化劑調(diào)節(jié)酶的活性

ChemicalFactorsinEnzymeActivityFactorImpact[Substrate]Michaelis-MentenkineticsStericHindranceAlteredbindingaffinity像一扇門被一個大箱子堵住，無法進入指底物或調(diào)節(jié)分子因體積過大，在空間上阻礙了酶與底物的結(jié)合InhibitorsCompetitive/non-competitiveActivatorsCofactors(Mg2?,Zn2?)KeyTakeaways1.Enzymesareprecision[pr??s???n]biocatalysts[?ba????k?t?l?sts].酶是精密的生物催化劑2.Activityoptimizedatspecifictemp/pH/[ion].酶在特定溫度、酸堿度、離子強度條件下活性最高3.[Substrate]followssatu