國際貿易實務雙語期末考試題及答案PartIMultipleChoice（每題1分，共20分）SelecttheONEoptionthatbestcompleteseachstatementoranswerseachquestion.請將正確選項的字母寫在題號前。1.AccordingtoIncoterms?2020,whichtermplacesthemaximumobligationontheseller?A.EXWB.DDPC.CPTD.FOBAnswer:B.DDP（DeliveredDutyPaid）要求賣方辦理進口清關并支付所有關稅，責任最大。2.AChineseexporterquotes“USD28perpieceFOBShanghai”.TheimporterinHamburgrequestsaCFRHamburgquotation.ThecurrentfreightrateisUSD2.40perpiecewitha10%BAFsurcharge.Thenewpriceshouldbe:A.USD30.40B.USD30.64C.USD31.04D.USD31.40Answer:B.28+2.4×1.1=30.64.3.Underadocumentarycredit,theissuingbank’sundertakingtopayis:A.conditionalonthebuyer’sacceptanceofthegoodsB.conditionalontheseller’sshipmentonlyC.conditionalonpresentationofcomplyingdocumentsD.conditionalontheabsenceofdiscrepanciesinthegoodsthemselvesAnswer:C.信用證下銀行付款的唯一條件是“單證相符、單單一致”。4.Whichofthefollowingbillsofladingclauseswouldmakethedocumentunclean?A.“Shipper’sload,stowandcount”B.“Fivecartonsslightlydamaged”C.“Saidtocontain500cartons”D.“Freightprepaid”Answer:B.明確宣稱貨物有缺陷即構成不清潔提單。5.Theprincipleof“utmostgoodfaith”incargoinsuranceisbestexemplifiedby:A.thedoctrineofsubrogationB.thedutyofdisclosureC.thefranchiseclauseD.thesueandlabourclauseAnswer:B.投保人必須主動披露所有重要事實。6.AreefercontainerofsalmonarrivesinRotterdamwithatemperaturelogshowing–1°Cinsteadoftherequired–18°C.ThelossisUSD120000.Thepolicycontainsan“inchmaree”clause.Theinsurerwillmostlikely:A.rejecttheclaimbecausethedamagewasduetothecarrier’snegligenceB.accepttheclaimandthensuethecarrierbysubrogationC.accept50%underthegeneralaverageprincipleD.rejecttheclaimbecausetheassuredfailedtopackproperlyAnswer:B.Inchmaree條款承保船舶工作人員的疏忽，賠付后保險人代位追償。7.WhichofthefollowingisNOTamandatoryparticularonanairwaybill?A.airportofdepartureB.declaredvalueforcarriageC.flightnumberanddateD.handlinginformationAnswer:C.航班號及日期不是空運單的必填項，可標注“Requestedflight”。8.InaD/P(documentsagainstpayment)collection,thepresentingbankreleasesthedocumentsonlywhen:A.thebuyersignsatrustreceiptB.thebuyereffectspaymentinimmediatelyavailablefundsC.thebuyeracceptsabillofexchangeD.theremittingbankconfirmspaymentAnswer:B.付款交單的核心是“貨款兩清”。9.AChinesetoymanufacturerexports2×40’HQtoLosAngelesunderFOBShenzhen.Thecontaineryardcutsthesealaccidentallybeforeloading.ThebestINCOTERMadjustmenttoallocatethisrisktotheselleris:A.FCAShenzhencontaineryardB.CPTLosAngelesC.DAPLosAngelesD.CIFLosAngelesAnswer:A.FCA可將風險轉移點從船舷提前至集裝箱堆場。10.The“anti-datedB/L”isissuedwhen:A.thegoodsareloadedaftertheL/CshipmentdateB.thegoodsareloadedbeforetheL/CissuancedateC.theB/Lshowsadateearlierthantheactualon-boarddateD.theB/LisissuedbeforethegoodsarriveattheportAnswer:C.倒簽提單以滿足信用證裝運期限。11.WhichofthefollowingcertificatesisrequiredforawoodenpalletshippedtotheEU?A.C/OFormAB.PhytosanitaryCertificateC.FumigationCertificateD.HealthCertificateAnswer:C.實木包裝材料須熏蒸并出具熏蒸證書。12.The“redclause”inadocumentarycreditallowsthebeneficiaryto:A.receiveanadvancebeforeshipmentB.amendthecreditwithouttheapplicant’sconsentC.transferthecredittoasecondbeneficiaryD.paythenegotiatingbankinadvanceAnswer:A.紅條款授權議付行預支貨款給受益人。13.ASwissbuyeropensaEURcreditavailablebynegotiation.TheChinesebeneficiarypresentsdocumentsinUSD.AccordingtoUCP600,thenegotiatingbankmay:A.refusetonegotiatebecausethecurrencydiffersB.negotiateonlyafterobtainingtheissuingbank’swaiverC.negotiateprovidedtheUSDamountisequivalenttotheEURamountontheinvoicedateD.negotiateandconvertatthebank’sbuyingrateforUSDAnswer:C.允許貨幣轉換，但金額須與信用證一致。14.The“both-to-blamecollision”clauseinoceancargoinsuranceisdesignedtoprotect:A.theshipownerfromcargoclaimsB.thecargoownerfromtheshipowner’snegligenceC.thecargoinsurerfromtheshipowner’slimitationofliabilityD.thecargoownerfromcontributorynegligenceclaimsAnswer:D.保障貨主在雙方互有過失碰撞中仍可全額索賠。15.UnderCISG,anofferbecomeseffectivewhen:A.itisdispatchedB.itreachestheoffereeC.itisacknowledgedD.thecontractisconcludedAnswer:B.發(fā)盤送達生效。16.The“Warsaw-OxfordRules1932”specificallyinterpret:A.FOBB.CIFC.CFRD.EXWAnswer:B.歷史上唯一專門解釋CIF的國際規(guī)則。17.AfreightforwarderissuesaFIATAFBL.Thedocumentis:A.anegotiablemultimodaltransportdocumentB.anon-negotiableseawaybillC.acharterpartyD.adeliveryorderAnswer:A.FBL可作為可轉讓的多式聯(lián)運單證。18.The“forcemajeure”clauseinasalescontractnormallycovers:A.marketpricefluctuationsB.currencyinconvertibilityC.governmentexportbanduetowarD.latedeliveryduetorawmaterialshortageAnswer:C.戰(zhàn)爭導致政府禁運屬于不可抗力典型事件。19.Inaback-to-backcredit,thesecondcreditisopenedonthestrengthof:A.thefirstbeneficiary’sowncreditworthinessB.theoriginalcreditascollateralC.theapplicant’sdepositD.theconfirmingbank’sguaranteeAnswer:B.背對背信用證以原證作抵押。20.The“demurrage”chargeisleviedon:A.theshipownerfordelayingthevesselB.thechartererfordetainingtheshipbeyondlaytimeC.theconsigneefordelayingcontainerreturnD.theshipperforlatedeliveryofcargoAnswer:B.滯期費針對租船人超過裝卸時間。PartIITermTranslation&Definition（每題2分，共20分）TranslateeachtermintoChineseandgiveaconcisedefinitioninEnglish.1.GeneralAverageAnswer:共同海損。Adeliberateandreasonablelossorexpendituremadebyaship’scaptaintoprotectthewholemaritimeventurefromanimminentcommonperil.2.ForceMajeureAnswer:不可抗力。Anunforeseeableanduncontrollableeventthatpreventsapartyfromperformingitscontractualobligations,excusingliabilityunderthecontract.3.BlankEndorsementAnswer:空白背書。Anendorsementthatnamesnoendorsee,convertinganorderbillofladingintoabearerdocument.4.SoftClauseAnswer:軟條款。Adocumentarycreditclausethatmakesthecrediteffectivelyconditionalonanactionoutsidethebeneficiary’scontrol,e.g.“Inspectioncertificatesignedbytheapplicant.”5.ConstructiveTotalLossAnswer:推定全損。Alosswherethecostofrepairingorrecoveringtheinsuredgoodsexceedstheirinsuredvalue,allowingtheassuredtoclaimatotalloss.6.SwitchBillofLadingAnswer:轉換提單。Asecondsetofbillsissuedbythecarrierattherequestoftheshipper,usuallytochangetheportofloadingorthenameoftheshipper,whilecancellingthefirstset.7.Back-to-BackCreditAnswer:背對背信用證。Anewcreditopenedonthebasisofanexistingone,oftenusedbymiddlemenwhodonotwishtodisclosetheoriginalsuppliertothebuyer.8.Anti-DumpingDutyAnswer:反傾銷稅。Anadditionalimportdutyimposedongoodssoldbelownormalvalueintheexportingcountry,tooffsetinjurytodomesticindustry.9.CertificateofOriginFormAAnswer:普惠制原產地證書。Adocumentprovingthatgoodsoriginateinadevelopingcountry,enablingtheimportertoclaimpreferentialtarifftreatmentundertheGSPscheme.10.FreeCarrier(FCA)Answer:貨交承運人。AnIncotermunderwhichthesellerdeliversthegoods,clearedforexport,tothecarriernominatedbythebuyeratanamedplace.PartIIICase-basedCalculations（每題10分，共30分）Showallworkings;unitsmustbestated.1.ATianjinexportersells5000cartonsofbearingsunderCIFHamburgatUSD22percarton.FreightisUSD4200lumpsum;insuranceis110%ofCIFvalueagainstAllRisksplusWar&SRCCat0.45%plus0.05%respectively.Calculate:(a)theinsuredamount;(b)theinsurancepremium;(c)theFOBnetamounttheexporterfinallyreceives.Answer:(a)CIFvalue=5000×22=110000Insuredamount=110000×110%=121000(b)Premium=121000×(0.45%+0.05%)=121000×0.005=USD605(c)FOBnet=CIF–freight–insurance=110000–4200–605=USD1051952.AnL/Ccallsfor“about24tofgreenteain1600cartons@15kgneteach,1%moreorlessinquantityallowed.”Thebeneficiaryshipsexactly1584cartons.TheunitpriceisUSD7.20percartonCIFSydney.Thenegotiatingbankcharges0.15%commissionminUSD80.Calculatethemaximumamountthebeneficiarycannegotiate.Answer:Allowedrange:1600×0.99=1584(minimum)to1616(maximum).Actual1584iswithintolerance.Invoicevalue=1584×7.20=11404.80Commission=11404.80×0.15%=17.11→banktakesUSD80(minimum)Netproceeds=11404.80–80=USD11324.803.A20’GPcontainerloadedwith12tofceramictilesleavesFoshanforFelixstoweunderCFRterms.ThelinertariffisUSD1680per20’GP,CAF8%,BAF12%,low-sulphursurcharge6%.ThesellerpaysTHCCNY650andENSfeeUSD25.Exchangerate:USD1=CNY7.15.ComputethetotalexportlogisticscostinUSD.Answer:Oceanfreight=1680×(1+0.08+0.12+0.06)=1680×1.26=2116.80THC=650÷7.15=90.91ENS=25Total=2116.80+90.91+25=USD2232.71PartIVDocumentChecking（每題10分，共20分）TheL/Ccontains:“43P:Partialshipmentsallowed;43T:Transhipmentallowed;45A:3000setsLEDdown-lightFOBShenzhen;46A:Commercialinvoicein3originals,fullset3/3cleanonboardoceanB/Lmadeouttoorderblankendorsedmarkedfreightcollect,packinglist,beneficiarycertificatethatonesetofnon-negotiabledocssenttoapplicantwithin5daysaftershipment;47A:Latestshipment31May2024;48:Presentationwithin15daysafterB/Ldate.”Thebeneficiarypresentson10June2024withB/Ldated22May2024.Theinvoiceshows3050sets.TheB/Lbearstheclause“Shipper’sload,stowandcount,3palletssaidtocontain3050cartons.”Thefreightcolumnshows“freightprepaid.”Listfivediscrepancieswithbriefreasons.Answer:1.Invoicequantity3050exceeds3000in45Awithoutanytoleranceclause.2.B/Lshows“freightprepaid”but46Arequires“freightcollect.”3.B/Lclause“saidtocontain”doesnotevidenceactualcontents,renderingquantityunverifiable.4.Presentationon10Juneisbeyond15daysafterB/Ldate(22May+15=6June).5.Beneficiarycertificatenotpresented(absencestatedincoveringletter).PartVShortAnswerQuestions（每題5分，共30分）AnswerinEnglish;eachresponse40–60words.1.ExplainwhyanFCAcontaineryardtermmaybesaferthanFOBforaChinesesellerwhenthecarriercutsthesealbeforeloading.Answer:UnderFOBriskpassesonboard;ifthecontainerisresealedaftercutting,thesellermaybearlossofordamagetogoods.FCAcontaineryardtransfersriskoncethecontainerishandedoverandacceptedbythecarrier,soanylatermishapisbuyer’srisk.2.Distinguishbetween“franchise”and“excess”incargoinsurance.Answer:Franchiseisaminimumlosspercentagebelowwhichnoclaimispayable;oncereachedtheinsurerpaystheentireloss.Excessisafixedamountdeductedfromeveryclaimregardlessofsize.3.StatetwoadvantagesofusingamultimodalbillofladinginsteadofseparateseaandroadconsignmentnotesforaShenzhen–Duisburgblocktrainshipment.Answer:(1)Onecontractcoversthewholejourney,simplifyingdocumentationandliabilityrules.(2)Thedocumentcanbeissuedinnegotiableform,enablingthesellertoreceivepaymentunderL/Cbeforearrival.4.Whydobanksrefuse“third-partydocumentsacceptableunlessotherwisestated”inadocumentarycredit?Answer:BecauseUCP600art.14(l)allowsthird-partydocsexceptinvoices;banks